scholarly journals Determinants of progression of nicotine dependence symptoms in adolescent waterpipe smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Bahelah ◽  
Kenneth D Ward ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Joseph R DiFranza ◽  
Thomas Eissenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Waterpipe Cafés ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionWaterpipe smoking continues to pose significant challenges to tobacco control efforts and many adolescent waterpipe smokers experience symptoms of nicotine dependence (ND). This study examined the predictors of progression of ND symptoms in adolescent waterpipe smokers.MethodsWe assembled a cohort of Lebanese adolescents enrolled in eighth and ninth grades at baseline, and surveyed them every 6 months over the next 24 months. Progression of ND symptoms was defined as an increase over time in the number of items endorsed on the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist. Predictors included individual (eg, psychological factors, attitudes towards waterpipe, school performance, physical activity) and socioenvironmental (eg, smoking among parents, siblings and close friends; the café environment) attributes.ResultsAmong 264 adolescent waterpipe smokers (baseline mean age=14.6 years, 50.4% females), 105 (39.7%) progressed on ND symptoms during follow-up. Predictors of progression were higher baseline stress (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) and higher self-esteem (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). Reporting difficulty refraining from smoking waterpipe while in a restaurant was the strongest predictor of progression (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.44 to 11.34). Having a mother with ≥12 years of education protected against progression of ND (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.99).ConclusionsA significant proportion of adolescent waterpipe smokers progressed on ND. Venue-based policies such as limiting youth access to waterpipe cafés are warranted.

scholarly journals Protein Intake and Physical Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Greco ◽  
Agostino Brugnera ◽  
Roberta Adorni ◽  
Marco D’Addario ◽  
Francesco Fattirolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Over Time

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Among the most important modifiable and well-known risk factors are an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Nevertheless, adherence to healthy lifestyle regimes is poor. The present study examined longitudinal trajectories (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 60-month follow-ups) of protein intake (fish, legumes, red/processed meat) and physical activity in 275 newly-diagnosed patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the season in which each assessment was made, and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant changes in protein intake and physical activity were found from pre-event to the six-month follow-up, suggesting the adoption of healthier behaviors. However, soon after the six-month follow-up, patients experienced significant declines in their healthy behaviors. Both physical activity and red/processed meat intake were modulated by the season in which the assessments took place and by anxiety symptoms over time. The negative long-term trajectory of healthy behaviors suggests that tailored interventions are needed that sustain patients’ capabilities to self-regulate their behaviors over time and consider patient preference in function of season.

Physical self-esteem – a ten-year follow-up study from early adolescence to early adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Raustorp ◽  
Magnus Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Body Attractiveness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: One variable that has been consistently associated with adolescents’ physical activity is perceived activity competence. Perceived physical (or sport) competence is considered a sub-domain to the physical self-esteem or self-worth (i.e., a person’s valuation of what is good and worthy in their self-description). Objective: This study aimed to describe levels of and inter-correlations among physical self-esteem, physical activity, and body mass index in a longitudinal design spanning adolescence to early adulthood. Materials and methods: At mean ages of 12.7, 15.7, 17.7 and 22.7 years, we measured perceived physical self-esteem in 39 (22 boys) Swedish adolescents. Physical activity (steps/day) for four consecutive schooldays, height, and weight were also measured. Results: No significant difference between the four time points for any variable of perceived physical self-esteem was seen, neither in boys nor girls. In general, all physical self-variables revealed non-linear trajectories across time, where the general trend was an increase during the younger ages followed by a decrease during older ages. At ages 12 and 15 years in boys and girls physical condition and physical strength as well as body attractiveness and physical strength, respectively, had the strongest correlations to physical self-esteem. At age 17 and 22 years sports competence had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in girls, while body attractiveness and physical strength had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in boys. Conclusion: An overall stability in physical self-esteem was found. However the impact of a sub-domain upon physical self-esteem vary during adolescence and early adulthood. Such information may be useful when creating physical activity programs that support and develop physical self-esteem.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Follow-Up on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity Related to Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Children With Renal Transplants

