Indirect maternal deaths

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Heather Lytle ◽  
Beatrice Chikaphonya-Phiri ◽  
Abi Merriel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Indirect maternal deaths account for over a quarter of maternal deaths worldwide. Deaths from indirect causes include communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as pre-existing and new conditions. Prevention of indirect maternal deaths has received less attention than direct causes of death, where interventions can be targeted around the time of delivery. Indirect deaths can be more complex to address as pregnancy brings unique health challenges due to the changing physiology of a pregnant woman. These physiological changes are summarised alongside the impact of some communicable (e.g. malaria) and non-communicable diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease) on indirect deaths. The challenges in diagnosing, and therefore measuring, indirect deaths are discussed, as are challenges in deciding whether these deaths are incidental or exacerbated by pregnancy. A focus on improving both research and health policy is needed to address the challenges brought about by the increasing burden of indirect deaths.

scholarly journals Quality of Care among Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Service Delivery in South Asia: A Systematic Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraban Ether ◽  
K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: South Asia is facing the challenges of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which are getting doubled due to the low quality of care (QoC) around NCD services. This systematic rapid review aims to unpack available approaches to establish the quality of care around NCD services and the impact of those approaches to reduce NCD burden in South Asian countries. Methods: Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were searched. Studies published from 1st January 1990 to 31st December 2020 were included. Studies written in English in the South Asian context following any research design about four major NCDs (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease), and interventions to achieve QoC were included. Data extraction was done using a pre-specified form. A narrative synthesis was conducted for analyzing the extracted information. This systematic rapid review is registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) - CRD42020157401.Results: Among 829 identified studies 13 were included in the review for in-depth analysis. Most of the studies focused on cancer followed by diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Community and clinic-based screening, NCD care education, NCD specialized corner or hospital, and a follow-up system ensure patient satisfaction, accessibility, early detection, timely referral, and help to reduce disease severity, mortality rate, and incidence of the new disease.Conclusions: The effective interventions for improving QoC around NCD services can be scaled up in different settings in South Asia to reduce the burden of NCDs.

scholarly journals Identifying and Describing Impact of Disasters on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Ghazanchaei ◽  
Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh ◽  
Javad Aghazadeh-Attari ◽  
Iraj Mohebbi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patients with non-communicable diseases are vulnerable to disasters. This is a systematic review describing the impact of disasters on non-communicable diseases. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA standards. Relevant articles published from 1997 to 2019 collected by searching the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, databases. We specifically examined reports describing NCDs and including the key words “non-communicable disease and Disasters”. NCDs included cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes, cancer and mental health diseases. Results: Of the 663 studies identified, only 48 articles met all the eligibility criteria. Most studies have shown the impact of all natural disasters on non-communicable diseases (39.8% n=19). The largest study was the effect of earthquakes on non-communicable diseases (29.2% n=14). For the NCDs targeted by this research, most of the included studies were a combination of four diseases: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer (44% n=21). Followed by cardiovascular disease (14.6% n=7), chronic respiratory disease (12.5% n=6), diabetes and cancer (6.2% n=3) and mental health (12.5% n=6). Conclusion: The incidence of disasters affects the management of treatment and care for patients with NCDs. Specific measures include a multi-part approach to ensuring that patients with non-communicable diseases have access to life-saving services during and after disasters. The approach of the health system should be expanded from traditional approaches to disasters and requires comprehensive planning of health care by policy makers and health professionals to develop effective strategies to enable patients to access medical, therapeutic and diagnostic services in natural disasters.

scholarly journals Fiber consumption effect on non-communicable disease: how big is the impact?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yuli Indarti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract  Non-communicable diseases have effects on the quality of human resources because, in addition to causes of death and morbidity, they also reduce productivity. Fiber intake was allegedly affecting the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this literature review is to look at the link between fiber intake and the incidence of non-communicable diseases and the effect of fiber supplements to treat non-communicable diseases. Several literature indicate that fiber intake is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and obesity. Research also shows fiber supplementation can improve metabolic profiles, blood sugar, insulin resistance in cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus patients. Fiber supplementation also reduces the risk of breast cancer. Fiber intake is related to the incidence of non-communicable diseases and can overcome some non-communicable diseases Keywords             : fiber, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, supplement 

scholarly journals Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

scholarly journals Physical activity and preventable premature deaths from non-communicable diseases in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. e253-e260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende ◽  
Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽  
Grégore Iven Mielke ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendation ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Studies on the impact of counterfactual scenarios of physical activity on premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are sparse in the literature. We estimated preventable premature deaths from NCDs (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast and colon cancers) in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity (i) to theoretical minimum risk exposure levels; (ii) reaching the physical activity recommendation; (iii) reducing insufficient physical activity by 10%; and (iv) eliminating the gender differences in physical activity. Methods Preventable fractions were estimated using data from a nationally representative survey, relative risks from a meta-analysis and number of premature deaths (30–69 years) from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Results Physical activity could potentially avoid up to 16 700 premature deaths from NCDs in Brazil, corresponding to 5.75 and 3.23% of premature deaths from major NCDs and of all-causes, respectively. Other scenarios suggested the following impact on premature deaths: reaching physical activity recommendation (5000 or 1.74% of major NCDs); 10% reduction in insufficient physical activity (500 or 0.17% of major NCDs); eliminating gender differences in physical activity (1000 or 0.33% of major NCDs). Conclusions Physical activity may play an important role to reduce premature deaths from NCD in Brazil.

