scholarly journals Global Patterns and Prevalence of Dual and Poly-Tobacco Use: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tzu-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Charis Girvalaki ◽  
, Enkeleint A Mechili ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction Improving understanding of the epidemiology of dual and poly-tobacco product use is essential for tobacco control policy and practice. The present study aimed to systematically review existing epidemiologic evidence on current dual and poly-tobacco use among adults globally. Methods We systematically searched online databases for studies published up to 30 June 2020. We included quantitative studies with measures of nationally representative prevalence of current dual or poly-tobacco use among adults. Prevalence estimates for each country were extracted manually and stratified by WHO regions and World Bank income classifications. Results Twenty studies with nationally representative prevalence data on current dual or poly-tobacco use in the adult population across 48 countries were included. Definitions of dual and poly-tobacco use varied widely. Prevalence of dual and poly-tobacco use was higher in low- and lower-middle-income countries compared to other higher-income countries. Current dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco products among males ranged from 0.2% in Ukraine (2010) and Mexico (2009) to 17.9% in Nepal (2011). Poly-tobacco use among males ranged from 0.8% in Mexico (2009) and 0.9% in Argentina (2010) to 11.4% in the UK and 11.9% in Denmark in 2012. Dual tobacco use was generally higher in South-East Asia; poly-tobacco use was prevalent in Europe as well as in South-East Asia. Conclusions This is the first systematic review of the prevalence estimates of dual and poly-tobacco use among adults globally. The results of the current study could significantly help health policy makers to implement effective tobacco control policies.

The Current State of MPOWER Policies in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shynar ABDRAKHMANOVA ◽  
Zarina KERUYENOVA
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Indicators

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is a global study to monitor tobacco use, and evaluate current measures and requisite policies on tobacco control. In this study, the key indicators from GATS Kazakhstan that address six tobacco control policies are assessed. Methods: GATS Kazakhstan was a nationally representative household survey of the adult population aged 15 yr or older (n=4425, 52.8% females) implemented in 2014, in all regions of Kazakhstan. A multi-stage, geographically clustered sample design was used to obtain the key indicators of tobacco use and tobacco measures in the country. The sampling weights were employed to ensure real national representation. A household and individual questionnaire were administered through electronic devices. Results: The majority of current tobacco users were cigarette smokers 22.2%. Overall, 19.0% of adults were exposed to secondhand smoke while at work. One third of smokers made a quit attempt in the last 12 months. Only, 74.0% of adults believed that breathing other people’s smoke causes serious illness in non-smokers. Almost all current smokers (97.6%) noticed pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages. Over half (58.0%) of the current smokers had thought about quitting, having seen pictorial warning labels. Exposure to any cigarette advertisement, sponsorship or promotion had been experienced by 25.7% of adults, with the highest rate of noticing cigarette advertisements being found in stores where cigarettes are sold (14.0%). Cigarettes were largely affordable for the population. Conclusion: The GATS Kazakhstan results identified tobacco use indicators, as well as existing gaps in tobacco control measures.

scholarly journals Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12186
Author(s):  
Shaon Lahiri ◽  
Jeffrey B. Bingenheimer ◽  
William Douglas Evans ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Priyanka Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Policy Environments

Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535.

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council: Advocating for a menthol cigarette ban in San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056215
Author(s):  
Sarah D Mills ◽  
Carol O McGruder ◽  
Valerie B Yerger
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Product Sales

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council (AATCLC) is an advocacy group that works to inform the direction of tobacco control policy and priorities in the USA. This article narrates the AATCLC’s work advocating for a comprehensive, flavoured tobacco product sales ban in San Francisco, California. Recommendations for tobacco control advocates and lessons learned from their work are provided. The article concludes by discussing conditions necessary to enact the policy. These include having a dedicated advocacy team, community support, a policy sponsor, and clear and repeated messaging that is responsive to community concerns.

scholarly journals ENDS - a growing threat: results from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey EPOCHA-RF

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Gambaryan ◽  
A M Kalinina ◽  
M V Popovich ◽  
M L Starovoytov ◽  
O M Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Abstract Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) including heated tobacco products not yet legally regulated are more and more imposed over the Russian population. Still very little is known about these products. Aim To assess the exposure of Russian population to advertisement, promotion, of ENDS, and its attitudes and beliefs regarding these products. Methods Data from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey (2017-2018) are analysed which used a systematic stratified multistage random sampling based on territorial household principle, representing the adult population (18+) of Russia in 10 Federal subjects. 20380 randomly selected respondents were interviewed and a stratified sample (n = 11625) of smokers (n = 6569), former smokers (n = 2377) and never smokers (n = 2679) participated in the survey. Results In past 6 months 15.7% of the respondents were exposed to promotion of ENDS via internet, 14%-via social networks and 13.4% at the points of sale. Remarkably the youngest age group (18-24) was significantly more exposed to advertisement and promotion of ENDS from all sources than the rest of age groups: 32.6%, 32.3% and 24.3% respectively (p<.0001). 48% of respondents believe that secondhand vape of e-cigarettes is harmful for health of people, with significant differences among current smokers (40%), recent quitters (53%), former smokers (60%) and never smokers (66%). Majority agreed that it is necessary to regulate allowed amounts of nicotine in e-liquids (54%), to ban vaping in public places where tobacco smoking is banned (59.2%), ban the sales of these products to minors (68%), and the use of e-cigarettes by those (71.2%). 61.5% support the need for ban of all forms of advertisement, marketing and promotion of ENDS. Conclusions ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy achievements. The findings will be used to support new strong legislation to regulate ENDS in Russia. Key messages Young people much more than the others are targeted with advertisement and promotion of ENDS. ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy and should be legally regulated like any tobacco products.

