TENS for pain management

Mapping Intimacies â—½  
2014 â—½  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation â—½  
Pain Management â—½  
Pain Relief â—½  
Positive Response â—½  
Emotional Experience â—½  
Tertiary Care â—½  
Medical Attention â—½  
Short Term â—½  
Over Time

Pain is a sensory and emotional experience often related to tissue damage. Pain requiring medical attention is common, with pain assessment and management often challenging. TENS is offered within primary, secondary, and tertiary care settings because it has a favourable utility profile compared with pain-relieving medication. Evidence suggests that most individuals who try TENS report meaningful pain relief in the short-term, but this positive response declines over time. The purpose of this chapter is to contextualise the role of TENS in the management of pain by covering what pain is, the challenges faced in its management, the physiology of the nociceptive system, including states of sensitivity, electrophysical techniques for pain and rehabilitation, including invasive electrical stimulation techniques, the extent of use of TENS, and some discussion of the clinical experience of using TENS.

scholarly journals Comparative Study in the Management of Postoperative Pain with High Dose Intravenous Paracetamol versus Tramadol

2021 â—½  
Vol 5 (4) â—½  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tanudeep Kaur â—½  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management â—½  
Side Effects â—½  
Postoperative Pain â—½  
Pain Relief â—½  
Emotional Experience â—½  
Postoperative Pain Management â—½  
Economic Benefits â—½  
High Dose â—½  
Postoperative Patient â—½  
Intravenous Paracetamol

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience causing agony and several side effects in a postoperative patient. Thus effective postoperative pain management has a humanitarian role with additional medical and economic benefits Paracetamol (PCM) has been widely used as an effective analgesic and antipyretic for over a century with an established safety profile, and Tramadol is a commonly used intravenous drug for postoperative pain relief.

Radiofrequency ablation of the sacroiliac joint

2021 â—½  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Haider M. Ali â—½  
Yashar Eshraghi â—½  
Maged Guirguis
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation â—½  
Pain Management â—½  
Pain Relief â—½  
Sacroiliac Joint â—½  
Joint Pain â—½  
Positive Response â—½  
Lateral Branch â—½  
Tissue Destruction â—½  
Sacroiliac Joint Pain â—½  
Pain Syndromes

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a revolutionary procedure in the practice of pain management that can be used in the treatment of sacroiliac joint pain syndromes. It is a technology that uses radiofrequency needle probes to create lesions by way of localized tissue destruction. It is indicated for patients with chronic sacroiliac joint pain who have had a positive response to a lateral branch block. This procedure typically provides at least 6 and up to 12 months of significant pain relief and can be repeated. Practitioners should be well versed in the different evolving methods for RFA as well as its evidence, relevant anatomy, the technology used in RFA, and the complications that may occur with this procedure and how to prevent them. This chapter explores these principles and presents the relevant findings from the literature for this innovative procedure for sacroiliac joint pain.

scholarly journals Adding Bricks to Clicks: On the Role of Physical Stores in a World of Online Shopping

2013 â—½  
Vol 5 (2) â—½  
pp. 28-33 â—½  
Author(s):  
Jill Avery â—½  
Thomas J. Steenburgh â—½  
John Deighton â—½  
Mary Caravella
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping â—½  
Negative Effects â—½  
Short Term â—½  
Home Furnishings â—½  
Online Sales â—½  
Brick And Mortar â—½  
Channel Effects â—½  
Over Time

Abstract E-commerce is gaining ground and leaving the role of traditional brick-and-mortar stores open to question. With this in mind, a team of researchers performed a case study to determine what effects the store openings of one multichannel retailer of fashion, home furnishings and high-end accessories would have on its catalog and online sales. The opening of brick-and-mortar stores had positive and negative effects for the retailer, but complementary consequences clearly outweighed sales drops in individual channels: In the short term, only catalog sales declined slightly. But over time, both the catalog and online channels increasingly benefited from the presence of the new brick-and-mortar stores. Within 79 months, catalog sales recovered to a level that would have been expected had the store never opened and subsequently continued growing more than in a sample without new stores. An enhanced understanding of both positive and negative cross-channel effects helps retailers better anticipate and respond to changes in sales in existing channels when a new one is added. It is the basis for strategically managing a company’s channels as a portfolio rather than as separate entities.

scholarly journals Cultural and Artistic Journals in Circumstances of Independent Ukraine

2019 â—½  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Petro Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
General Concept â—½  
Short Term â—½  
Artistic Process â—½  
Typical Situation â—½  
Important Material â—½  
National Characteristics â—½  
The World â—½  
History Of â—½  
Over Time

