Extreme Thoracic Biopsies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Derry ◽  
Scott Genshaft
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Modern Imaging ◽  
Interventional Devices ◽  
Bronchoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Transthoracic Biopsy ◽  
Almost All

Percutaneous transthoracic biopsy is a commonly used procedure in the diagnosis of intrathoracic pathology. With modern imaging and interventional devices, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy allows access to locations inaccessible by mediastinoscopy or bronchoscopic biopsy. This chapter presents tips for performing successful percutaneous biopsy of lesions in precarious intrathoracic locations. The practices highlighted should help maximize the chances for a successful tissue yield while minimizing the rate of biopsy-associated complications. Mediastinal, hilar, and juxtapleural lesions present anatomic challenges that can decrease the chance of safely obtaining tissue and increase complication rates. The use of techniques to displace injury-prone anatomical structures and to open access windows can allow the interventionalist to obtain diagnostic tissue samples from almost all intrathoracic locations. A well-planned approach is the most important factor in maximizing yield and preventing complications.

Natural History Wet Collections: Observations on PH Readings from the Use of Different Ethanol and Label Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ximo Mengual ◽  
France Gimnich ◽  
Hannah Petersen ◽  
Jonas J. Astrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Fluid Preservation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We examined the effects of different types of specimen labels and tags on pH of different concentrations of ethanol typically used for fluid preservation in natural history collections. Labels were immersed in three different concentrations of ethanol, 96% pure undenatured ethanol (EtOH), 96% EtOH denatured with methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK), and 99.8% pure undenatured EtOH, with or without the presence of insect specimens, and the solutions were evaluated after 26 months for changes over time in pH reading. In general, pH readings of all label trials with 96% and 99.8% ethanol increased over time, except for trials of denatured alcohol, which demonstrated lower pH readings in almost all treatments, regardless of label type. Samples that contained labels with ordinary, nonstandardized, not explicitly acid-free printing paper had higher pH readings compared after the trial. Our observations are a good starting point for further experiments to answer research questions related to chemical interactions with labels in ethanol-preserved specimens, including tissue samples for molecular analyses, which can guide collection staff in their daily work.

scholarly journals The Natural Historian's Guide to the CT Galaxy: Step-by-Step Instructions for Preparing and Analyzing Computed Tomographic (CT) Data Using Cross-Platform, Open Access Software

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Buser ◽  
O F Boyd ◽  
Á Cortés ◽  
C M Donatelli ◽  
M A Kolmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Ct Data

Synopsis The decreasing cost of acquiring computed tomographic (CT) data has fueled a global effort to digitize the anatomy of museum specimens. This effort has produced a wealth of open access digital three-dimensional (3D) models of anatomy available to anyone with access to the Internet. The potential applications of these data are broad, ranging from 3D printing for purely educational purposes to the development of highly advanced biomechanical models of anatomical structures. However, while virtually anyone can access these digital data, relatively few have the training to easily derive a desirable product (e.g., a 3D visualization of an anatomical structure) from them. Here, we present a workflow based on free, open source, cross-platform software for processing CT data. We provide step-by-step instructions that start with acquiring CT data from a new reconstruction or an open access repository, and progress through visualizing, measuring, landmarking, and constructing digital 3D models of anatomical structures. We also include instructions for digital dissection, data reduction, and exporting data for use in downstream applications such as 3D printing. Finally, we provide Supplementary Videos and workflows that demonstrate how the workflow facilitates five specific applications: measuring functional traits associated with feeding, digitally isolating anatomical structures, isolating regions of interest using semi-automated segmentation, collecting data with simple visual tools, and reducing file size and converting file type of a 3D model.

