scholarly journals NIMG-01. MRI VIRTUAL BIOPSY AND TREATMENT OF PRIMARY OR BRAIN METASTATIC TUMORS WITH TARGETED NANOBIOCONJUGATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii146-ii146
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ljubimov ◽  
Rameshwar Patil ◽  
Eggehard Holler ◽  
Julia Ljubimova ◽  
Keith Black
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Mri Diagnosis ◽  
Presentation Methods

Abstract Differential diagnosis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement(s) remains a significant problem, which may be difficult to resolve without biopsy that can be often dangerous or even impossible. Such MRI enhancement(s) can result from metastasis of primary tumors such as lung or breast, radiation necrosis, infections or a new primary brain tumor (glioma, meningioma). Neurological symptoms are often the same on initial presentation. METHODS: We present a noninvasive tumor-specific imaging approach “MRI virtual biopsy” by engineering new nano imaging agents (NIA) on polymalic acid polymer (PMLA) scaffold containing linear-Gd-DOTA or star-Gd-DOTA moieties for differential diagnosis of brain tumors. The strategy is that after non-invasive MRI diagnosis recognizing the brain lesion on the basis of its molecular signatures, the primary cancer or brain metastasis (BM) is suppressed by tumor-specific molecular inhibitor(s), which is structurally similar to the used NIA. Anti-TfR antibody or Angiopep-2 (AP-2) peptide used to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) by receptor-mediated transcytosis, and targeting antibody against EFGR- or HER2-overexpressing tumors were covalently attached to PMLA to recognize the tissues of interest. Delivery of contrast agents across BBB was studied by optical imaging. MRI signals in healthy brain and tumors were quantified using 9.4-Tesla MRI system. RESULTS: High specific signal values prevailed for 3 hours for NIA, in comparison with clinical Gd (MultiHance) that declined rapidly. In newly developed double tumor xenogeneic mouse models of brain metastasis this method allowed differential diagnosis of HER2- and EGFR-expressing brain tumors. After MRI diagnosis, breast and lung cancer brain metastases were successfully treated with similar tumor-targeted nanoconjugates carrying molecular inhibitors of EGFR or HER2 instead of imaging contrast agent. The treatment resulted in significant increase of animal survival and markedly reduced immunostaining for several cancer stem cell markers. Support: NIH grants: R01 CA188743, R01 CA206220, R01 CA209921

Myxoid variant of sarcomatous pleural mesothelioma

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Roman Petrovich Stepchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mri Diagnosis

Pleural mesothelioma is a malignant, aggressively growing tumor that occurs during the transformation of mesothelial cells. The incidence of pleural mesothelioma varies significantly from 8 cases per 100,000 population in England to 3.1 — in Australia, 1 — in the USA, Spain, and Poland. PM frequency has been increasing in recent years in Russia, Western Europe, China, and India. Diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma includes history taking, physical examination, computed tomography or MRI (diagnosis of PM cannot be made on conventional radiographs), then thoracoscopy with biopsy is desirable. Differential diagnosis is made between metastases in the pleura of different primary tumors (lung, colon, ovary, breast, etc., as well as synovial sarcoma). The diagnosis of PM can be considered 100 % proven only after immunohistochemistry (IHC). When establishing the operable stage, the question of surgical treatment is decided. If it is impossible to perform surgery, chemotherapy is used.

scholarly journals PRL3 induces polypoid giant cancer cells eliminated by PRL3-zumab to reduce tumor relapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Thura ◽  
Zu Ye ◽  
Abdul Qader Al-Aidaroos ◽  
Qiancheng Xiong ◽  
Jun Yi Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Tumor Relapse ◽  
Dna Damage Signaling

