Race in Global Perspective

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Vergara-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Race and racism are key analytical constructs that express fundamental issues not only of power and inequality, but also of justice, democracy, equity, and emancipation. The study of race in the social sciences is an established, dynamic, multidisciplinary, and international field. Work began at the end of the 19th century. To study race with a global perspective, it is necessary to have a transdisciplinary view to read critically the phenomena that intersect with this variable. This field includes contributions from sociology, history, philosophy, legal studies, anthropology, cultural studies, political science, epidemiology, and journalism, among others. Several declarations have been made in recent years about the alleged end of racism or the end of a race-coded era. However, even though they are not new, every time they resurge these doxas underline new regimes of truth, reconfigure racisms, and strength inequality. The vast literature produced by scholars in this field provides evidence of how race is based on narratives created to enslave, subordinate, exploit, and exclude millions of human beings across the globe.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS OF ALLAMA IQBAL AND IMAM GHAZALI IN THE OPINION OF EDUCATIONIST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ideal Teacher ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideal Student ◽  
Made In

The study on a comparative study of educational thoughts of Allama Iqbal and Imam Ghazali) is made in order to know the contribution of Allama Iqbal Imam Ghazali in the educational system of Muslim world. Researcher use qualitative approach for this research in which interview was taken from the educationist of the Loralai city. Thoughts of both philosophers were analyzed by the respondents in which these results are found. These prominent philosophers have contributed a lot to the educational system of Muslim Umma. In the research it has been found that both legend philosophers ask that student should have to avoided bad character and they should have to adopt soul purity as well. Respect of teachers learning of Quran and Hadith, morality generosity and civility should have their actual and obligatory habits in their entire life. It has been concluded that an ideal student should adopt the useful and technical knowledge and he must have a clear and manifest objective of his knowledge in future to get desire target. The purpose of gaining Education is beneficial for society and individual as well. Apart from these, education will develop the student socially, morally and spiritually equally well. Education brings changes and efforts in human beings. The most important responsibility of the teacher is to develop spiritual insight and realize the difficulties of the students. it is the prime responsibility of the teacher to recognize the knowledge, ability and aptitude of the learners and motivate students towards lesson which is important to educational process. An ideal teacher disseminates the truth and teaches others without desire of getting reward or in the name of fame in the world. He follows the teaching of Islam truly. He should possess good moral and ethical character and act like role model for his students because the students learn from his character. Revealed knowledge i.e. Quran and Sunnah are the compulsory component of the curriculum. The subjects relating to humanities and social sciences essential for the social, material and spiritual betterment of humanity. In this context, Islamic culture and cultural languages, particularly Arabic should be the part of curriculum. Some recommendations for students’ teachers and curriculum development are that the students and teachers should recognize their responsibilities. Teacher should develop his own and student’s spiritual insight he should motivate students towards the learning process which is important for the educational process. He should simplify the difficult concepts and start learning from simple to complex and he should be sympathetic and Kind to the students. Students should put emphasis on soul purity he should not proud of themselves upon knowledge. He should learn the Quran and Hadiths. He must obey their parents, teacher and elders and should possess modesty, generosity and civility.   

scholarly journals The possible as a field of inquiry

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Petre Glăveanu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Made In

In this editorial I introduce the possible as an emerging field of inquiry in psychology and related disciplines. Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in connected areas – counterfactual thinking, anticipation, prospection, imagination and creativity, etc. – and several calls have been formulated in the social sciences to study human beings and societies as systems that are open to possibility and to the future. However, engaging with the possible, in the sense of both becoming aware of it and actively exploring it, represents a subject in need of further theoretical elaboration. In this paper, I review several existing approaches to the possible before briefly outlining a new, sociocultural account. While the former are focused on cognitive processes and uphold the old dichotomy between the possible and the actual or real, the latter grows out of a social ontology grounded in notions of difference, positions, perspectives, reflexivity, and dialogue. In the end, I argue that a better understanding of the possible can help us cultivate it in both mind and society.

scholarly journals On the Colonial Past of Anthropology: Teaching Race and Coloniality in the Global South

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Andrea dos Santos Soares
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
The Social ◽  
International University ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
Racial Hierarchies ◽  
Made In ◽  
Afro Brazilian

This article addresses some of the discussions taking place at the Social Sciences program of the Afro-Brazilian International University for Lusophone Integration (UNILAB), such as the coloniality of knowledge, racial hierarchies, and anthropology’s complicity in colonialism. The article reviews current literature and draws on ethnographic fieldwork for two main purposes: First, to analyze how Afro–Brazilians, and Afro–Brazilian culture have been depicted and used in the process of national formation. Second, to examine the role that social and anthropological analysis played by dismissing “race” and “racism” as a structuring feature of Brazilian society. I propose that the ethics of an anthropological praxis aiming to create the necessary conditions for a different kind of knowledge to emerge, would be critically reflective about its own process of knowledge production, and aware as well, of voices and locations where this knowledge is being produced. The process of decolonization relies on epistemological choices made in the field, at the institutional level within the departments and programs, and in classrooms.

