Child–Parent Relationships and Older Adults’ Health: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between China and the United States

This study compared the associations of child–parent relationships with older adults’ multidimensional health in the United States and China. Two waves of data from the US Health and Retirement Study and its sister study in China (2012–2015) were used (2174 non-Hispanic [NH] White Americans and 4467 Chinese). Linear regression models were conducted for cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Results showed most child–parent relationships had nonsignificant associations with NH White Americans’ health. In contrast, closer child–parent relationships were linked to fewer depressive symptoms and better cognitive function among Chinese. Co-residence was associated with poorer health among older Chinese. Over a 2-year period, living nearby was linked to poorer cognitive function among NH White Americans and fewer depressive symptoms among Chinese. Having weekly contact was predictive of better cognition among Chinese. This study revealed cross-cultural differences in the associations between child–parent relationships and older adults’ health. Family relationships in accordance with Chinese culture could improve health.

Child-Parent Relation and Older Adults' Health: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between China and the United States

Western culture emphasizes independence in the child-parent relationship while Chinese culture values interdependence between adult children and older parents. This study compared the association of child-parent relationships with older adults’ multidimensional health over time in the U.S. and China. Two waves of data (2012-2015) from HRS and CHARLS were used (n=6,641, aged ≥65). Linear regression models were estimated. Results showed that, compared to Chinese older adults, fewer older Americans co-resided with or lived nearby their children, had less weekly contact, and fewer financial transfers from/to their children. Most child-parent relationship variables were nonsignificant predictors of older Americans’ health. However, a closer child-parent relationship was linked to fewer depressive symptoms and better cognition among older Chinese. Co-residence was associated with poorer health among Chinese parents. The associations of child-parent relationships with older adults’ health exhibited cross-cultural differences. A cultural perspective is recommended in understanding how family relations affect older adults’ health.

The role of parental attention in shaping personality of the child of school age

Researched is the theme of influence of various factors on the formation of children's personality. The most important one of them are parents, their attention, and attitude towards a child. This study aims to assess the current situation of child-parent relationships, their importance, as well as the importance of school in a child’s personality formation. The study was conducted with the help of an interview with 90 schoolchildren from Kemerovo, Russia. For the convenience of the analysis, the children were divided into three groups: (1) 8–10 years old; (2) 11–14 years old; (3) 15–16 years old. There were 30 people in each age group. The results confirmed the opinions of other scientists and concepts that parental attention, care, and child-parent relationships in general are critical for the personality formation in children aged 8–16. There is a large number of families where there are some kind of problems in the relationship between children and their parents. The issue of lack of attention is most acute in incomplete as well as in dysfunctional families. The importance of parental attention decreases somewhat with age, but it remains a key factor in the formation of a child’s personality. This article is a contribution to the study of the psychology of parent-child relationships and their impact on the subsequent life of a person. This article may be of interest to teachers, psychologists, parents, and a wide range of people interested in the problem of child-parent relationships and the formation of a child's personality.

Longitudinal psychometric evaluation of the developmental disorder parenting stressor index with Japanese parents of children with autism

Assessing parenting stress in parents of children with autism has crucial clinical implications because increased parental stress is associated with psychological disorders and personal distress, which can result in worse child–parent relationships. We examined the psychometric properties of a new index for assessing parenting stressors—the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index and the temporal variability of parenting stressors using longitudinal data of 212 Japanese parents of children with autism aged 2–18 years. The findings indicated that the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index has appropriate cross-validity, structural validity, construct validity, and reliability. Moreover, the psychometric properties and the brevity of the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index increase the clinical utility of the scale. The implications of the findings of this study are discussed. Lay abstract Parents of children with autism experience high rates of parenting stress. Assessing parenting stress in them has crucial clinical implications because increased parental stress is associated with psychological disorders and personal distress, which can result in worse child–parent relationships. Theorists have proposed that a person’s cognitive appraisal determines whether or not a situation or an encounter is personally stressful. However, prior scales merely measure the outcomes of parental stress as a stress response: little the scales were designed to assess events and cognitive appraisal-related parenting stressors of parents of children with autism. We investigated whether a new index for assessing parenting stressors—the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index is a valid measure to assess parenting stressors of parents of children with autism using longitudinal online surveys at three times. Participants were 212 Japanese parents of children with autism aged 2–18 years who completed the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index and measures of autism symptoms and stress response . Overall, the findings indicated that the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index can be reliably used to measure both experiences and cognitive appraisal of parenting stressors among parents of children with autism. Moreover, the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index has several advantages and is a valuable measurement tool to be able to evaluate parenting stressors in clinical settings; Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index is shorter, easier to complete, and can evaluate both viewpoints of parenting stressors.

