Evidence-based ophthalmology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1129-1158
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Economics ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

‘Evidence-based ophthalmology’ introduces the reader to key concepts which support an evidence-based practice. Areas covered include study design, critical appraisal, hierarchical levels of evidence, clinical guidelines, Cochrane reviews, healthcare economics, investigations, and patient-reported outcomes. Additionally, there is an introduction to relevant statistical concepts, including common tests, relative risk, odds ratios, approaches to the 'two-eye problem', and Bayesian versus frequentist issues.

Evidence-based ophthalmology

2014 ◽  
pp. 1003-1026
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Economics ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

‘Evidence-based ophthalmology’ introduces the reader to key concepts which support an evidence-based practice. Areas covered include study design, critical appraisal, hierarchical levels of evidence, clinical guidelines, Cochrane reviews, healthcare economics, investigations and patient reported outcomes. Additionally there is an introduction to relevant statistical concepts including common tests, relative risk, odds ratios, approaches to the ‘two-eye problem’ and Bayesian vs frequentist issues.

Evidence-based medicine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and clinical pharmacy 126Statistical versus clinical significance 128Odds ratios and relative risk 130Binary and continuous data 132L’Abbé plots 133Mean difference and standardized mean difference 134Assessing the quality of randomized studies 136Critical appraisal of systematic reviews ...

scholarly journals Introducing evidence based public health practice through a journal club for public health officers in Somaliland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibril I. M. Handuleh ◽  
Abdirahman A. Sulleiman ◽  
Yusuf S. Yusuf ◽  
Hayat Mohamed ◽  
Daniel Fekadu Wolde-Giorgis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Journal Clubs

Evidence based public health is one of the basic training tools of public health students and young officers in decision making. The training tools for early career specialists and trainees in public health is journal clubs (JC). It keeps the knowledge of professionals up to date and assist them in receiving information to design, plan, implement health care services, policies and strategies. The intention of the JC team was to raise awareness of methods for public health literature search, appraising it and applying this knowledge in their daily practices. A senior public health practitioner in Somaliland (the corresponding author) invited medical students and residents to have JCs as a part of their training. They did not accept the offer so the organizer invited practicing junior public health professionals instead. The JC team members were a general practitioner and 3 public health workers from Ministry of Health, public hospital physician, public health school and field public health officer. A weekly or twice weekly journal club took place to train them in critical appraisal. This continued for 15 months in a hybrid mentorship for the health care professionals. The team mentor selected a paper for discussion. Mentees choose a study design appraisal tool from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) that matched the study to present. In the process of appraisal, a team member led the discussion using the checklist. The mentees presented their critical appraisal either orally or via a presentation. The checklist and paper were compared for assessing the study design and structure of the paper of the week. This approach of empowering junior public health officers in Somalia is a way forward for encouraging the professionals to use evidence based practice in their daily practices. This will improve their selection of research tools and translating the scientific work into their practice and services.

scholarly journals How to appraise clinical guidelines

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-761
Author(s):  
James P. Warner ◽  
Robert Blizard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Aims and methodWe critically appraised clinical guidelines for the use of antidepressants, using an evidence-based approach.ResultsWe were unable to identify recent guidelines. The appraisal tool we used failed to identify some of the difficulties now apparent when considering the validity and utility of guidelines.Clinical implicationsCritical appraisal tools are useful in providing a framework for assessing published material, but run the risk of blinding us with their simplicity.

Critical appraisal of diagnostic studies in nuclear medicine

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Eilles ◽  
J. Marienhagen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Information Bias ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Summary:The conceptual ideas of evidence based critical appraisal of diagnostic studies are described in this survey. In this context special attention is given to biases in study design such as verification- as well as information-bias limiting the validity of diagnostic studies. The practice of critical appraisal is demonstrated in an application to an example of a nuclear medicine scenario. The impact of evidence based medicine on nuclear medicine as a diagnostic discipline is discussed in detail.

What is Evidence-Based Practice?

