scholarly journals GENE-27. MENINGIOMA RECURRENCE: ROLE OF M1/M2 TUMOUR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi103-vi103
Author(s):  
Dustin Proctor ◽  
Jordan Huang ◽  
Sanju Lama ◽  
Abdulrahman Albakr ◽  
Guido Van Marle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Meningioma Recurrence ◽  
Tumour Characteristics

Abstract BACKGROUND Meningioma, a most common brain tumour, has a high rate of recurrence. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in meningioma. TAMs display functional phenotypic diversity and may establish either an inflammatory and anti-tumoural or an immunosuppressive and pro-tumoural microenvironment. TAM subtypes present in meningioma and potential contribution to growth and recurrence is unknown. METHODS Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the distribution and quantify M1 and M2 TAM populations in 30 meningioma tissues. Association between quantified M1 and M2 cells and M1/M2 ratio to tumour characteristics including WHO grade, tumour recurrence, size, location, peri-tumoural edema and patient demographics such as age and sex was examined. RESULTS TAM cells accounted for ~17% of all cells in tumour tissues. Importantly, greater than 80% of infiltrating TAMs were discovered to be of a polarized pro-tumoural M2 phenotype which positively associated with tumour size. TAM subtype profiles differed significantly between non-recurrent (n=18) and recurrent meningioma (n=12) (P=0.044). Specifically, the M1/M2 cell ratio was decreased by ~250% in recurrent tumours. CONCLUSION This study is the first to confirm existence of pro-tumoural M2 TAMs in the meningioma microenvironment and a potential role in tumour growth and recurrence.

scholarly journals Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in meningioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T Proctor ◽  
Jordan Huang ◽  
Sanju Lama ◽  
Abdulrahman Albakr ◽  
Guido Van Marle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophage ◽  
Grade Ii

Abstract Background Meningioma, a most common brain tumor, has a high rate of recurrence. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in meningioma. TAMs display functional phenotypic diversity and may establish either an inflammatory and anti-tumoral or an immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral microenvironment. TAM subtypes present in meningioma and potential contribution to growth and recurrence is unknown. Methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify M1 and M2 TAM populations in tissues obtained from 30 meningioma patients. Associations between M1 and M2 cells, M1:M2 cell ratio to tumor characteristics, WHO grade, recurrence, size, location, peri-tumoral edema, and patient demographics such as age and sex were examined. Results TAM cells accounted for ~18% of all cells in meningioma tissues. More than 80% of infiltrating TAMs were found to be of pro-tumoral M2 phenotype and correlated to tumor size (P = .0409). M1:M2 cell ratio was significantly decreased in WHO grade II, compared to grade I tumors (P = .009). Furthermore, a 2.3-fold difference in M1:M2 ratio between primary (0.14) and recurrent (0.06) tumors was observed (n = 18 and 12 respectively, P = .044). Conclusion This study is the first to confirm existence of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in the meningioma microenvironment, emphasizing its potential role in tumor growth and recurrence.

scholarly journals Cranial Meningiomas Requiring Cranioplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv14-iv15
Author(s):  
Max Norrington ◽  
Christopher Millward ◽  
John Doherty ◽  
Mohammad Mustafa ◽  
Thomas Humphries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Bone Infiltration ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Intraosseous Meningioma ◽  
Tumour Characteristics

Abstract Aims Bone infiltration in association with intracranial meningioma (4.5% of cases) and primary intraosseous meningioma (2%) are rare. Management can be challenging, as cranial vault reconstruction may be required. This study aimed to examine the surgical techniques used and outcomes in this patient population. Method A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2010 and September 2020. All adult patients who required cranial reconstruction due to bone involvement of their meningioma were included. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, operative details, complications, and outcomes were examined. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v24.0. Results There were 30 patients (17 female; 56.7%), median age 54 yrs (range 28-86 yrs), of whom 25 (83.3%) had bone infiltration, and 5 (16.7%) had primary intraosseous meningioma. Only 10 patients had a Simpson I or II resection. Twenty-eight had 'on-table' primary cranioplasties. Materials used were titanium (n=13; 43.3%), acrylic (n=10; 33.3%), PMMA (n=5; 16.7%), and hydroxyapatite (n=2; 6.7%). There were 9 (mostly minor) surgical complications and only one wound infection. Twelve patients had WHO grade II tumours, and 14 required radiotherapy. Ten patients (33.3%) had re-operation for recurrent tumour, with a median time to progression of 41 months. At 6 months, 24 patients had a performance score less than 2. Conclusion On-table cranioplasty provides a lower risk surgical option for patients with high risk meningiomas.

