Poisoning and envenoming

2021 ◽  
pp. 813-838
Author(s):  
Michael Eddleston ◽  
David Warrell
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Spider Bite ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Acute poisoning?, Acute pesticide poisoning?, Organophosphates/carbamates?, Acute poisoning with pharmaceuticals/chemicals?, Mushroom poisoning?, Methanol poisoning?, Fish and shellfish poisoning?, Snake bite?, Scorpion sting?, Spider bite?, Fish stings?, Jelly fish stings?

scholarly journals Pesticide Poisoning among All Poisoning Cases Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Shah ◽  
Sidarth Timsinha ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Introduction: Acute pesticide poisoning is a significant global public health issue that contributes to one of the leading causes of emergency department visits. There is no national data on the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning or the pesticides that cause deaths. The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of pesticide poisoning among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study undertaken in a tertiary care hospital from April to September 2021 among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Ethical clearance was obtained from (reference number: 123/2077-78). Convenient sampling was done. Sociodemographic factors, types of poison consumed, route of consumption, reason, motive, and place of poison intake, time elapse in the presentation to the hospital were studied along with psychological factors associated with poisoning. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 85 cases studied, the prevalence of pesticide poisoning was 60 (70.58%) (61.28-79.88 at 90% Confidence Interval). Insecticides 41 (68.33%) was mainly responsible for poisoning with organophosphate compounds 33 (42.30%), being the commonest chemical constituent. Fifty-three (88.33 %) incidents occurred at home. Domestic disputes 26 (43.33%) were the main reason behind poison consumption and suicide 43 (71.66%) was the main motive. Conclusions: The prevalence of pesticide poisoning among all cases of poisoning presenting to the emergency department was slightly higher than studies done earlier in similar settings.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF ACUTE PESTICIDE POISONINGS OF AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW BUSINESS PATTERNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1086
Author(s):  
Mykola H. Prodanchuk ◽  
Galyna M. Balan ◽  
Nataliia M. Bubalo ◽  
Petro H. Zhminko ◽  
Oleksandr A. Kharchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
New Business ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Introduction: Due to introduction of new forms of agriculture and transformation of the treatment and preventive service in recent years, there has been a false impression of a sharp decrease in the level of occupational morbidity among agricultural workers 30 % to 25 % in the structure of general occupational morbidity in the 80–90s down to 0.2-0.4 %. The aim: Summarize data on the prevalence, causes, structure of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers at the current stages of its reform in order to improve preventive measures. Materials and methods: Data on the prevalence, causes and structure of 647 cases of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers over the past 25 years have been summarized; staff of the Scientific Toxicology Center took part in the sanitary-hygienic investigation and establishment of the diagnosis. Results: The causes for the development, aetiology and structure of 647 cases of acute pesticide poisoning, among which 522 cases of acute poisoning of field beet growers with 2,4-D-based herbicides (80.7 %), 60 cases (9.3 %) of OPC poisoning, 36 cases of beet growers poisoning with sulphonylurea-based herbicides, 14 patients with acute synthetic pyrethroid poisoning, and isolated cases (15 patients) of intoxication with aluminium phosphide, dithiocarbamates, Vitavax, and Fipronil were analysed. Conclusions: Analysis of the causes of the development and structure of poisoning has allowed to optimize the complex of preventive measures to strengthen sanitary control over the implementation of individual and public safety hygienic regulations during storage and use of pesticides.

FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERACUNAN AKUT PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA PADA PETANI DI DESA PONORAGAN KECAMATAN LOA KULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Dina Lusiana S
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
District Health Office ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Acute pesticide poisoning resulting from the use of pesticides that enter the body. Ponoragan village, is an agricultural area so that the majority of the population worked as farmers who have suffered acute poisoning risks resulting from the use of pesticides. Cholinesterase examination results by the District Health Office Kutai is obtained from 223 farmers who checked there are 100 farmers who suffered acute poisoning due to exposure to pesticides. Improper use of pesticides will cause acute poisoning among farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship PPE use, work of service, and duration of exposure and acute poisoning pesticide on farmers in the Ponoragan. This type of research is analytic survey with cross sectional approach. Collecting data using by a questionnaire with a sample of 69 people. The results showed that there was no relationship between duration of exposure (p = 0.290) with acute pesticide poisoning. There was a relationship between of work of service (p = 0.025), the use of PPE (p = 0.052) and acute pesticide poisoning.

scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning: Review of Patients Attending at Emergency Department in Chitwan Medical College

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Ram Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

To find out the hospital based incidence, pattern and fatality of acute pesticide poisoning which may be helpful to develop better management strategy and preventive campaign. A total of 88 patients were reported in emergency with acute pesticide poisoning out of 178 total acute poisoning cases resulting in APP rate 49.43% of total poisoning cases. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.5. The age group specific incidence of acute poisoning showed 7.95% in 0-14 years, 45.55% in 15-29 years 30.68% in 30-44 years and 12.50% in 45-59 years and3.40% in 60 years and above. Out of 88 patients 79.55% admitted,20.45% of patient status was unknown as these patients were referred or refused admission. lost follow up .Among admitted patients 8.57% died and 91.43% dischared from hospital. Maximum case fatality ratio (28.57%) was due to endosulfan poisoning. Pesticide is responsible in 49.43% of all poisoning patients visiting to emergency department with the mortality of 6.80% among pesticide poisoning, Women have high morbidity but man predominantly exceeds on mortality rate.. Highest case fatality observed among the endosufan exposed group. How patients are getting such toxic poisons and why these victims are being exposed needs further study. Emphasis on case management and preventive campaigns would have some impact in reducing morbidity and mortality from acute pesticide poisoning. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 62-64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8469

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and treatment of mixed-pesticide poisoning in a patient: reflections on a particular case

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052097739
Author(s):  
Yiming Tao ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Jie Han ◽  
Xiangdong Jian ◽  
Baotian Kan
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Methods Of Suicide ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Careful Physical Examination

Patients who commit suicide often deliberately hide their medical history. Given that taking pesticides is one of the most common methods of suicide, other forms of poisoning may be neglected in clinical practice. We report here a case of mixed-pesticide poisoning. The patient was poisoned by oral administration of a coumarin rodenticide in combination with an intramuscular injection of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide. The patient was treated with vitamin K1, cholinesterase reactivators, atropine, ventilator-assisted ventilation, and bedside debridement. Her condition gradually stabilized and she eventually recovered and was discharged. Assessment of the causes of delayed diagnosis and treatment suggests that we need to improve early detection and treatment of acute poisoning. It is especially important to ask about the patient’s medical history, conduct a careful physical examination, and track the clinical symptoms and differential diagnosis of common poisoning. In addition to the three common routes of poisoning—oral, inhalation, and cutaneous mucosal contact—intramuscular injection of OP can also lead to severe poisoning, which manifests as respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Pesticide Use and Self-Reported Symptoms of Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Aquatic Farmers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Klith Jensen ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Erik Jørs ◽  
Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Organophosphates and carbamates (OPs/CMs) are known for their acetylcholinesterase inhibiting character. A cross-sectional study of pesticide handling practices and self-perceived symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews with 89 pesticide sprayers in Boeung Cheung Ek (BCE) Lake, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The study showed that 50% of the pesticides used belonged to WHO class I + II and personal protection among the farmers were inadequate. A majority of the farmers (88%) had experienced symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning, and this was significantly associated with the number of hours spent spraying with OPs/CMs (OR = 1.14, CI 95%: 1.02–1.28). The higher educated farmers reduced their risk of poisoning by 55% for each extra personal protective measure they adapted (OR = 0.45, CI 95%: 0.22–0.91). These findings suggest that improving safe pesticide management practices among the farmers and enforcing the effective banning of the most toxic pesticides will considerably reduce the number of acute pesticide poisoning episodes.

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