Using a model-of-models approach and remote sensing technologies to improve flood disaster alerting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy J.-P. Schumann ◽  
Margaret Glasscoe ◽  
Douglas Bausch ◽  
Marlon Pierce ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Almost All

<p>Floods are happening regularly in almost all places of the world and impact people, societies and economies, causing widespread devastation that can be hard to recover from. Yet, accurately predicting and alerting for floods is challenging, primarily since flood events are very local in nature and processes causing a flood can be very complex. In an era of open-access geospatial data proliferation as well as data and model interoperability, it makes sense to leverage on existing data and models, many of which are underutilized by decision-making applications. Thus, the objective of the project is to develop an open-access rapid alerting and severity assessment component for global flooding based on existing models and observation data sources. We do this within the DisasterAWARE platform of the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC).</p><p>This paper will outline the proposed concept of model-of-models that will leverage existing flood-hazard modeling capabilities, illustrating products that we will leverage, such as: GLOFAS (Global Flood Forecasting Feeds) probabilistic hydrologic data, IMERG (The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) observed precipitation grids, GDACS (Global Disaster Alerting Coordination System) anomaly points, GFMS (Global Flood Monitoring System) depth above baseline grids, the NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Dartmouth Observatory flood maps, as well as new models as they are developed. We will further combine the flood hazard data with existing exposure data to estimate property loss using a probabilistic fragility approach. With the use of an end-to-end deep learning framework, structural damage will be detected using different remote sensing data. The approach will further incorporate other, non-routinely-generated remotely-sensed products for ground-truthing for areas and events where and when such products are available.</p><p>The existing resilience and capacity of communities to rapidly respond to and recover from flood impacts will be incorporated into the severity determination on an administrative area and watershed risk basis. This model-of-models approach will leverage major efforts, improve reliability and reduce false triggers by ensuring two or more models agree.</p>

scholarly journals An Observational Study of Peripherally Inserted Central Cather(PICC)-Related Complications Amongst Oncology Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Fairhall
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Christchurch Hospital ◽  
Regional Cancer Centre ◽  
Almost All

<p>This thesis reports on a retrospective observational study that examined the complication rate of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) within a regional cancer centre. PICCs are increasingly used for delivery of chemotherapy and other intravenous therapies in oncology patients. A literature review revealed that almost all published research on PICC complications reported on silicone (Groshong(TM)) catheter use, rather than the polyurethane (Arrow(TM)) PICCs used at Christchurch Hospital. Also, much literature referred to PICCs being inserted by non-nurses, whereas the Christchurch service uses specially-trained nurses to insert them. The purpose of the study was to identify the nature, incidence and rates of polyurethane (Arrow(TM)) PICC complications in an adult oncology cohort. Ethics Committee approval was gained to retrospectively follow all PICCs inserted in adult oncology patients at Christchurch Hospital over a 13-month period from 1st March 2006 until 31st March 2007. Data collected were analysed utilising the statistical computer package SPSS. One hundred and sixty-four PICCs were inserted into 156 individual oncology patients over this period. The median dwell time was 68 days (range 6-412, IQR 39-126) for a total of 14,276 catheter-days. Complications occurred in 25 (15%) out of 164 PICC lines, in 22 (15%) of the 156 patients for an overall complication rate of 1.75 per 1000 catheter-days. However, only 16 of the 25 PICCs with complications required early removal (9.75% of the cohort) for a favourably low serious complication rate of 1.12 per 1000 catheter-days. The three commonest complications were infection at 4.3% (7/164) or 0.49 infection complications/1000 PICC-days, PICC migration at 3% (5/164) or 0.35/1000 catheter days, and thrombosis at 2.4% (4/164) or 0.28/1000 catheter days. The median time to complication was 41 days (range 2-160, IQR 25-77). Those with complications were more likely to have a gastro-intestinal or an ovarian cancer diagnosis, and less likely to have colorectal cancer (p=0.001). These findings provide support for the safe and effective use of polyurethane (Arrow(TM)) PICCs for venous access within the adult oncology context. Furthermore, it suggests that cost effective nurse-led (Arrow(TM)) PICC insertions can contribute to a low complication rate. This benchmark study should be followed by further prospective studies examining the relationship of cancer diagnosis to PICC complication rates in oncology patients.</p>

scholarly journals Should laparoscopic lymph node biopsy be the preferred diagnostic modality for isolated abdominal lymphadenopathy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W.D. Gilbert ◽  
B. H. Bird ◽  
M. G. Murphy ◽  
C. J. O’Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Laparoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Abdominal Lymphadenopathy

