scholarly journals Spread of Coronavirus 2019 From Wuhan to Rural Villages in the Hubei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolin You ◽  
Zijing Wu ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dehua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan to rural villages in the Hubei Province. Methods The analysis revealed the following: (1) COVID-19 spread from Wuhan to other cities and rural areas in Hubei, but the disease did not become widespread in rural villages because of strict prevention measures and urbanization; (2) according to the fluctuation in the number of confirmed cases reported in Hubei after January 23, 2020, we inferred that the infected patients on the same day will become ill during the next 20 days; (3) the advanced traffic system facilitates the direct spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan to counties, towns, and villages in the Hubei Province. Results There is a low possibility of COVID-19 spread from prefecture-level cities to rural areas. Conclusions The findings imply that the government should limit the travelers from the cities to the rural areas, pay more attention to the prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in cities, and appropriately prolong the isolated observation period of travelers.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Public's Acceptance of Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Zhang ◽  
Xiang Wu ◽  
Jingqi Gao ◽  
Yongbao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: China has basically succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, which is due to the cooperation and acceptance of epidemic prevention measures by the public. However, few studies have examined the measures China has taken to combat COVID-19 in order to reflect on its success in curbing the the spread of epidemic.Methods: In this study, the public acceptance questionnaire was designed based on the epidemic prevention measures adopted in China, to investigate the difference of public acceptance of epidemic prevention measures. The survey data was collected from 2,062 samples with different demographic characteristics from March 8, 2020 to April 9, 2020. And SPSS was used to analyze the data collected in the questionnaire, such as one-way variance, so as to draw conclusions.Results: The results show that age and educational level have a significant influence on public acceptance. In contrast gender and occupation field has no significant impact on it. The acceptance of the emergency prevention and control measures taken by the government during the epidemic period is generally high. With the development of the epidemic, the acceptability is increasing. And the public acceptance of traffic measures was highest. Conclusions: Rapid deployment of epidemic prevention measures and appropriate methods in transportation, economy and education are the key to China's effective containment of the epidemic. Measures such as shutting down cities and encouraging the wearing of masks deserve to be copied by other countries. This study summed up China's scientific experience in the fight against COVID-19 and differences in public acceptance. It can provide a positive reference for the development of epidemic prevention measures in other countries.

scholarly journals THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS AND KEY OBSTACLES OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COVID–19 IN THAILAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Surachart Nanongkhai ◽  
Korawik Pornimit ◽  
Anongwan Upradit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Key Success Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

Health workforces in both urban and rural areas in Thailand formed a professional public health association (CPHA) in 2005 and pushed the government to enact the Community - Public Health Professional Act (CPH Act) until success in 2013. The purpose of CPH council is to regulate its member practice with professional standard and professional ethics. By law, the president of the CPHA is a member of the professional council by position and CPHA have to support the activities of CPH council. The objective of this study is to describe the opinion of the members of the CPHA executive board about the key success factors and t obstacles of administration of the COVID – 19 during the lockdown period in Thailand. Delphi technique is a process of arriving at group consensus by providing experts with rounds of questionnaires, as well as the group response before each subsequent round. The group of experts are 24 members of the CPHA executive board. By collecting data between March - July 2020. There were unmatched and different opinions in the first round, but when presented with the same information. In the second round, more than 75% agreed that the factors that were most important to the administration of COVID – 19 prevention and control were 100% or consensus are leadership of health workforces, accurate knowledge and information of workers in COVID prevention and control, and unity level of work together as a team. The top three obstacles were 83.33%, a centrally defined committee structure, equal to the normality regulations that were not appropriate with the COVID – 19 situations and 79.17 sufficiency of supporting essential materials. The results of this study are consistent with the WHO Framework’s Six Building Blocks.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Public's Acceptance of Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Zhang ◽  
Xiang Wu ◽  
Jingqi Gao ◽  
Yongbao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: China has basically succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, which is due to the cooperation and acceptance of epidemic prevention measures by the public. However, few studies have examined the measures China has taken to combat COVID-19 in order to reflect on its success in curbing the the spread of epidemic.Methods: In this study, the public acceptance questionnaire was designed based on the epidemic prevention measures adopted in China, to investigate the difference of public acceptance of epidemic prevention measures. The survey data was collected from 2,062 samples with different demographic characteristics from March 8, 2020 to April 9, 2020. And SPSS was used to analyze the data collected in the questionnaire, such as one-way variance, so as to draw conclusions.Results: The results show that age and educational level have a significant influence on public acceptance. In contrast gender and occupation field has no significant impact on it. The acceptance of the emergency prevention and control measures taken by the government during the epidemic period is generally high. With the development of the epidemic, the acceptability is increasing. And the public acceptance of traffic measures was highest. Conclusions: Rapid deployment of epidemic prevention measures and appropriate methods in transportation, economy and education are the key to China's effective containment of the epidemic. Measures such as shutting down cities and encouraging the wearing of masks deserve to be copied by other countries.This study summed up China's scientific experience in the fight against COVID-19 and differences in public acceptance. It can provide a positive reference for the development of epidemic prevention measures in other countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Liyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