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Westphal Ladfors ◽  
Ebba Bergdahl ◽  
Oli Hermannsson ◽  
Julius Kristjansson ◽  
Tina Linnér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease, including those treated with kidney transplantation (KT), have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity after KT compared to matched controls, to relate the results to physical activity, blood pressure and biochemical findings and to follow exercise capacity over time.Methods: Patients with KT (n = 38, age 7.7–18 years), with a mean time from transplantation of 3.7 years (0.9–13.0) and mean time in dialysis 0.8 years, were examined at inclusion and annually for up to three years. Healthy controls (n = 17, age 7.3–18.6 years) were examined once. All subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test, resting blood pressure measurement, anthropometry and activity assessment. Patients also underwent echocardiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 24-h ambulatory BP measurements (ABPM), assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood sampling annually.Results: As compared to healthy controls, KT patients showed decreased exercise capacity measured both as VO2peak (34.5 vs. 43.9 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001) and maximal load (2.6 vs. 3.5 W/kg, p < 0.0001), similarly as when results were converted to z-scores. No significant difference was found in weight, but the KT patients were shorter and had higher BMI z-score than controls, as well as increased resting SBP and DBP z-scores. The patient or parent reported physical activity was significantly lower in the KT group compared to controls (p < 0.001) In the combined group, the major determinants for exercise capacity z-scores were activity score and BMI z-score (β = 0.79, p < 0.0001 and β = −0.38, p = 0.007, respectively). Within the KT group, low exercise capacity was associated with high fat mass index (FMI), low activity score, low GFR and high blood lipids. In the multivariate analysis FMI and low GFR remained predictors of low exercise capacity. The longitudinal data for the KT patients showed no change in exercise capacity z-scores over time.Conclusion: Patients with KT showed decreased exercise capacity and increased BP as compared to healthy controls. Exercise capacity was associated to GFR, physical activity, FMI and blood lipids. It did not improve during follow-up.

scholarly journals Factors associated with different patterns of weight change after bariatric surgery: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cristina Henao Carrillo ◽  
Ana María Gómez ◽  
Oscar Muñoz ◽  
Claudia Rubio ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity. During long-term follow-up, weight loss (WL) is variable between subjects. The aim of this study is to assess the change in percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss (%EWL) and to describe the factors associated with greater or lesser WL over time. Methods Longitudinal study including patients treated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and followed at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia). Baseline data was recorded before surgery. Follow-up was performed at 3 (n=192), 6 (n=190), 9 (n=188), 12 (n=186), 24 (n=99) and 36 (n=30) months. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was used to assess the change in %TWL and %EWL over time. Results 196 patients were included (82.4% female, BMI 41.3±5.2 kg/m2). The tendency to increase on %TWL (31.6±6.6) and %EWL (80.2 RIQ 70.7-97.3) was evident in the first year, stabilizing after that. Nutritionist follow-up, baseline BMI>40 kg/m2 and WL≥10kg before surgery were associated with an average higher increase of %TWL (2.39% p=0.014, 0.41% p<0.001 and 0.37% p=0.003, respectively). Subjects who performed physical activity >30 minutes/day after surgery reduced %TWL in 0.74% (p=0.009). Similar findings were described on %EWL. Conclusion Follow-up during the first year after bariatric surgery is critical to achieving %TWL and %EWL goals. This study suggests that modifiable factors such as nutritional follow-up, WL before surgery and time of physical activity are associated with a significant change in %TWL and %EWL during follow-up by a multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals The evaluation of a fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) based intervention to initiate and sustain physical activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci Hayes ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Shahbazi ◽  
Jung Hye Sung ◽  
Russell Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Over Time

Background: The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)recommends that adults achieve 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity.Most African American women do not meet these guidelines. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of an intervention based on the fourth generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change for initiating and sustaining physical activity among African American women when compared to a first generation, knowledge-based intervention. Methods: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) utilized a pre-test, post-test and 6-week followup evaluation with an experimental (n=25) group and a comparison group (n=23). Process evaluation for satisfaction and program fidelity was conducted along with impact evaluation for changes in MTM constructs, intent to initiate and sustain physical activity, minutes of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure in hypertensives. Results:The MTM-based intervention proved significantly efficacious in increasing the minutes of physical activity from pre-test mean of 37 minutes to 172 minutes at follow-up (mean difference135.08 minutes, 95% CI: 106.04 to 164.13, P<0.0001), reducing waist circumference from pretest mean of 39 inches to 38 inches at follow-up (mean difference -1.12 inches, 95% CI: -1.70 to-0.545, P<0.001) and modifying the MTM construct of changes in physical environment from a mean of 7 units at pre-test to 9 units at follow-up (mean difference 2.08 units, 95% CI: 0.73 to 3.43, P<0.004) when compared to the knowledge-based intervention over time. Conclusion: There were directional improvements in the mean scores for most of the study variables over time for the MTM intervention group and statistically significant improvement in minutes of physical activity and waist circumference.