Background Isolated abdominal lymphadenopathy is frequently detected, but often challenging to diagnose. To obtain a tissue diagnosis, percutaneous biopsy (pb) or laparoscopic biopsy (lb) is often undertaken. The safety profiles and diagnostic accuracy of pb and lb within the abdomen are both poorly defined.Methods In this retrospective analysis, we identified all patients who underwent lb or pb for isolated abdominal lymphadenopathy at our institute during 2008–2016.Results Of 62 patients who underwent nodal biopsy for isolated abdominal lymphadenopathy, 33 underwent lb and 29 underwent pb. For the 33 patients who underwent lb, the procedure was diagnostic in 100% of cases; for the 29 who underwent pb, the procedure was diagnostic in 18 cases (62.1%). Both procedures were safe, with similar complication rates (6.0% for lb; 7.0% for pb).Conclusions Our results establish that lb and pb are both safe and reliable in the setting of isolated abdominal lymphadenopathy. We also demonstrate that each procedure has situational advantages. A pb should be considered to be the upfront diagnostic modality, particularly when anatomic or disease factors favour its success. In situations in which it is felt that pb cannot safely access the lymphadenopathy or in disease states in which the yield of a core biopsy will be insufficient, lb should be strongly considered. Examples include extra-retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and cases of suspected lymphoma.

Surgery for Peyronie'S Disease: Comparison of Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
P. Traverso ◽  
A. Simonato ◽  
S. Galli ◽  
A. Romagnoli ◽  
C. Corbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Induratio Penis Plastica ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Surgical Option

Many, varied techniques have been used over the years in the surgical treatment of Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP). From December 1994 to March 1998, 83 patients were operated for IPP and assessed with an average follow-up of 20 months (range 2–24). Results were analysed, the overall assessment taking into consideration not only the objective clinical finding by the doctor, but also the degree of satisfaction expressed by patients. The patients were given a subjective self-assessment test considering the pre and post-operative changes in the following parameters: rigidity, curvature, glandular sensitivity, length of penis and satisfaction with general result. Another doctor in the department (not the operator) clinically assessed the same parameters during follow-up. Results showed that the above parameters were more favourable in patients operated for plaque and incision of the same than in those who had undergone removal. The subjective version of almost all patients and the clinical follow-up assessment were, however, in disagreement with these results. Moreover, only 60% of patients reported that they were generally satisfied. The subjective and objective assessment by the patients and doctor respectively are not always in agreement, highlighting the fact that patient satisfaction is sometimes unrelated to the clinical evaluation of “success” of the surgical option. In IPP therapy, results for the patient would seem to be better when less aggressive surgery is carried out on the plaque as described, i.e. with minimum dissection of the anatomical structures of the penis.

Early Stage of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Infection Leading to the “Starry Sky” Pattern Formation in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fujita ◽  
Nathan Buziba ◽  
Atsushi Kumatori ◽  
Masachika Senba ◽  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Neoplastic Lymphocytes ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Context.—Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is histologically characterized by a “starry sky” appearance, representing scattered macrophages that have phagocytosed cell debris among proliferating lymphoma cells. As is well known, almost all the neoplastic cells of endemic BL are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Previous studies have indicated that most of the EBV in B cells is latent, and few virus particles enter the lytic cycle. Objective.—To examine the histologic relationship between EBV infection stages and the formation of the starry sky pattern in African endemic BL tissues. Design.—Tissue samples from 44 patients with African endemic BL were examined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. We used EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) as a marker of latent infection, and BamHI H left frame 1 (BHLF1) and BamHI Z EBV replication activator (ZEBRA) as lytic cycle markers. Results.—In all cases, signals for EBER were found in most neoplastic lymphocytes, and in 73% of cases, signals for BHLF1 and/or ZEBRA were recognized in the lymphoma cells within and around the lacunae in starry sky figures. The mean number of lacunae per unit area in cases positive for lytic cycle markers was significantly higher than that in negative cases (P &lt; .001). Conclusions.—Our findings suggest that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in the lytic cycle, which eventually lapse into cell death, are phagocytosed prior to their rupture by macrophages that have migrated into the parenchyma. We emphasize that transition of EBV-infected lymphoma cells to the lytic cycle is one of the histomorphogenetic factors influencing the formation of starry sky pattern in endemic BL.