scholarly journals Tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Endocrine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Iacovazzo ◽  
Sabrina Chiloiro ◽  
Eivind Carlsen ◽  
Antonio Bianchi ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Invasion

Abstract Introduction Somatotroph pituitary tumours are often resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues and can invade the surrounding structures, limiting the chances of curative surgery. Recent studies suggested that the immune microenvironment and pro-angiogenic factors can influence neuroendocrine tumour prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of immune cell-specific markers and endocan, a proteoglycan involved in neoangiogenesis and cell adhesion, in a cohort of acromegaly patients who underwent pituitary surgery as first-line treatment. Subjects and methods Sixty four eligible subjects were identified. CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells and endocan expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and results correlated with clinical and neuroradiological findings. Responsiveness to somatostatin analogues was assessed in patients with persistent disease following surgery. Results The number of CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in tumours with cavernous sinus invasion (median 0.2/HPF, IQR: 2.2) compared with those without cavernous sinus invasion (median 2.4/HPF, IQR: 2.3; P = 0.04). Tumours resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues had lower CD8+ lymphocytes (median 1/HPF, IQR: 2.4) compared with responders (median 2.4/HPF, IQR: 2.9; P = 0.005). CD4+ lymphocytes were observed sporadically. The number of CD68+ macrophages and the endothelial or tumour cell endocan expression did not differ based on tumour size, cavernous sinus invasion or treatment responsiveness. Conclusions Our study suggests that a lower number of CD8+ lymphocytes is associated with cavernous sinus invasion and resistance to treatment with first-generation somatostatin analogues in acromegaly patients. These results highlight a potential role of the tumour immune microenvironment in determining the prognosis of somatotroph pituitary tumours.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis-related Gene Signature Correlates with the Tumor Immune features and Predicts the Prognosis of Glioma Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hu ◽  
Zewei Tu ◽  
Kunjian Lei ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Xingen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Glioma Microenvironment ◽  
Genome Atlas

Background: Glioma is a malignant intracranial tumor and the most fatal cancer. The role of ferroptosis in the clinical progression of gliomas is unclear.Method: Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and the selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression methods were used to develop a ferroptosis-related signature (FRSig) using a cohort of glioma patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and was validated using an independent cohort of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to calculate levels of the immune infiltration. Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the independent prognostic role of clinicopathological factors and to establish a nomogram model for clinical application.Results: We analyzed the correlations between the clinicopathological features and ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) expression and established a FRSig to calculate the risk score for individual glioma patients. Patients were stratified into two subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes. Immune cell infiltration in the glioma microenvironment and immune-related indexes were identified that significantly correlated with the FRSig, the tumor mutation burden (TMB), copy number alteration (CNA), and immune check-point expression was also significantly positively correlated with the FRSig score. Ultimately, a FRSig-based nomogram model was constructed using the independent prognostic factors age, WHO grade, and FRSig score.Conclusion: We established the FRSig to assess the prognosis of glioma patients. The FRSig also represented the glioma microenvironment status. Our FRSig will contribute to improve patient management and individualized therapy by offering a molecular biomarker signature for precise treatment.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

Effect of Annexins Translocated in Extracellular Vesicles on Tumorigenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qionghui Wu ◽  
Haidong Wei ◽  
Wenbo Meng ◽  
Xiaodong Xie ◽  
Zhenchang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Tumor Neovascularization

: Annexin, a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, can affect tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, as well as tumor neovascularization in different ways. Recent studies have shown that annexin exists not only as an intracellular protein in tumor cells, but also in different ways to be secret outside the cell as a “crosstalk” tool for tumor cells and tumor microenvironment, thus playing an important role in the development of tumors, such as participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulating immune cell behavior, promoting neovascularization and so on. The mechanism of annexin secretion in the form of extracellular vesicles and its specific role is still unclear. This paper summarizes the main role of annexin secreted into the extracellular space in the form of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance and analyzes its possible mechanism.

scholarly journals Neuronal guidance proteins in cardiovascular inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Keller ◽  
Valbona Mirakaj ◽  
Michael Koeppen ◽  
Peter Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Neuronal Guidance

AbstractCardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.

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