Common Bean Baked Snack Consumption Reduces Apolipoprotein B-100 Levels: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Snack alternatives based on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been developed to promote pulse consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, sensory acceptance and the effect of common bean baked snack (CBBS) consumption on blood lipid levels in participants with overweight and altered blood lipid levels. A sensory evaluation by 80 untrained judges was carried out using a hedonic scale. A randomized crossover 2 × 2 trial was performed, where 20 participants with overweight and one blood lipid alteration consumed 32 g of CBBS or did not consume it (control) for four weeks. Blood samples were taken to quantify the triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, ApoB-100, glucose and insulin. Furthermore, anthropometric, dietary and physical activity parameters were recorded. The overall acceptance of CBBS was similar compared to popcorn (p > 0.05). The consumption of CBBS reduced the apolipoprotein B-100 levels (p = 0.008). This reduction could be associated with the additional dietary fiber consumption during the CBBS period (p = 0.04). Although it did not improve any other blood lipid or glucose parameters (p > 0.05), it did not affect them either, which means that the CBBS could be consumed without compromising cardiovascular health.

Organoleptic Test of Boba Flour Substitution of Pumpkin Seeds High in Fiber and Protein

In 2013, the obesity rate in Indonesia for people over the age of 18 was 14.8 percent; by 2018, the obesity rate had risen to 21.8% (Riskesdas, 2018a). The significant number of fat people in Indonesia is caused by high sugar consumption and low fiber consumption regularly. One hundred grams of pumpkin seeds contain 6 grams of fiber, 30.23 grams of protein, 7.2 mg/100 zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytosterols (Nurhasim, Tamrin, and Wahab, 2017). The purpose of this study is to identify the panelists' level of preference for four formulations of pumpkin seed flour boba using assessment factors such as taste, color, texture, and aroma. The procedural model was used in this research and development. This development study utilizes an opinion-based process (Borg and Gall, 1984), which is then modified based on research needs. Organoleptic testing on boba products without added milk drinks on untrained panelists revealed a significant difference in color and texture parameters. There was no significant difference in panelist acceptability of aroma and taste characteristics. The findings of the untrained panelist's appraisal of boba added to a milk companion drink were then presented, revealing significant changes in the color and texture parameters. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant changes in the aroma and taste indices.

Ensilajes de triticale de alta humedad con aditivos químicos y biológicos: valores nutrimentales y comportamiento de ingesta en ovinos

Triticale high moisture grain triticale silage is an excellent option for ruminant diets, but loss control during its fermentation process should be further investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological additives on high moisture triticale silages under chemical-bromatological composition, aerobic stability, and in vivo digestibility and ingestive behavior in sheep. The treatments were: high moisture triticale silage without additive (HMTC); high moisture triticale silage with enzyme-bacterial inoculant (HMTEB); high moisture triticale silage with 0.5 % urea in natural matter (HMTU); and high moisture triticale silage with 1.5 % sodium benzoate in natural matter (HMTSB). Four sheep were housed in appropriate metabolic cages according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation. The addition of urea as additive to high moisture triticale silage provided an increase in crude protein and ammoniacal silage (189.7 and 106.2 g kg MS-1, respectively) but did not affect digestibility (699.6 g kg MS-1 for HMTU, with a general average of treatments of 687.5 g kg MS-1) and ingestive behavior of sheep. Fiber consumption by sheep increased with the addition of the enzyme-bacterial additive in the silage (431.87 versus 388.06 g d-1 of FDN for HMTEB and HMTC, respectively). All additives helped to preserve crude protein contents after silo opening, but none interfered in aerobic stability time of silage.

The influence of sitting work position and sitting time for the risk of hemorrhoid in female production workers at the hand-rolled cigarette factory

Introduction: According to medical check up results of the hand-rolled cigarette factory PT. X in 2018, a hemorrhoid prevalence of 33% was found. Several studies have tried to show an association between individual factors such as age, family history, constipation, obesity, pregnancy, fiber consumption, and defecation position in research subjects in clinics and hospitals. Nevertheless, the effects of sitting work position and sitting time on the risk of hemorrhoid is yet to be revealed. This study aims to prove the effect of these factors on the increased risk of hemorrhoids. Methods: An observational study with a 1:1 unmatched case control design with 300 female workers as subjects. The risk factors related with hemorrhoids were obtained from primary and secondary data. Cases were workers diagnosed with hemorrhoids and controls were workers who were not diagnosed with hemorrhoids during a medical check-up 2018. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The mean ages of the subjects were 42.49±3.05 years old (cases) and 42.83±3.02 years old (controls), with most education level was a junior high school in both groups. Bivariate analysis pointed out that sitting work position and sitting time did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of hemorrhoids. Meanwhile, consumption of less fruit (OR=3.84;95%CI 1.87-7.91) and less vegetable (OR=2.41;95%CI 1.36-4.28) increased the risk of hemorrhoid compared to sufficient vegetables and fruit consumption. Conclusion: Sitting work position and sitting time were not associated with an increased risk of hemorrhoids. Meanwhile, consumption of less vegetable and fruit increased the risk of hemorrhoids.