AbstractPRL3, a unique oncotarget, is specifically overexpressed in 80.6% of cancers. In 2003, we reported that PRL3 promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, firstly, we show that PRL3 induces Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) formation. PGCCs constitute stem cell-like pools to facilitate cell survival, chemo-resistance, and tumor relapse. The correlations between PRL3 overexpression and PGCCs attributes raised possibilities that PRL3 could be involved in PGCCs formation. Secondly, we show that PRL3+ PGCCs co-express the embryonic stem cell markers SOX2 and OCT4 and arise mainly due to incomplete cytokinesis despite extensive DNA damage. Thirdly, we reveal that PRL3+ PGCCs tolerate prolonged chemotherapy-induced genotoxic stress via suppression of the pro-apoptotic ATM DNA damage-signaling pathway. Fourthly, we demonstrated PRL3-zumab, a First-in-Class humanized antibody drug against PRL3 oncotarget, could reduce tumor relapse in ‘tumor removal’ animal model. Finally, we confirmed that PGCCs were enriched in relapse tumors versus primary tumors. PRL3-zumab has been approved for Phase 2 clinical trials in Singapore, US, and China to block all solid tumors. This study further showed PRL3-zumab could potentially serve an ‘Adjuvant Immunotherapy’ after tumor removal surgery to eliminate PRL3+ PGCC stem-like cells, preventing metastasis and relapse.

Excellent Outcome of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in an Adult With Bacterial Infections, Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442199137
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
John R. Younce ◽  
Joel S. Perlmutter ◽  
Soe S. Mar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
Supportive Management

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare para-infectious encephalopathy that classically occurs in children. However, ANE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adults with symmetric brain lesions after a prodromal illness given recent reports of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) to presumably cause ANE in adults. We report a case of a 29-year-old male presenting with fever, malaise, and rapid deterioration into coma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal symmetric areas of diffusion restriction and surrounding vasogenic edema involving bilateral thalami, pons and cerebellar hemispheres with a core of susceptibility artifact, and minimal thalamic contrast enhancement, most consistent with ANE. Extensive infectious workup revealed isolated Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in his urine. Despite the severe encephalopathy on initial presentation, the patient improved with intravenous antibiotics and supportive management with minimal residual deficits at 9 months follow-up. We aim to provide an overview of the radiological features, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ANE. Becoming familiarized with this rare but devastating disease will improve detection, treatment, and ultimately prognosis, especially in the era of a new pandemic.

Increased expression of putative cancer stem cell markers in primary prostate cancer is associated with progression of bone metastases

The Prostate ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Colombel ◽  
Colby L. Eaton ◽  
Freddy Hamdy ◽  
Estelle Ricci ◽  
Gabri van der Pluijm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer

Stress resistant human embryonic stem cells as a potential source for the identification of novel cancer stem cell markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaker A. Mousa ◽  
Thangirala Sudha ◽  
Evgeny Dyskin ◽  
Usawadee Dier ◽  
Christine Gallati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Potential Source

BRAIN TUMORS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-363
Author(s):  
I. WALLACE LEIBNER
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Patterns

Seven cases of brain tumors occurring in infants are presented. Six occurred in males and one was in a female. Three of them arose in the cerebellum while the other four were supratentorial. The tumors included two medulloblastomas, one [See Table II in Source Pdf] spongioblastoma polare, one ependymoma, one astrocytoma and one hemangioblastoma. The seventh case probably was also one of medulloblastoma. One of the proven medulloblastomas was supratentorial, which is unusual so faras location is concerned. The hemangioblastoma arose in the cerebrum. The location of this tumor is also a rare one and to my knowledge, it is the first case of its type reported in an infant in whom full recovery occurred following removal of the tumor. The diagnosis was unsuspected in four cases. Three of these infants were believed to be suffering from congenital hydrocephalus while the fourth was thought to be afflicted with encephalitis. The ways in which the correct diagnosis might have been made are discussed. Since bizarre clinical patterns are sometimes produced by brain tumors in infants and the diagnosis frequently overlooked, the possibility should be kept in mind by the pediatrician in considering the differential diagnosis of conditions producing signs referable to the nervous system.

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