Analytic Approaches to Aesthetics

Philosophy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lamarque
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aesthetics Of Nature

Aesthetics is broadly that branch of philosophy concerned with fundamental questions about the nature of beauty, the nature of art, and the principles of art criticism. Some of these questions go back to the ancient Greeks, but systematic study of the foundations of aesthetics did not begin until the 18th century. Analytic philosophers turned their attention to this branch of the subject relatively late and in the 1940s and 50s tended to be scornful of what they found (John Passmore famously wrote of the “dreariness” of aesthetics in 1951 in the journal Mind). However, in the fifty years up to the turn of the 21st century, and beyond that point, analytic approaches to aesthetics developed with considerable sophistication and there is now a huge literature on all aspects of the subject under the broad heading of “analytic aesthetics.” Other approaches exist, of course, notably that associated with Continental philosophy, which is more historically oriented. The analytic approach is rooted in the analysis of concepts (albeit increasingly informed by work in the empirical sciences) and tends to examine issues about the nature of art and the aesthetic qualities of objects in an ahistorical manner, even if noting and evaluating ideas from earlier periods. In the years since the early 1990s there has been a notable growth in attention to the individual arts (music, painting, literature, film, etc.). Important developments in the aesthetics of nature and the environment have also occurred.

scholarly journals Przyczyny i skutki zjawiska wypalenia zawodowego wśród osób wykonujących zawody służebne

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pytel
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Wypalenie zawodowe nazywane jest chorobą XXI wieku. Nie ma jednej, ogólnej, międzynarodowej definicji tego zjawiska. Przyczyn wypalenia doszukiwać można się w sferze indywidualnej, interpersonalnej oraz organizacyjnej. Syndrom wypalenia zawodowego niesie za sobą negatywne konsekwencje nie tylko dla samej jednostki, ale także dla jej rodziny i przyjaciół. Przedmiotem badań w poniższym artykule są przyczyny i skutki wypalenia zawodowego wśród osób wykonujących zawody służebne. Causes and effects syndromeof burnout among people to perform profession servants The syndrome of burnout is called a disease of the 21st century. There is no one general, international definition of this phenomenon. The causes can be found in the individual, interpersonal and organizational sphere. Burnout syndrome has negative consequences not only for the individual, but also for his family and friends. The subject of the research in the article below are the causes and effects of burnout among people working in the profession service.

scholarly journals Theatre as a means of countering resurgent nationalism and racism in the 21st century: Seth Baumrin’s work in Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Ewelina Topolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
European Public ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
The Individual

The paper describes how two European theatre groups, Subpoetics and Gershom, led by an American director, Seth Baumrin, use artistic tools to bring about political and social change. Their creative projects are aimed at combating nationalism and racism, while building a more open and more humane society, based on the dignity and self-respect of the individual, which are considered a necessary precondition of respect for others. The article testifies to the transformative power of the workshops and performances that Baumrin and his associates offer the European public, and the author supports her observations with well-established theories from the area of theatre studies and psychology. As up until now no other academic papers have been published on the subject, a large share of the information included in this article comes from primary sources such as interviews, informal conversations and direct observation.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF AESTHETIC CULTURE OF PERSONALITY IN THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Muayad Karam
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Aesthetic Attitude ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Of Students

The article focuses on the fact that human spirituality is crucial and includes values, value orientations, based on the general culture of man, in particular on aesthetic culture. In the process of research, the cultural direction in the education of students and their socialization were highlighted. A retrospective analysis of the scientific literature was carried out, which made it possible to state that culture is a complex formation of values, activities, personal aspects and has no unambiguous and universal definition. It is found that it is precisely in the dialogue between the person and the subject that due to the aesthetic attitude of the subject, the sensual existence of the object personality is included in the cultural system. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, a schematic representation of the mechanisms of influence of aesthetic personality culture on its behavior and other types of human activity is proposed. It is proposed to outline the aesthetic personality culture as an element of the general personality culture, which provides: analysis of input (external) attitudes, norms, values through the prism of personality outlook; a synthesis based on their own cultural views, beliefs and norms of behavior; organization according to them, ways of interaction of the subject with other people, activity in the world, creative activity and self-improvement. This is the basis for the formation of the development of aesthetic personality culture, in particular, the modern specialist in the process of his professional training, socialization. It is suggested to consider aesthetic culture as an integral personal formation in the process of socialization of personality, characterized by the ability of the individual to perceive, evaluate and realize the beautiful in everyday life, nature, art.