Microbiota responses to different prebiotics are conserved within individuals and associated with habitual fiber intake

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from gut bacteria are associated with protective roles in diseases ranging from obesity to colorectal cancers. Intake of microbially accessible dietary fibers (prebiotics) lead to varying effects on SCFA production in human studies, and gut microbial responses to nutritional interventions vary by individual. It is therefore possible that prebiotic therapies will require customizing to individuals. Results: Here, we explored prebiotic personalization by conducting a three-way crossover study of three prebiotic treatments in healthy adults. We found that within individuals, metabolic responses were correlated across the three prebiotics. Individual identity, rather than prebiotic choice, was also the major determinant of SCFA response. Across individuals, prebiotic response was inversely related to basal fecal SCFA concentration, which, in turn, was associated with habitual fiber intake. Experimental measures of gut microbial SCFA production for each participant also negatively correlated with fiber consumption, supporting a model in which individuals gut microbiota are limited in their overall capacity to produce fecal SCFAs from fiber. Conclusions: Our findings support developing personalized prebiotic regimens that focus on selecting individuals who stand to benefit, and that such individuals are likely to be deficient in fiber intake.

Characterization of the gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus II patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control

Objective The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control, and its relationship with fiber consumption. Results A total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled, of which 7 (26.9%) cases had adequate metabolic control (HbA1c < 7%) and 19 (73.1%) inadequate metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). It was observed that among patients with controlled T2DM, 2 (28.6%) cases presented good intake of fiber and 5 (71.4%) cases a regular intake. In contrast, in patients with uncontrolled T2DM, 13 (68.4%) patients reported a regular intake and 6 (31.6%) a poor intake. In relation to the identification of the gut microbiota, both groups presented a similar characterization. There were differences in the population of bacteria identified in both groups, however, the results were not statistically significant. The most frequently identified bacteria in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients were Prevotella (71.4% vs 52.6%), followed by Firmicutes (71.4% vs 42.1%), Proteobacteria (71.4% vs 36.8%) and Bacteroidetes (57.1% vs 37.8%). On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Actinobacteria were not identified in either of the two groups of study.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and nutritional profile in a health promotion service of Primary care

Objective: Describing the consumption of Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and their association with the nutritional profiles among users of a health promotion service in a Brazilian city. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Public health promotion service of Primary Health Care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants: 3372 participants Results: UPFs were found to contribute to 27.7% of the diet’s total energy. The highest consumption was associated with higher values for energy intake (1561,8 vs. 1331,8 kcal/d; p <0,01), energy density (1,7 vs. 1,4 kcal/g; p <0,01), total (32,5 vs. 27,3 %; p <0,01) and trans fats (2,1 vs. 1,2 %; p <0,01), and sodium (1001,6 vs. 758,9 mg/1000 kcal; p <0,01), and with lower values for proteins (14,9 vs. 19,6 %; p <0,01), mono-unsaturated fats (16,1 vs. 20,1%; p=0,02), omega-3 (0,9 vs. 1,1 %; p <0,01), and some vitamins and minerals when comparing individuals in the last quintile of energy contribution from UPFs in relation to the first one. The prevalence rate of nutrient inadequacy aimed at preventing NCDs increased between 30% and 100% when compared the values of the fifth to the first quintile of UPFs consumption(p<0,001). However, the participants had lower energy intake, energy density and sodium; and higher fiber consumption when compared to Brazilian population. Conclusions: Participants showed a high consumption of UPFs, but also positive diet characteristics when compared to the national data. The results suggest the importance of Health promotion services to promote healthy food and the need to include approaches to reduce UPFs consumption.

Drastic Effects on the Microbiome of a Young Rower Engaged in High-Endurance Exercise After a Month Usage of a Dietary Fiber Supplement

Food supplements are increasingly used worldwide. However, research on the efficacy of such supplements on athlete's well-being and optimal sports performance is very limited. This study performed in junior academic rowing explores the effects of nutritional supplements to aid to the high energy requirements at periods of intense exercise. Herein, the effects of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiome composition of an 18-year-old athlete exercising at high loads during an 8-month period in a “real-life” setting were examined using next-generation sequencing analysis. Results demonstrated that although the alpha diversity of the subject's microbiome drastically decreased [from 2.11 precompetition to 1.67 (p &lt; 0.05)] upon fiber consumption, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased significantly [from 3.11 to 4.55, as compared with population average (p &lt; 0.05)]. Underlying these macrolevel microbial alterations were demonstrable shifts from acetate- to butyrate-producing bacteria, although with stable effects on the Veillonella species. To our knowledge, this a unique study that shows pronounced changes in the gut microbiome of the young athlete at the competition season and their favorable compensation by the dietary fiber intake. The data here expand the overall understanding of how the high energy needs in high-intensity sports like academic rowing could be supported by dietary fiber supplement consumption.