During the years of independence the diversity in the opinions on many important issues – the role of an artist and art in the world, the solution of the crucial contemporary problems, the understanding of the national characteristics – became particularly acute. This contributed to the revival of some old journals and creation of many new ones. Unfortunately, today’s typical situation with an extravagant appearance of the next new edition and its short-term existence is reminiscent of the events that took place nearly hundred years ago. Numerous periodicals were born at that time and then quickly disappeared and went into oblivion. Over time, when it turned out that outstanding, though hidden from public, artists worked on their design and artistically determined the era, many journal covers were at last evaluated as achievement of Ukrainian art. However, the modern authors of the covers and the general concept of numerous journals remain on the margins of the artistic process as well. As a consequence, the question arises: do we really have to wait decades to properly evaluate their high art? Despite the short age, artistic and other journals added a bright page in the cultural and educational life of independent Ukraine. They objectively covered the achievements of Ukrainian artists and will serve as an important material for further research on the history of the Ukrainian art. A skillfully designed logo accompanied by a well-chosen and composed work of art or its fragment became a true decoration of contemporary journals. In this regard, the author of the paper considers the artistic designs of the covers used in Kyiv journals (from 1980s up to now) and identifies the best masters working in this field. Attention is paid to the time and circumstances of their release, the coordinated work of the authors and editors, the purposes and tasks of the editions. The important role of periodicals in the artistic and educational life of independent Ukraine is highlighted.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exploitation and Exploration on Export Sales Growth: The Moderating Role of Domestic and International Collaborations

2020 â—½  
Vol 28 (4) â—½  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Carlos M.P. Sousa â—½  
Rebecca Yu Li â—½  
Xinming He
Keyword(s):  
Time Lags â—½  
Sales Growth â—½  
Short Term â—½  
International Collaborations â—½  
Exploitation And Exploration â—½  
The Impact â—½  
Moderating Role â—½  
Over Time

This study examines the short- and long-term implications of the impact of exploitation and exploration on export sales growth. It also explores the moderating role of external collaborations by differentiating between domestic collaborations and international collaborations. The authors tested their conceptual model with data from the U.K. Community Innovation Survey (2010–2016). Using different time lags for exploitation and exploration, the findings indicate that the impact varies over time. Specifically, they reveal that the effect of exploitation is negative in the long term but positive in the short term, while exploration has no significant effect in the short term but a positive influence on export sales growth in the long term. Similarly, the moderating effect of domestic and international collaborations has been found to vary over time. The authors conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications.

Introduction to complementary and alternative pain management in canines

2020 â—½  
Vol 11 (6) â—½  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Brianna Summers
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation â—½  
Pain Management â—½  
Pain Relief â—½  
Pain Control â—½  
Chronic Conditions â—½  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation â—½  
Electro Magnetic Field â—½  
Pain Medications â—½  
Oral Pain â—½  
Electro Magnetic

Pain management can easily be overlooked in the overall care of canine patients. Often, oral pain medications are the only means of pain control provided to clients. There are several other options for pain managements in canine patients. There are many benefits to adding additional modes of pain relief to the patient's care regimen, whether they have chronic conditions such as arthritis or a neurological disease, or are recovering from a procedure. Pain control therapies such as: therapeutic laser, targeted pulsed electro magnetic field technology, ultrasound, acupuncture, and massage and passive range of motion combined or individually, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation, can benefit canine patients greatly in their pain management needs. All of these pain therapies provide unique modes of pain relief in the patient's body.

scholarly journals The Association Between Normative Beliefs Approving Aggression and Overt Aggressive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

2019 â—½  
Vol 40 (4) â—½  
pp. 480-498
Author(s):  
Ba Tuan Vu â—½  
Martijn Van Heel â—½  
Katja Petry â—½  
Guy Bosmans
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study â—½  
Aggressive Behavior â—½  
School Violence â—½  
Longitudinal Design â—½  
Self Report â—½  
Panel Analysis â—½  
Normative Beliefs â—½  
Short Term â—½  
Over Time

In Vietnam, school violence is a serious problem; yet, little is known about the factors explaining this phenomenon. The current study looked at the role of normative beliefs approving aggression in the development of overt aggressive behavior. Using a short-term longitudinal design with three waves (4-month interval), this study examined the associations between normative beliefs approving aggression and overt aggressive behavior in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. The sample included 632 participants at Wave 1 (51.4% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.00 years, SD = 0.85 years), 567 participants at Wave 2 (50.8% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.36 years, SD = 0.90 years), and 530 participants at Wave 3 (49.8% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.62 years, SD = 0.87 years). All variables were measured using a self-report questionnaire. Within waves, normative beliefs approving aggression were positively related to overt aggressive behavior. More importantly, cross-lagged panel analysis revealed that the normative beliefs predicted increases in overt aggressive behavior over time.

scholarly journals Role of hysterolaparoscopy for the evaluation of primary infertility: An experience from a tertiary care hospital

2017 â—½  
Vol 6 (8) â—½  
pp. 3473
Author(s):  
Benudhar Pande â—½  
Santosh Kumar Dora â—½  
Sharmila Pradhan â—½  
Bhawana Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care â—½  
Study Patient â—½  
Medical Attention â—½  
Care Hospital â—½  
Women Patients â—½  
Primary Infertility â—½  
Pertinent Data â—½  
Tubal Blockage â—½  
Uterine Septum