Sources and methods in the British impressment debate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-746
Author(s):  
J. Ross Dancy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Naval Officers ◽  
Naval Service

British naval impressment has been the subject of debate for centuries. In the 18th century, it produced political debates and resistance from maritime communities, and it was generally disliked by naval officers tasked with pressing men into naval service. After the effective end of the practice in 1815, it was hotly debated in parliament and finally abolished in the mid-19th century. Since then, impressment has been the topic of a scholarly debate that has become increasingly active over the last two decades. In the 21st century, impressment matters for its political and moral implications. The modern debate has, regrettably, broken down and entrenched historians into camps where the different sides have begun to talk past one another, rather than examining how different approaches to the subject actually fit together. This article examines the current state of the debate and offers a path forward that illustrates that none of the scholarly approaches are mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be combined to produce a greater historical understanding of the 18th-century Atlantic world.

scholarly journals Dlaczego jedzenie musi być piękne?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Dominika Zagrodzka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Erotic

Dlaczego jedzenie musi być piękne?W  artykule omawiam problem estetyzacji jedzenia. Analizuję dwudziestojednowieczne manifesty napisane przez szefów kuchni, takie jak Open Letter to the Chefs of Tomorrow i  Statement on the ʻnew cookeryʼ. Szczególnie interesuje mnie język, jakiego używają, mówiąc o  jedzeniu i  gotowaniu. Często jest on podobny do języka używanego do opisu sztuki i  procesu twórczego. Przykładowo, jednym z  najpopularniejszych terminów jest termin „interpretacja”, dotyczący zarówno działań kucharzy, jak i  jedzących. Podkreśla się, że akt jedzenia powinien być całościowym doświadczeniem i  dostarczać emocji zarezerwowanych dla sztuki. Czy rzeczywiście możemy mówić o  podobieństwie jedzenia do dzieła sztuki i  gotowania do tworzenia? Odwołując się między innymi do rezultatów wstępnych badań, jakie prowadziłam, chcę pokazać, jak koncepcja estetyzacji codzienności Wolfganga Welscha koresponduje z  ideą Georga Simmla o  estetycznej sile wspólnego stołu. Okazuje się, że chodzi nie tylko o  podawanie pięknych dań. Aby osiągnąć satysfakcję estetyczną z  posiłku, szczególnie ważne jest, z  kim i  w  jakim otoczeniu jemy. Wspólnota jest czymś nadbudowanym nad jednostkową satysfakcją. Roland Barthes zaznaczał także, że reguły i  zakazy obowiązujące podczas jedzenia zostały stworzone, aby ukryć erotyczny, indywidualny aspekt jedzenia. Why food must be beautiful?In my article I discuss the problem of the anesthetization of food. I analyzed the 21st century manifestos written by the chefs, including Open Letter to the Chefs of Tomorrow and Statement on the »new cookery«. I am particularly interested in the language they use talking about food and cooking. It is often similar to the language which is used to describe the work of art and the creative process. For example, the most popular term is ‘interpretation’ concerning the activities of cooks and eaters. It is emphasized that the act of eating is supposed to be holistic experience and should provide feelings reserved for art. But how much can you actually talk about the similarity of food to the pieces of art and about the similarity of cooking to creating something? Referring to the results of the preliminary research that I conducted, I want to show how to combine Wolfgang Welsch’s concepts about everyday aesthetisation and Georg Simmel’s ideas about the aesthetic power of a community table. It turns out that it is not just about to serve beautiful plates. To be satisfied with the meal it is also important who we eat with and in what setting. The community is something appearing over the individual satisfaction. Roland Barthes admitted that the rules and prohibitions are designed also to cover the erotic aspects of feasting.

scholarly journals Los valores literarios en las enseñanzas de régimen general. El caso de la Ley de Educación de Andalucía

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-358
Author(s):  
Elia Saneleuterio ◽  
Rocío López-García-Torres
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
School Context ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Sobre Todo

Resumen:Nuestro estudio parte de un planteamiento educativo integral, donde todas las dimensiones de la persona, así como los valores que se relacionan con ellas, deben ser potenciadas, y en concreto las que se derivan de la concepción humana que propone el profesor Gervilla (2008, p. 64): “animal de inteligencia emocional, singular y libre en sus decisiones, de naturaleza abierta o relacional, en el espacio y en el tiempo”.Siendo esenciales los valores estéticos en relación con esta dimensión, resulta evidente que la educación literaria supone un aspecto fundamental en la formación del alumnado, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta su papel en el desarrollo de la creatividad, clave de la educación del mañana para pedagogos como Gerver o Robinson, responsables de las teorías más innovadoras del siglo XXI, cuyo desarrollo ha obtenido gran acogida entre la comunidad científica. La capacidad para crear y disfrutar de la belleza puede ser abordada también desde diversas disciplinas facilitadoras de valores estéticos, si bien estimamos que la literatura se erige en un medio privilegiado en el contexto escolar, al basarse en el lenguaje y en la comunicación verbal.Dadas estas consideraciones, puede afirmarse que la atención a los valores literarios, como parte de la formación de la creatividad, debe ser convenientemente considerada en la legislación vigente.Así pues, nuestra investigación se completa con un análisis axiológico de una realidad legislativa concreta, la andaluza, que nos lleva a concluir que los valores literarios no están suficientemente contenidos en ella, por lo que consideramos que dicha carencia debería ser objeto de reflexión y subsanación en próximas revisiones normativas.Our study is based on a comprehensive educational approach in which all the dimensions of a person, as well as the values related to them, must be strengthened, especially those concrete dimensions as proposed by Professor Gervilla (2008, p. 64): “animal de inteligencia emocional, singular y libre en sus decisiones, de naturaleza abierta o relacional, en el espacio y en el tiempo”.Because the aesthetic values are essential in relation to this dimension, it becomes quite evident that literary education plays a fundamental role in student formation, especially when one takes into account its role in the development of creativity. Creativity is the key for tomorrow’s education according to pedagogues such as Gerver or Robinson who are responsible for the 21st century´s most innovative theories, and the development of the latter has been well received among the scientific community. The ability to create and enjoy beauty can also be addressed from various guiding disciplines of aesthetic values if we perceive that literature is set up as a privileged means in the school context in relation to language and verbal communication.Given these circumstances, it can be argued that attention to literary values, as part of the formation of creativity, must be properly considered in the current legislation.Therefore, our research is completed with an axiological analysis of a concrete legislative reality, the Andalusian, which leads us to conclude that literary values are not sufficiently contained therein, and we believe that this deficiency should be the subject of reflection and correction in future regulatory reviews.