Associations between Perceived Child-Parent Relationships and School Engagement among 9–11 Aged Children

School engagement has been shown to protect students from dropping out of education, depression and school burnout. The aim of this Finnish study was to explore the association between child-parent relationships and how much 99,686 children aged 9–11 years liked school. The data were based on the 2019 School Health Promotion Study, conducted by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. This asked children whether they liked school or not and about their child-parent relationships. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the data separately for boys and girls and the results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). According to the results, girls showed more school engagement than boys (81.9% versus 74.0%), and it was more common in children who felt that their parents communicated with them in a supportive way. This association was slightly stronger for girls than boys (OR 2.46 95% CI 2.33–2.59 versus OR 2.10 95% CI 2.02–2.20). It is important that child-parent relationships and communication are considered during school health examinations, so that children who have lower support at home can be identified.

IDEAS OF ADOLESCENTS PRONE TO VAGRANCY ABOUT PARENTS

Statement of the problem. To solve the challenges of parent-child relationships among adolescents prone to vagrancy and their parents, it is necessary to know what ideas adolescents have about their parents. We believe that if we take into account the features of existing ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy, we can introduce changes into these structures. By correcting negative ideas about parents while working with the underaged, it is possible to harmonize child-parent relationships and thereby reduce the possibility of repeating deviant behavior. The purpose of the article is to describe features of the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy. The research methodology consists of the analysis and generalization of works of foreign and Russian researchers related to the study of ideas about parents and vagrancy as a social process closely related to the situation in a family. Research methods. Twenty teenagers who are getting treatment in a residential facility for minors (Krasnoyarsk) were involved in the study of the ideas about parents of adolescents prone to vagrancy. The sample includes: 10 adolescents who are not prone to vagrancy and 10 adolescents with a medium intensity of a vagrancy syndrome. The following tests were used as diagnostic tools: “Scale of Leaving and Vagrancy” (I.V. Makarov), “Adolescents about Their Parents” (ADOR) by I. Schaefer (modified by Z. Mateychik and P. Rzhichan), “Parent-Child Relationships” (S.V. Lippo, S.T. Posokhov). To describe personality characteristics of parents, we used the test “Five Statements” which is based on the test “Twenty Statements” by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland. To summarize and analyze empiric materials, mathematical methods of statistical data processing were used: descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test. Research results. The authors assumed and empirically proved that the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy differ from the ideas about parents among adolescents who are not prone to vagrancy. The research gives an opportunity to identify significant criteria in the ideas about a father among adolescents prone to vagrancy (hostility, directivity, proximity factor, demographic and socio-psychological characteristics: age, education, profession, hobby, bad habits, as well as frequency and satisfaction with relationships with a father, emotional coloring of these relationships) and the ideas about a mother (hostility, autonomy, inconsistency, criticism factor, demographic and socio-psychological characteristics: age, education, profession, hobby, bad habits, as well as frequency and satisfaction with relationships with a mother, emotional coloring of these relationships). Conclusions. The results of the research allow identifying features of the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy which are of practical interest for intervention with adolescents prone to vagrancy and have disturbed child-parent relationships, as part of the system of social services and psychological assistance.

Perceptions on intergenerational solidarity among Filipino immigrant youth in the Greater Toronto Area

Young-adult and parent relationships are widely examined throughout the literature. However, there has been very little focus on youth's perspective on the relationships with their parents and families. While, there is a combination of both conflict and solidarity in immigrant families, in my work, I will be looking at the intergenerational solidarity between youth and their parents, from the perspective of young people. This study is exploratory and qualitative, and aims to contribute to the research on immigrant Filipino families in the Canadian context. This study found positive views by the youth about their relationship with their parents. Parental expectations and obligations in family matters such as school and career aspirations were deemed important by the youth participants. Despite some disagreements on issues, such as dating and career choices, the youth reported agreement with their parents on family values such as respect and obligation to the family.

Perceptions on intergenerational solidarity among Filipino immigrant youth in the Greater Toronto Area

Young-adult and parent relationships are widely examined throughout the literature. However, there has been very little focus on youth's perspective on the relationships with their parents and families. While, there is a combination of both conflict and solidarity in immigrant families, in my work, I will be looking at the intergenerational solidarity between youth and their parents, from the perspective of young people. This study is exploratory and qualitative, and aims to contribute to the research on immigrant Filipino families in the Canadian context. This study found positive views by the youth about their relationship with their parents. Parental expectations and obligations in family matters such as school and career aspirations were deemed important by the youth participants. Despite some disagreements on issues, such as dating and career choices, the youth reported agreement with their parents on family values such as respect and obligation to the family.