Malassezia species dysbiosis in natural and allergen-induced atopic dermatitis in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Meason-Smith ◽  
Thierry Olivry ◽  
Sara D Lawhon ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Skin Lipid ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Malassezia dermatitis and otitis are recurrent features of canine atopic dermatitis, increasing the cost of care, and contributing to a reduced quality of life for the pet. The exact pathogenesis of secondary yeast infections in allergic dogs remains unclear, but some have proposed an overgrowth of M. pachydermatis to be one of the flare factors. The distribution of Malassezia populations on healthy and allergic canine skin has not been previously investigated using culture-independent methods. Skin swabs were collected from healthy, naturally affected allergic, and experimentally sensitized atopic dogs. From the extracted DNA, fungal next-generations sequencing (NGS) targeting the ITS region with phylogenetic analysis of sequences for species level classification, and Malassezia species-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. M. globosa was significantly more abundant on healthy canine skin by both methods (NGS P < .0001, qPCR P < .0001). M. restricta was significantly more abundant on healthy skin by NGS (P = .0023), and M. pachydermatis was significantly more abundant on naturally-affected allergic skin by NGS (P < .0001) and on allergen-induced atopic skin lesions by qPCR (P = .0015). Shifts in Malassezia populations were not observed in correlation with the development of allergen-induced skin lesions. Differences in the lipid dependency of predominant Malassezia commensals between groups suggests a role of the skin lipid content in driving community composition and raises questions of whether targeting skin lipids with therapeutics could promote healthy Malassezia populations on canine skin.

scholarly journals The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Secondary Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Międzobrodzki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the mucous membrane of the nasal vestibule of a significant number of healthy people. These microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens, that in favorable conditions, may cause infections of various course, location or manifestation. Secondary infections emerge in cases when other risk factors contribute to such a change. One of the diseases during which S. aureus changes its saprophytic character to a pathogenic one is atopic dermatitis (AD), an allergic skin condition of a chronic and recurrent nature. Patients with AD are highly predisposed to secondary staphylococcal infections due to active S. aureus colonization of the stratum corneum, damage of the skin barrier or a defective immune response. Microorganisms present in skin lesions destroy the tissue by secreting enzymes and toxins, and additionally stimulate secondary allergic reactions. The toxins secreted by strains of S. aureus also act as superantigens and penetrate the skin barrier contributing to a chronic inflammation of the atopic skin lesions. The S. aureus species also releases proinflammatory proteins, including enzymes that cause tissue damage. When initiating treatment it is particularly important to properly assess that the onset of the secondary bacterial infection is caused by S. aureus and thus justifying the inclusion of antibiotic therapy. Depending on the severity and extent of the staphylococcal infection, topical antibiotics are used, usually mupirocin or fusidic acid, or general antibiotic treatment is introduced. Another therapeutic strategy without antibiotics has given a positive effect in patients.

scholarly journals CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Galina I. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Atopic Skin

There are presented modern data describing the current understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD): a genetic predisposition to atopy, disruptions of epidermal barrier integrity and a cascade of immune responses, contributing allergic inflammation in the skin. There are both described several mechanisms of acute and chronic phases of AD, the main directions of pathogenetically substantiated treatment of AD in children and indicated the prospects of new preparations specific blockers of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the development of AD - crisaborole, apremilast, dupilumab, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, tezepelumab. There is especially presented in details external therapy of atopic skin lesions in children with the use of means of modern dermatological cosmetics.

scholarly journals CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
G I Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Atopic Skin

Modern data describing the current understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD): a genetic predisposition to atopy, disturbances of the intestinal microbiome, disruptions of epidermal barrier integrity and a cascade of immune responses, contributing allergic inflammation in the skin are presented. There are both described several mechanisms of acute and chronic phases of AD, the main directions of pathogenetically substantiated treatment of AD in children and indicated the prospects of new preparations specific blockers of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the development of AD - crisaborole, dupilumab, apremilast et al. External therapy of atopic skin lesions in AD children with modern dermatological cosmetics is presented.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF MALASSEZIA SPECIES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 506 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Cam Van ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Malassezia Species

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by an eczematous reaction. Few studies have investigated fungi in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, however, there are different about distribution of Malassezia species. Objectives: To indentificate of Malassezia species and its asociation with clinical manifestations in Vietnamese atopic dermatitis patient. Methods: 178 patients who were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and had a postitive direct examination of Malassezia at the National hospital of dermatology and venereology between July 2019 and June 2020.  Specimens were taken with cellotape, then stained in 20% of potassium hydroxit combined with ParkerTM blue black ink.  All patient who had postive test were cultured on SDA and mDixon. For fungal samples, we selected pure colonies with morphological characteristics of yeast as follows about 1cm in diameter, round, cream or milky in color, smooth and glossy to detect the species. Results: From the samples of atopic dermatitis patients, we cultured and idenfified 41 cases. 5 species were found, in which M. globosa was the most common species, accounting for 39%, followed by M. restricta (19.5%), M. dermatis (17.1%),  M. furfur (17.1%) and M. sympodialis (2.4%). Conclusion: On the skin lesions of Vietnamese patients with atopic dermatitis, M. globosa was the most common species with 39.0%.