scholarly journals The Sublime as a Response to Terror: A Study of Empiricism and Transcendence in Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s “El monte de las ánimas”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan DeVirgilis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

This paper studies the relationship between 18th century Enlightenment philosophy and 19th century Romantic expression by relating the Burkean and Kantian conceptualizations of the sublime to Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s leyenda, “El monte de las ánimas.” Although Burke opts for an empirical approach while Kant takes a transcendental approach, both theories highlight the contradictory philosophical platform of the Enlightenment: individual>society. The shift in focus from the social to the individual is evidenced in 19th century literary production through Bécquer’s treatment of the relationship between the subject and the empirical and metaphysical worlds. In this paper, this relationship is studied through the representations of objects and sounds that are all used to inspire one sensation: terror. These representations convey the menacing aspects of nature, break the boundaries of time and space, and juxtapose reality and unreality. In this way, the analysis suggests that the narrative and descriptive techniques used to represent the terror experienced by the characters aim to inspire a similar effect on the reader, while also indicating that the philosophy of the Enlightenment provides the theoretical underpinnings for Romantic expression in the 19th century.

scholarly journals The individual self in search of the livability of its life questions concerning contemporary aesthetics in view of present sensibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-700
Author(s):  
Burkhard Liebsch
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

This essay interprets the aesthetic (that is founded in aisthesis) with respect to conceptions of an individual, sensitive self which came to the fore since 18th-century anthropology. For the sake of the livability of its life, this self must inevitably get involved in extra-ordinary latitudes of a sensibility which can demand too much of it at any time and which cannot get sublated in a largely normalized life. Final considerations refer to questions of practical forms of life in which that interest presently takes shape.

scholarly journals Мотиви містичної танатології в поетичній книзі Григорія Варсави Сковороди Сад божественных пѣсней, прозябшій из зерн Священнаго Писанія

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Irena Betko
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The motifs of mystical thanatology in The Garden of Divine Songs by Gregory SkovorodaThe article deals with the role that religious-philosophical reflection about death plays in Gregory Skovoroda’s poetical book The Garden of Divine Songs. The subject matter is based not only on the themes of the Bible but also on the individual mystical experience of this great Ukrainian poet of the 18th century.  Motywy mistycznej tanatologii w książce poetyckiej Hryhorija Skoworody Ogród pieśni nabożnychW książce poetyckiej Hryhorija Skoworody Ogród pieśni nabożnych ważną rolę odgrywają religijno-filozoficzne refleksje na temat śmierci. Źródłem rozważań artystycznych w zakresie wskazanej problematyki są zarówno treści Pisma Świętego, jak i osobiste doświadczenia mistyczne wybitnego osiemnastowiecznego poety ukraińskiego.

scholarly journals Aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Irina L'vovna Ponomarenko ◽  
Oksana Aleksandrovna Kondrashikhina ◽  
Lyudmila Borisovna Kadysheva
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
State University ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual

The subject of this research is the aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress. The goal of this article consists in studying the aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in dealing with stressful conditions of the individual. The following empirical methods were employed in the course of research: free descriptions technique of D. A. Leontiev, the scale of resistance to sources of stress of E. V. Raspopin; and Spearman's rank correlation criterion for statistical verification of determined trends and data analysis. The research involved 44 respondents – the students of the faculty of Philology of Sevastopol State University, aged from 17 to 23. It is established that resistance to certain sources of stress is clearly associated with the peculiarities of aesthetic consciousness of the individual; the following dependency is traced: the freer the subject feels in describing an aesthetic object, and the more diverse are his aesthetic reasoning, the higher is his stress resistance level in accordance with the component “Self-others” , and at the same time the lower is his resistance to stressors “the Self”. Therefore, in implementation of art therapy techniques for dealing with stressful conditions of the individual, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the development of aesthetic consciousness of the individual, readiness and ability to work with the complex visual stimuli. The scientific novelty of lies in revealing the role of aesthetic consciousness of the individual as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress.

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