Field Work: An Introduction to the Social Sciences.

1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Kurt W. Back ◽  
Buford H. Junker ◽  
Everett C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Introduction: Computer Simulations in Social Epistemology

Episteme ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Douven
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Status

Over recent decades, computer simulations have become a common tool among practitioners of the social sciences. They have been utilized to study such diverse phenomena as the integration and segregation of different racial groups, the emergence and evolution of friendship networks, the spread of gossip, fluctuations of housing prices in an area, the transmission of social norms, and many more. Philosophers of science and others interested in the methodological status of these studies have identified a number of distinctive virtues of the use of computer simulations. For instance, it has been generally appreciated that as simulations require the formulation of an explicit algorithm, they foster precision and clarity about whatever conceptual issues are involved in the study. The value of computer simulations as a heuristic tool for developing hypotheses, models, and theories has also been recognized, as has been the fact that they can serve as a substitute for real experiments. This is especially useful in the social domain, given that human beings cannot be freely manipulated at the discretion of the experimenter (for both points, see Hartmann 1996). However, the main virtue of computer simulations is generally believed to be that they are able to deal with the complexities that arise when many elements interact in a highly dynamic system and which often evade an exact formal analysis (see, e.g., Humphreys 1991).

scholarly journals Feminist Methods and Sources in Criminology and Criminal Justice

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Howe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Advanced Education ◽  
Justice Research ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Methods ◽  
Criminal Justice Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criminology And Criminal Justice

AbstractThis article by Adrian Howe is based on a presentation given at the ‘Sources and Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice Conference’ in November 2015, jointly sponsored by the Institute of Advanced Education and the Socio-Legal Studies Association. She begins by querying whether there are indeed distinct feminist methods in the social sciences. She outlines the impact of what she calls the ‘methodical revolution’ on the criminology discipline, Foucault's contribution and Foucauldian methodologies deployed in criminological and criminal justice research.

Writing History: Problems of Neutrality

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-126
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Value Neutrality ◽  
Made In

Part 2 Writing History: Problems of Neutrality This Part of the book challenges widespread assumptions that, where it matters, it is possible or desirable for historians to avoid value judgements and the sorts of evocative descriptions that imply or could reasonably be expected to prompt such judgements. The first section distinguishes between History and particular traditions within the social sciences in order to show why the ‘rules’ about moral evaluation can be different in these differing endeavours. The second section establishes the widespread existence of evocations and evaluations in the very labelling and description of many historical phenomena, suggesting not just how peculiar works of History would look in their absence of evocations and appraisals, but that their absence would often distort what is being reported. These arguments are key to the distinction made in the third section about rejecting value neutrality as a governing ideal while insisting on truthfulness as a historian’s primary duty. The fourth section highlights the nature of most historical accounts as composites of a range of perspectives as it considers questions of context, agency, outcome, and experience. The composition gives rise to the overall impression, evaluative or evocative, provided by the work. The fifth section brings together a number of the chapter’s themes as it examines an important case of the historian’s judgement—judgement about the legitimacy of power in past worlds where legitimacy could be as contested as often today.

Field Work: An Introduction to the Social Sciences

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Robert H. Amundson ◽  
Buford H. Junker
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Social

Epidemiology and the Scientific Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

This article refutes the claim that the field of epidemiology and community health would benefit from the application of the scientific method. It is argued that the methods of physics are not appropriate for other disciplines. When applied to the social sciences, positivism is a conservatizing force, causing theory to become based on a mere description of social phenomenon. Since it cannot lead to a deep understanding of social phenomena, positivism is incapable of revealing ways in which society could be radically changed. Moreover, such theory is far from neutral. Rather, it is formed and influenced by the forms of life experienced and practiced in the society. This is illustrated by an analysis of the origin of modern physics at the time when society was changing from a feudal to capitalist form of organization. It is concluded that advances will be made in epidemiology and community health when this field breaks from its focus on the individual and incorporates class into its analysis. However, given the interconnection between social structure and social theory, resistance to such a radical change can be expected.

Comments

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Karl R. Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Made In

In recent years there has been a deplorable lack of interest in Austria in the historical role of the Jews in Central Europe. Given the general trends towards internationalization of the social sciences and the interdisciplinary method of analysis, this neglect is most distressing. Presumably this lack of scholarly interest is related to the fact that since World War II the Central European Jews no longer constitute a distinct ethnic and religious group. Apart from studies made in university institutes for Jewish studies and in occasional publications which have mainly treated various aspects of “the holocaust,” most studies have approached Jewish history only collaterally by focusing on anti-Semitism.

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