scholarly journals Impact of nutritional risk factors on chronic non-communicable diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among various risk factors, poor nutrition quality has been identified as a leading determinant of NCD. Methods The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study provided a comprehensive comparative risk assessment (CRA) of risk factor for NCD, quantifying the impact of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. Special focus on nutritional risk factors will be dedicated, discussing the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Results In 2017, over 30 million deaths were attributable to risk factors. When ranked, high systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor, accounting for more than 10 million deaths, followed by, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. A total of 11 million deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths globally. However, important differences between regions and outcome (i.e., cardiovascular disease vs. cancer) have been registered. Besides the major aforementioned factors, underrated dietary risk factors, such as low calcium intake, have been found important contributors to cancer burden in certain developed countries. Interpretation The combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in NCD at the global level. These data provide a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations.

P3414Differences in total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without non-communicable diseases within the reference range of thyroid function

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bano ◽  
L Chaker ◽  
F U S Mattace-Raso ◽  
R P Peeters ◽  
O H Franco
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Variations in thyroid function within the reference ranges are associated with an increased risk of diseases and death. However, the impact of thyroid function on life expectancy (LE) and the number of years lived with and without non-communicable diseases (NCD) remains unknown. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with total LE and LE with and without NCD among euthyroid subjects. Methods Participants of the Rotterdam Study without known thyroid disease and with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the reference ranges were eligible. NCD were defined as the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, or cancer. We used multistate life tables to calculate the total LE and LE with and without NCD among TSH and FT4 tertiles, in men and women. LE estimates were obtained using prevalence, incidence rates and hazard ratios for three transitions (healthy to NCD, healthy to death and NCD to death). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 7644 participants was 64.5 (9.7) years and 52.2% were women. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, we observed 1396 incident NCD events and 1422 deaths. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men and women in the highest TSH tertile lived 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8; 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8; 2.2) years longer, respectively; of which 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5; 2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI, 0.3; 2.1) years with NCD. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, the difference in LE for men and women in the highest FT4 tertile was −3.7 (95% CI, −5.1 to −2.2) and −3.3 (95% CI, −4.7; −1.9), respectively; of which −1.8 (95% CI, −3.1 to −0.7) and −2.0 (95% CI, −3.4 to −0.7) years without NCD. Life expectancy in TSH and FT4 tertiles Conclusions There are meaningful differences in total LE, LE with and without NCD within the reference ranges of thyroid function. People with low-normal thyroid function live more years with and without NCD than those with high-normal thyroid function. These findings support a reevaluation of the current reference ranges of thyroid function.

scholarly journals Indirect maternal deaths: UK and global perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Nair ◽  
Catherine Nelson-Piercy ◽  
Marian Knight
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Uk

Indirect maternal deaths outnumber direct deaths due to obstetric causes in many high-income countries, and there has been a significant increase in the proportion of maternal deaths due to indirect medical causes in low- to middle-income countries. This review presents a detailed analysis of indirect maternal deaths in the UK and a perspective on the causes and trends in indirect maternal deaths and issues related to care in low- to middle-income countries. There has been no significant decrease in the rate of indirect maternal deaths in the UK since 2003. In 2011–2013, 68% of all maternal deaths were due to indirect causes, and cardiac disease was the single largest cause. The major issues identified in care of women who died from an indirect cause was a lack of clarity about which medical professional should take responsibility for care and overall management. Under-reporting and misclassification result in underestimation of the rate of indirect maternal deaths in low- to middle-income countries. Causes of indirect death include a range of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and nutritional disorders. There has been evidence of a shift in incidence from direct to indirect maternal deaths in many low- to middle-income countries due to an increase in non-communicable diseases among women in the reproductive age. The gaps in care identified include poor access to health services, lack of healthcare providers, delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis and inadequate follow-up during the postnatal period. Irrespective of the significant gains made in reducing maternal mortality in many countries worldwide, there is evidence of a steady increase in the rate of indirect deaths due to pre-existing medical conditions. This heightens the need for research to generate evidence about the risk factors, management and outcomes of specific medical comorbidities during pregnancy in order to provide appropriate evidence-based multidisciplinary care across the entire pathway: pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy and delivery, and postpartum.

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