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Clare Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

Evidence-based practice are the buzz words of current health care. This article explores what evidence-based practice actually means for occupational therapists. Evidence-based practice has two strands. The first strand involves using the best available evidence as part of the clinical decision-making process. The second strand involves drawing the evidence together in the form of systematic reviews. These reviews may then be used to help inform the development of clinical guidelines. This article outlines and discusses both strands of evidence-based practice and the relevance of each strand to practising occupational therapists. It explores how therapists can locate, evaluate and use evidence to inform their practice. The article focuses particularly on the development of critical appraisal skills. The role of systematic reviews and the relevance of clinical guidelines for occupational therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals How much do we trust randomised clinical trials, and related guidelines for disease management? A critical appraisal

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Based Medicine

In the “era” of evidence-based medicine it is now well appreciated that systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials are more powerful than other designs in their ability to answer research questions regarding the effectiveness of interventions. In this paper a critical appraisal is made regarding the validity of clinical trials and their role in formulating clinical guidelines.

Evidence-Based Social Sciences: A New Emerging Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Nazila Zarghi ◽  
Soheil Dastmalchian Khorasani
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Academic Area ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Evidence based social sciences, is one of the state-of- the-art area in this field. It is making decisions on the basis of conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the best available evidence from multiple sources. It also could be conducive to evidence based social work, i.e a kind of evidence based practice in some extent. In this new emerging field, the research findings help social workers in different levels of social sciences such as policy making, management, academic area, education, and social settings, etc.When using research in real setting, it is necessary to do critical appraisal, not only for trustingon internal validity or rigor methodology of the paper, but also for knowing in what extent research findings could be applied in real setting. Undoubtedly, the latter it is a kind of subjective judgment. As social sciences findings are highly context bound, it is necessary to pay more attention to this area. The present paper tries to introduce firstly evidence based social sciences and its importance and then propose criteria for critical appraisal of research findings for application in society.

scholarly journals Effect of routinely assessing and addressing depression and diabetes distress using patient-reported outcome measures in improving outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044888
Author(s):  
Rita McMorrow ◽  
Barbara Hunter ◽  
Christel Hendrieckx ◽  
Dominika Kwasnicka ◽  
Leanne Cussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Patient Reported

IntroductionType 2 diabetes is a global health priority. People with diabetes are more likely to experience mental health problems relative to people without diabetes. Diabetes guidelines recommend assessment of depression and diabetes distress during diabetes care. This systematic review will examine the effect of routinely assessing and addressing depression and diabetes distress using patient-reported outcome measures in improving outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycInfo, The Cochrane Library and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched using a prespecified strategy using a prespecified Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Setting and study design strategy. The date range of the search of all databases will be from inception to 3 August 2020. Randomised controlled trials, interrupted time-series studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies and analytical cross-sectional studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language will be included. Two review authors will independently screen abstracts and full texts with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer, if required, using Covidence software. Two reviewers will undertake risk of bias assessment using checklists appropriate to study design. Data will be extracted using prespecified template. A narrative synthesis will be conducted, with a meta-analysis, if appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this review of published studies. Presentation of results will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200246.

scholarly journals Critical appraisal and meta-analysis of biological variation studies on glycosylated albumin, glucose and HbA1c

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ricós ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Calle ◽  
Elisabet Gonzalez-Lao ◽  
Margarida Simón ◽  
Jorge Díaz-Garzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Variation Data ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Systematic Literature Searches

AbstractObjectivesNumerous biological variation (BV) studies have been performed over the years, but the quality of these studies vary. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review and critical appraisal of BV studies on glycosylated albumin and to deliver updated BV estimates for glucose and HbA1c, including recently published high-quality studies such as the European Biological Variation study (EuBIVAS).MethodsSystematic literature searches were performed to identify BV studies. Nine publications not included in a previous review were identified; four for glycosylated albumin, three for glucose, and three for HbA1c. Relevant studies were appraised by the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC). Global BV estimates were derived by meta-analysis of BIVAC-compliant studies in healthy subjects with similar study design.ResultsOne study received BIVAC grade A, 2B, and 6C. In most cases, the C-grade was associated with deficiencies in statistical analysis. BV estimates for glycosylated albumin were: CVI=1.4% (1.2–2.1) and CVG=5.7% (4.7–10.6), whereas estimates for HbA1c, CVI=1.2% (0.3–2.5), CVG=5.4% (3.3–7.3), and glucose, CVI=5.0% (4.1–12.0), CVG=8.1% (2.7–10.8) did not differ from previously published global estimates.ConclusionsThe critical appraisal and rating of BV studies according to their methodological quality, followed by a meta-analysis, generate robust, and reliable BV estimates. This study delivers updated and evidence-based BV estimates for glycosylated albumin, glucose and HbA1c.

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