scholarly journals Perception and Current Use of E-cigarettes Among Youth in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Mark Parascandola ◽  
Congxiao Wang ◽  
Yuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction This study provides nationally representative estimates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth in China and explores the factors associated with awareness and use of e-cigarettes and the relationship between e-cigarette and conventional tobacco use. Methods This study examined data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which was completed by 155 117 middle school students (51.8% boys and 48.2% girls) in China, and employed a multistage stratified cluster sampling design. For data analysis, SAS 9.3 complex survey procedures were used, and logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with e-cigarette use and the relationship between e-cigarette and conventional tobacco use. Results About 45.0% of middle school students had heard of e-cigarettes, but only 1.2% reported using e-cigarettes in the last 30 days. Among never-smokers, e-cigarette users were more likely to intend to use a tobacco product in the next 12 months than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.970, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.474% to 10.857%), and more likely to say that they would enjoy smoking a cigarette (adjusted OR = 14.633, 95% CI = 11.328% to 18.902%). E-cigarette use was associated with previous experimentation with cigarette smoking (OR = 3.2), having noticed tobacco advertising in the past 30 days (OR = 2.7), having close friends who smoke (OR = 1.4), and thinking tobacco helps people feel more comfortable in social situations (OR = 3.3) and makes young people look more attractive (OR = 1.3). Conclusions E-cigarette use among youth in China remains low but awareness is high. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to use tobacco. Enhanced prevention efforts are needed targeting e-cigarette use among youth. Implications This study is the first nationally representative survey of e-cigarette use among youth in China. It found that among middle school students, prevalence of e-cigarette use is 1.2% and prevalence of e-cigarette awareness is 45.0%. Chinese youths use e-cigarettes as a tobacco product rather than an aid to quitting. Among never-smokers, e-cigarette users were more likely to have intentions to use a tobacco product in the next 12 months, more likely to use a tobacco product offered by their best friends and enjoy smoking a cigarette than nonusers.

scholarly journals Social climate on tobacco control in an advanced tobacco control country

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Ruokolainen ◽  
Hanna Ollila ◽  
Kristiina Patja ◽  
Katja Borodulin ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Workplace Smoking ◽  
Future Policy

Aims: Finland has implemented a gradually tightening tobacco control policy for decades. Recently the objective of a tobacco-free Finland was introduced. Still, the population’s acceptance of tobacco control policy has not been measured. More knowledge is needed on differences in attitudes and factors associated with tobacco control opinions for future policy-making. Methods: A population-based study with quantitative analysis. Attitudes on smoking and tobacco control policy were assessed within the National FINRISK 2012 Study in Finland involving 25–74-year-old adults ( N = 4905). In analyses, smoking status groups were compared. Results: In general, attitudes differed systematically by smoking status. Differences increased or decreased when moving from never smokers to other smoking groups. Similarities in attitudes were found particularly on youth smoking, while differences between smoking groups were notable on statements regarding smoking on balconies and availability of tobacco products. The adjusted analysis showed that smoking status was most strongly associated with attitudes on different tobacco control policy measures. Daily smokers viewed stricter tobacco control policy and workplace smoking bans more negatively than others, though they viewed societal support for quitters and sufficiency of tobacco control policy more positively compared with others. Differences were vast compared with non-smokers, but also occasional smokers differed from daily smokers. Conclusions: Tightening tobacco control and workplace smoking bans were supported by the Finnish adult population, but societal support for quitters to a lesser extent. Attitude change, where smokers are seen as deserving help to quit smoking, is important.

scholarly journals Longitudinal pathways of exclusive and polytobacco cigar use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s163-s169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Kristie A Taylor ◽  
Karin A Kasza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to examine the cross-sectional prevalence of use and 3-year longitudinal pathways of cigar use in US youth (12-17 years), young adults (18-24 years), and adults 25+ (25 years or older).DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsWeighted cross-sectional prevalence of past 30-day (P30D) use was stable for adults 25+ (~6%), but decreased in youth (Wave 1 (W1) to Wave 3 (W3)=2.5% to 1.2%) and young adults (W1 to W3=15.7% to 14.0%). Among W1 P30D cigar users, over 50% discontinued cigar use (irrespective of other tobacco use) by Wave 2 (W2) or W3. Across age groups, over 70% of W1 P30D cigar users also indicated P30D use of another tobacco product, predominantly cigar polytobacco use with cigarettes. Discontinuing all tobacco use by W2 or W3 was greater in adult exclusive P30D cigar users compared with polytobacco cigar users.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of P30D cigar users discontinued use by W3, adult polytobacco users of cigars were less likely to discontinue all tobacco use than were exclusive cigar users. Tracking patterns of cigar use will allow further assessment of the population health impact of cigars.

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