Effect of Lactobacillus strains on thymus and chemokine expression in keratinocytes and development of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawahara ◽  
N. Hanzawa ◽  
M. Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

Lactobacillus strains, a major group of lactic acid bacteria, are representative food microorganisms that have many potential beneficial effects via their interactions with immune and intestinal epithelial cells. However, little is known about the effect of Lactobacillus strains on atopic dermatitis via keratinocytes, which comprise the physical barrier of the skin. In this study, we report that Lactobacillus strains have a significant suppressive effect on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression and production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), a T helper 2 cell chemokine responsible for atopic dermatitis, in human keratinocytes. An RNA interference study showed that the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri strain Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) 1112, the most suppressive strain, depended on the presence of Toll-like receptor 2 and the induction of A20 (also known as TNF-α-induced protein 3) and cylindromatosis in HaCaT cells. Topical application of a water-soluble extract of homogenised JCM 1112 cells significantly suppressed the development of house dust mite-induced atopic skin lesions and TARC expression at the lesion sites in NC/Nga mice. Our study provides new insights into the use of Lactobacillus strains as suppressive agents against keratinocyte-involved atopic inflammation of the skin.

scholarly journals APRIL expression is upregulated in atopic dermatitis skin lesions and at sites of antigen driven allergic skin inflammation in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 108556
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Leyva-Castillo ◽  
Haifa H. Jabara ◽  
Joerg Wenzel ◽  
Alex McGurk ◽  
Daniel Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Allergic Skin

scholarly journals Anti-Malassezia-Specific IgE Antibodies Production in Japanese Patients with Head and Neck Atopic Dermatitis: Relationship between the Level of Specific IgE Antibody and the Colonization Frequency of Cutaneous Malassezia Species and Clinical Severity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enshi Zhang ◽  
Takafumi Tanaka ◽  
Mami Tajima ◽  
Ryoji Tsuboi ◽  
Hiroshi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Specific Ige Antibodies ◽  
Species Specific

Atopic dermatitis of the head and neck (HNAD) is recognized as a separate condition. Malassezia, the predominant skin microbiota fungus, is considered to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD), especially HNAD. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between the levels of specific IgE antibodies, colonization frequency of eight predominant Malassezia species, and clinical severity in 61 patients with HNAD (26 mild, 24 moderate, and 11 severe cases). As clinical severity increased, the levels of specific IgE antibodies against eight Malassezia species also increased. Species diversity of the Malassezia microbiota in scale samples from patients was analyzed by nested PCR using species-specific primers. The clinical severity of HNAD was correlated with the total level of specific IgE antibodies against Malassezia species and the number of Malassezia species detected.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding a Hypoallergenic Diet with a Nutraceutical on Fecal Dysbiosis Index and Clinical Manifestations of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2985
Author(s):  
Eleonora Elisa Alice Guidi ◽  
Alessandro Gramenzi ◽  
Paola Persico ◽  
Roberta Di Prinzio ◽  
Daniele Di Simone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Allergic Skin

Background: an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota can cause health problems in the gastrointestinal tract and in other organs. Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed, inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with multifactorial etiology and multimodal treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a nutraceutical product on Dysbiotic Index (DI) and the skin lesions of atopic dogs. Methods: a nutraceutical product was administered to 32 dogs with CAD. The product was associated with a standardized hypoallergenic diet for 60 days; the dietary regimen continued for 120 days, while ongoing therapies remained unchanged. Values of Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesional Index (CADLI) and DI were evaluated on day 0, 60, 120. Results: all the 32 dogs showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001) to V60 of VAS and CADLI, which persisted and increased to V120 when diet alone was continued. The decrease in the DI value was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the intake of nutraceutical associated with diet resulted in a decrease in the index of intestinal dysbiosis, with an improvement in the subjective severity of cutaneous lesions.

scholarly journals Host-Microbe Interaction on the Skin and Its Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Danuta Nowicka ◽  
Karolina Chilicka ◽  
Iwona Dzieńdziora-Urbińska
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Function

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition with a complex and unclear aetiology. Possible causes of AD encompass alterations in the structure and function of the epidermal barrier, disturbances in the skin microbiome, immune factors, allergens, bacterial and fungal infections as well as environmental and genetic factors. In patients with AD, acute skin lesions are colonized by a greater number of bacteria and fungi than chronic lesions, clinically unchanged atopic skin and the skin of healthy people. Mechanisms promoting skin colonization by pathogens include complex interplay among several factors. Apart from disturbances of the skin microbiome, increased adhesion in atopic skin, defects of innate immune response resulting in the lack of or restriction of growth of microorganisms also contribute to susceptibility to the skin colonization of and infections, especially with Staphylococcus aureus. This review of the literature attempts to identify factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD-related bacterial and fungal skin colonization. Studies on the microbiome, commensal microorganisms and the role of skin microorganisms in maintaining healthy skin bring additional insight into the treatment and prevention of AD. In the light of presented mechanisms, reduction in colonization may become both causative and symptomatic treatment in AD.

scholarly journals Suppression of DNCB-Induced Atopic Skin Lesions in Mice by Wikstroemia indica Extract

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Yeon Lee ◽  
No-June Park ◽  
Jonghwan Jegal ◽  
Beom-Geun Jo ◽  
Sangho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Cutaneous Inflammation ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Dermal Administration

Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey. is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and bronchitis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of an ethanolic extract of W. indica on cutaneous inflammation in mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). Dermal administration of W. indica ethanolic extract to DNCB-sensitized hairless mice with dermatitis, for two weeks, reduced erythema, scaling, and edema. Skin hydration was improved and transepidermal water loss was reduced at a W. indica concentration of 1%. Furthermore, W. indica also significantly reduced serum IgE and IL-4 concentrations in our mouse model. These results suggest that W. indica has potential as a topical treatment for AD and as an adjunctive agent to control AD.

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