Association of Longitudinal Changes of Physical Activity on Smoking Cessation Among Young Daily Smokers

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Jerome F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
National Sample ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Change ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

Objective:To our knowledge, no longitudinal epidemiological study among daily smokers has examined the effects of physical activity change/trajectory on smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of changes in physical activity on smoking cessation among a national sample of young (16–24 y) daily smokers.Methods:Data from the 2003–2005 National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey were used (N = 1178). Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis, 5 distinct self-reported physical activity trajectories over 3 time periods (baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up) were observed, including stable low physical activity, decreasing physical activity, curvilinear physical activity, stable high physical activity, and increasing physical activity. Nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index) and demographic parameters were assessed via survey.Results:With stable low physical activity (16.2% quit smoking) serving as the referent group, those in the stable high physical activity (24.8% quit smoking) group had 1.8 greater odds of not smoking at the 24-month follow-up period (odds ratio = 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.91) after adjusting for nicotine dependence, age, gender, race-ethnicity, and education.Conclusions:Maintenance of regular physical activity among young daily smokers may help to facilitate smoking cessation.

Turkish Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors and Self-Esteem

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Geçkil ◽  
Özlem Dündar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
School Grade

We examined health risk behaviors and self-esteem of 1,361 adolescents in Adiyaman, Turkey. The data were obtained using the Health Risk Behaviors Scale (HRBS; Çimen & Savaşer, 2003) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES; Rosenberg, 1965). The most frequent predictor of risky behavior in adolescents was physical activity. Nutrition, psychosocial, hygiene, and substance abuse issues were also significant predictors of risky behavior. The results indicated that age, year at school (grade), gender, self-esteem, and school performance all had a strong impact on health risk behaviors. Adolescents must be made aware of health risk issues associated with physical activity, nutrition, hygiene, and substance abuse.

Tracking of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Adolescents in Sweden

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Raustorp ◽  
Kjell Svensson ◽  
Thommy Perlinger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Over Time

Tracking refers to the tendency for individuals to maintain their rank in a group over time. The authors explored tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity. In October of 2000, 2003, and 2005, data of physical activity as steps per day were collected with sealed Yamax SW-200 pedometers (Tokyo, Japan) for 4 consecutive schooldays in 97 (46 boys and 51 girls) Swedish adolescents (mean age 12.7 in 2000). In general, tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity was low to moderate during adolescence. A sex difference, with boys expressing higher tracking, was seen. Moderate tracking was seen in the individuals who, according to recommendations, were insufficiently active.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Social Interaction among People with Psychiatric Disabilities-Comparison of Users of Day Centres and Clubhouses

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hultqvist ◽  
Urban Markström ◽  
Carina Tjörnstrand ◽  
Mona Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychiatric Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare users of community-based mental health day centres (DCs) and clubhouses in Sweden regarding reported social networks and social interaction and the stability of these over time. A further aim was to investigate social network predictors both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.METHODS: People regularly attending DCs (n=128) or clubhouses (n=57) completed questionnaires about social network and social interaction (social engagement and social functioning), self-esteem and socio-demographics at baseline and a nine-month follow-up. RESULTS: Perceived social engagement and social functioning did not differ between the groups and remained stable over time. Fewer in the DC reported having a close friend but there was no difference regarding having recently (the past week) seen a friend. When naming “someone with whom you can share your innermost thoughts and feelings”, the DC group named more professional contacts, fewer friends and more often “nobody” compared to the clubhouse group. Finally, on both occasions the DC group scored significantly lower on size of the social network compared to the clubhouse users. Self-esteem and having recently seen a friend could predict size of the social network in the cross-sectional perspective. Strong indicators of belonging to the group with a larger social network at follow-up were being a woman, attending a clubhouse programme and having scored high on social network at baseline.CONCLUSION & IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Having friends and strengthening one’s self-esteem may be essential factors for the social network of people with psychiatric disabilities in a short-term perspective. Visiting clubhouses seems advantageous in a longer-term perspective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document