scholarly journals Web Scraping Scientific Repositories for Augmented Relevant Literature Search Using CRISP-DM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Hossam El-Din Hassanien
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
Almost All

Scientific web repositories are central cyber locations where academic papers are stored and maintained. With the nature of the unstructured and semi-structured information/metadata within these repositories, literature analysis for scholar writing becomes a challenge. Correspondingly, applying CRISP-DM poses a stance to address this challenge through formulating a rather augmented process for a relevant literature search. However, almost all repositories do not have a straight forward method where metadata could be extracted for preliminary data processing being applied as part of the CRISP-DM process. Additionally, most repositories do not follow open access standards. Until the time this paper was published, the topic of the augmented, relevant literature search had seen a methodological progress only, with the inability to apply the underlying methods on a larger scale, given data access constraints to open access repositories. The aim of this paper is to propose CRISP-DM as an augmented research methodology with a focus on web scraping as part of the data processing step. To substantiate the proposed methodology, a play role case study is conducted. This then works on alleviating these restrictions, as well as encouraging the wider adoption of the augmented analysis process for a relevant literature search within the research community.

Effects of insulin on liver glycogen synthesis and breakdown in the dog

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bishop ◽  
R. Steele ◽  
N. Altszuler ◽  
A. Dunn ◽  
C. Bjerknes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
Almost All

Glucose-C14 was given intravenously in trace amount, as an initial dose followed by continuous infusion, to measure glucose-C12 release by the liver, and total glucose uptake from plasma by the tissues. The glycogen content of liver and the C14 incorporated into the glycogen and the nonglycogen constituents of liver were measured by analysis of percutaneous biopsy samples. Glucose 6-C14 was used to show that direct uptake and conversion to liver glycogen (without passage through three carbon intermediates) of tagged blood glucose molecules was the source of almost all the C14 of glycogen Insulin infusion at 0 1–0.2 U/kg per hr, iv, along with glucose to limit hypoglycemia, stopped glycogen loss, decreased glucose-C12 release, increased glucose uptake from the plasma by the tissues and brought about the incorporation of plasma glucose-C14 units into liver glycogen. Incorporation of C14 into the nonglycogen constituents of the liver was increased much less. Glucose infusion, presumed to stimulate endogenous insulin secretion, produced similar effects. In earlier periods of insulin infusion the outstanding hepatic effects were decreases in glycogen loss and glucose-C12 release. In later periods the outstanding further effect was a great increase in the use of plasma glucose-C14 for liver glycogen synthesis.

The Impact of Open-Access Status on Journal Indices: Respiratory and Pulmonology Journals

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Saif Aldeen AlRyalat ◽  
Anas Abu Nassar ◽  
Faris Tamimi ◽  
Esraa Al-Fraihat ◽  
Lama Assaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Background: Open access (OA) publishing is rapidly emerging in almost all disciplines, with variable intensity and effect on the discipline itself. The move toward OA is also observed in the field of respiratory and pulmonology, where both OA data repositories and OA journals are rapidly emerging. Objective: we aim to study the open-access status of respiratory and pulmonology journals and the impact of the open-access status on journal indices. Methods: We collected journal’s data from Scopus Source List on 1st of November 2018. We filtered the list for respiratory and pulmonology journals. Open Access Journals covered by Scopus are recognized as Open Access if the journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and/or the Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD). For each journal, we used several metrics to measure its strength, and then we compared these metrics between OA and non- OA journals. Results: There were 125 respiratory and pulmonology journals, a number that has increased by 12.6% since 2011. Moreover, the percentage of OA journals has increased from 21.6% to 26.4% during the same period. Non-OA journals have significantly higher scholarly output (p= 0.033), but OA journals have significantly higher percentage of citation (p= 0.05). Conclusion: Publishing in OA journals will yield a higher citation percentage compared to non-OA journals. Although this should not be the only reason to publish in an OA journal, it is still an important factor to decide where to publish.

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