Background: Infertility is one of the most common problem for which couple seeks medical attention. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of primary infertility patients.Methods: For this retrospective study, patient with the diagnosis of primary infertility were recruited. Patients admitted between the periods 2014 to 2016 were included. Pertinent data related to infertility were collected from the case records and entered in predesigned performa.Results: Patients with primary infertility 246 (82%) diagnosed to have pelvic pathology. The most common cause of infertility was ovarian 122 (36.63%), Uterine 66 (19.82%), tubal 84 (25.22%) and unexplained infertility in 103 (30.93%) women. Patients with PCOS 76 (22.82%) and endometriosis 46 (13.81%) treated with drilling and endometriotic cystectomy. In 32 (9.60%) of patients hysteroscopic cannulation was done. For distal tubal blockage fimbrioplasty was performed in 38 (11.41%) of women. Pelvic adhesions diagnosed in 26 (7.80%) women. patients diagnosed with uterine septum 42 (12.61%) required hysteroscopic septal resection. During the evaluation of infertility 70 (21%) of women diagnosed to have incidental pelvic pathology treated according to pathology.Conclusions: Hysterolaparoscopy is emerging as a valuable technique for complete assessment of female infertility and also helps in treatment according to the cause.

scholarly journals PL002: A randomized controlled trial on oral analgesic utilization for children presenting with a musculoskeletal trauma in the emergency department

CJEM â—½  
10.1017/cem.2016.35 â—½  
2016 â—½  
Vol 18 (S1) â—½  
pp. S29-S29
Author(s):  
S. Le May â—½  
S. Ali â—½  
A. Plint â—½  
B. Mâsse â—½  
G. Neto â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department â—½  
Placebo Group â—½  
Pain Management â—½  
Pain Relief â—½  
Pain Score â—½  
Tertiary Care â—½  
Single Agent â—½  
Oral Morphine â—½  
Pain Intensity Score â—½  
Mild Pain

Introduction: Background: A single-agent approach to children’s moderate to severe pain is often inadequate. To date, no studies have evaluated the combined use of oral morphine and ibuprofen for optimal pain management of children presenting to an Emergency Department (ED) for musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma. Objective: To assess the efficacy of a combination of oral morphine and ibuprofen for pain management in children with MSK trauma in the ED. Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centered, three-arm, randomized clinical trial of 500 patients was conducted at three pediatric tertiary care EDs. Patients 6 to 17 years of age, who presented to the ED with a MSK trauma, and a score >30 mm on the 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale were eligible to participate. Patients were randomized (in a 2:1:1 ratio) to receive (orally): (a) morphine (0.2mg/kg) + ibuprofen (10mg/kg) (Group MOR + IBU) or (b) morphine (0.2 mg/kg) + placebo (Group MOR) or (c) ibuprofen (10mg/kg) + placebo (Group IBU). Primary outcome was pain intensity score under 30 mm (mild pain) at 60-minutes (T-60) after treatment administration. Results: A total of 456 patients were included in analyses: 177 (MOR + IBU), 188 (MOR), 91 (IBU). Mean age was 11.9 + 2.7 years, with a majority of boys (55.3%) and soft tissue injuries (62%). There were no differences in baseline characteristics in the three groups. Baseline mean pain score was 60.9 + 16.2 mm. Only 30% (MOR + IBU), 29% (MOR) and 30% (IBU) of patients reached a pain score under 30 mm at T-60 (p=0.83). Mean pain scores at T-60 were 42.3 + 23.2 mm (MOR + IBU), 43.8 + 23.1 mm (MOR) and 42.3 + 23.3 mm (IBU) (p=0.83). No severe adverse events were observed in any of the groups, at any of the study measurement points. Conclusion: Combination of morphine with ibuprofen did not provide any additional pain relief for children with MSK injuries, in the ED. None of the study medication provided optimal pain management, as the majority of children did not reach the WHO definition of mild pain. Alternative analgesic combinations should be investigated to optimize pain relief of children who present to the ED with MSK injuries.

scholarly journals Role of optogenetics in pain management

2020 â—½  
Vol 11 (SPL3) â—½  
pp. 1385-1388
Author(s):  
Hemanth Ragav N V â—½  
Jeevitha M â—½  
Archana Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain â—½  
Electrical Stimulation â—½  
Pain Management â—½  
Side Effects â—½  
Optical Monitoring â—½  
Biochemical Pathways â—½  
Alternative Approach â—½  
Biological Technique â—½  
And Control

Optogenetics is a biological technique that involves the use of light to control genetically modified neurons to express the channels of light-sensitive Ions. Optogenetics can also be referred to as Optical monitoring of neuronal activity in non-neuronal cells, and control of biochemical pathways. Optogenetics is less invasive than electrical stimulation response time in optogenetics is comparatively faster than other treatments. Chronic pain affects one-third of the population, and current treatments cause limited relief and serious side effects. An alternative approach to pain reduction would be the direct modulation of somatosensory pathways using optogenetics. Optogenetic treatment can be a very effective way to relieve chronic pain while avoiding conventional pain medicine's side effects. The use of optogenetics in pain management has greatly accelerated over the last decade. This review discusses the versatility of different optogenetic tools and its effective applications in the field of medicine.

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