The gut and cardiovascular diseases

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1090-1093
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rosano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

The physiological functioning of the gut is central for the pharmacokinetics of orally administered cardiovascular drugs and alteration of the gut homeostasis may have relevant repercussions on the effect of these drugs. The gut microbiome may affect the absorption and metabolism of nutrients favouring the development of obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, alterations in intestinal barrier permeability lead to the penetration of bacteria and bacterial wall products into the circulation and may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and worsening of heart failure. Despite the suggestions of the possible interaction between the gut and the cardiovascular system and of stimulating novel mechanisms for disease progression that may open to new therapeutic approaches, the available evidence must be considered preliminary.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin is a new marker of cardiovascular diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Verbovoy ◽  
I A Tsanava ◽  
E V Mitroshina ◽  
L A Sharonova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that is a representative of the tumor necrosis factor-α receptor superfamily. Information about the possible role of OPG in the development of cardiovascular diseases has begun to appear in the literature in recent years. This review discusses the role of increasing the level of OPG in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and as a consequence of coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. H923-H938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilah F. Ahmad ◽  
Girish Dwivedi ◽  
Fergal O’Gara ◽  
Jose Caparros-Martin ◽  
Natalie C. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.

Challenges and New Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Chronic Wounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1264-1275
Author(s):  
Hongmin Sun ◽  
Lakshmi Pulakat ◽  
David W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Healing Wounds

Chronic non-healing wounds are estimated to cost the US healthcare $28-$31 billion per year. Diabetic ulcers, arterial and venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers are some of the most common types of chronic wounds. The burden of chronic wounds continues to rise due to the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes and the increase in elderly adults in the population who are more vulnerable to chronic wounds than younger individuals. This patient population is also highly vulnerable to debilitating infections caused by opportunistic and multi-drug resistant pathogens. Reduced microcirculation, decreased availability of cytokines and growth factors that promote wound closure and healing, and infections by multi-drug resistant and biofilm forming microbes are some of the critical factors that contribute to the development of chronic non-healing wounds. This review discusses novel approaches to understand chronic wound pathology and methods to improve chronic wound care, particularly when chronic wounds are infected by multi-drug resistant, biofilm forming microbes.

scholarly journals Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: From Heart to Vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinda Sorrentino ◽  
Silvana Morello ◽  
Aldo Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stromal Component ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses

Cardiovascular diseases, formerly only attributed to the alterations of the stromal component, are now recognized as immune-based pathologies. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) are important immune orchestrators in heart and vessels. They highly produce IFN type I that promote the polarization of T cells towards a Th1 phenotype; however, pDCs can also participate to suppressive networks via the recruitment of T regulatory cells that downmodulate proinflammatory responses. pDCs populate the vessel wall layers during pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. It is thus clear that a better identification of pDCs activity in cardiovascular diseases can not only elucidate pathological mechanisms but also lead to new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Ca 2+ Cycling and New Therapeutic Approaches for Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Lompré ◽  
Roger J. Hajjar ◽  
Sian E. Harding ◽  
Evangelia G. Kranias ◽  
Martin J. Lohse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Decoys in Non-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
Stephen L. Atkin ◽  
Evgeny E. Bezsonov ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transcriptional Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Future Treatment ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of global death, highlighting the fact that conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CVD patients are insufficient, and there is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, decoy technology, decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and decoy peptides show promising results for the future treatment of CVDs. Decoy ODN inhibits transcription by binding to the transcriptional factor, while decoy peptide neutralizes receptors by binding to the ligands. This review focused on studies that have investigated the effects of decoy ODN and decoy peptides on non-atherosclerotic CVD.

scholarly journals Calcium and Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7392
Author(s):  
Natthaphat Siri-Angkul ◽  
Behzad Dadfar ◽  
Riya Jaleel ◽  
Jazna Naushad ◽  
Jaseela Parambathazhath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
End Stage Heart Failure ◽  
End Stage

The occurrence and prevalence of heart failure remain high in the United States as well as globally. One person dies every 30 seconds from heart disease. Recognizing the importance of heart failure, clinicians and scientists have sought better therapeutic strategies and even cures for end-stage heart failure. This exploration has resulted in many failed clinical trials testing novel classes of pharmaceutical drugs and even gene therapy. As a result, along the way, there have been paradigm shifts toward and away from differing therapeutic approaches. The continued prevalence of death from heart failure, however, clearly demonstrates that the heart is not simply a pump and instead forces us to consider the complexity of simplicity in the pathophysiology of heart failure and reinforces the need to discover new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. H1227-H1233
Author(s):  
Caitlin V. Lewis ◽  
W. Robert Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction

The gut microbiome and intestinal dysfunction have emerged as potential contributors to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alterations in gut microbiome are well documented in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure and have been investigated as a therapeutic target. However, a perhaps underappreciated but related role for intestinal barrier function has become evident. Increased intestinal permeability is observed in patients and mouse models of CVD. This increased intestinal permeability can enhance systemic inflammation, alter gut immune function, and has been demonstrated as predictive of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The goal of this review is to examine the evidence supporting a role for intestinal barrier function in cardiovascular disease and its prospect as a novel therapeutic target. We outline key studies that have investigated intestinal permeability in hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. We highlight the central mechanisms involved in the breakdown of barrier function and look at emerging evidence for restored barrier function as a contributor to promising treatment strategies such as short chain fatty acid, probiotic, and renin angiotensin system-targeted therapeutics. Recent studies of more selective targeting of the intestinal barrier to improve disease outcomes are also examined. We suggest that although current data supporting a contribution of intestinal permeability to CVD pathogenesis are largely associative, it appears to be a promising avenue for further investigation. Additional studies of the mechanisms of barrier restoration in CVD and testing of intestinal barrier-targeted compounds will be required to confirm their potential as a new class of CVD therapeutic.

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