scholarly journals Prevention and Control of COVID-19 by Primary Health Care Facilities in China: A Field- Survey-Based Qualitative Study in Three Typical Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Yan ◽  
Teng-yang Fan ◽  
Yan-ling Zheng ◽  
Hai-qin Yang ◽  
Tian-shu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN HUBEI PROVINCE, CHINA

2015 ◽  
Vol II-4/W2 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
H. Fan ◽  
L. Ge ◽  
L. Song ◽  
Q. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
And Control

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) is a worldwide fulminant infectious disease. Since the first HFRS cases in Hubei Province were reported in 1957, the disease has spread across the province and Hubei has become one of seriously affected areas in China. However, the epidemic characteristics of HFRS are still not entirely clear. Therefore, a systematic investigation of spatial and temporal distribution pattern of HFRS system is needed. In order to facilitate better prevention and control of HFRS in Hubei Province, in this paper, a GIS spatiotemporal analysis and modeling tool was developed to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of the HFRS epidemic, as well as providinga comprehensive examination the dynamic pattern of HFRS in Hubei over the past 30 years (1980-2009), to determine spatiotemporal change trends and the causes of HFRS. This paper describes the experiments and their results.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Silver Dihydrogen Citrate and Steam Vapor against a Human Norovirus Surrogate, Feline Calicivirus, in Suspension, on Glass, and on Carpet

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buckley ◽  
Muthu Dharmasena ◽  
Angela Fraser ◽  
Charles Pettigrew ◽  
Jeffery Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Hard Surface ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACTCarpets and other soft surfaces have been associated with prolonged and reoccurring human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks. Environmental hygiene programs are important to prevent and control HuNoV outbreaks. Despite our knowledge of HuNoV transmission via soft surfaces, no commercially available disinfectants have been evaluated on carpets. Our aim was to adapt a current standardized method for virucidal testing by assessing two disinfection technologies, silver dihydrogen citrate (SDC) and steam vapor, against one HuNoV surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV), on wool and nylon carpets. First, we evaluated the effect of both technologies on the appearance of carpet. Next, we evaluated the efficacy of SDC in suspension and the efficacy of SDC and steam vapor against FCV on a glass surface, each with and without serum. Lastly, we tested both technologies on two types of carpet, wool and nylon. Both carpets exhibited no obvious color changes; however, SDC treatments left a residue while steam vapor left minor abrasions to fibers. SDC in suspension and on glass reduced FCV by 4.65 log10and >4.66 log10PFU, respectively, but demonstrated reduced efficacy in the presence of serum. However, SDC was only efficacious against FCV on nylon (3.62-log10PFU reduction) and not wool (1.82-log10PFU reduction). Steam vapor reduced FCV by >4.93 log10PFU on glass in 10 s and >3.68 log10PFU on wool and nylon carpet carriers in 90 s. There was a limited reduction of FCV RNA under both treatments compared to that of infectivity assays, but RNA reductions were higher in samples that contained serum.IMPORTANCEHuman noroviruses (HuNoV) account for ca. 20% of all diarrheal cases worldwide. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea and vomit, with both known to contribute to transmission. The prevention and control of HuNoV are difficult because they are environmentally resilient and resistant to many disinfectants. Several field studies have linked both hard and soft surfaces to HuNoV outbreaks. However, many disinfectants efficacious against HuNoV surrogates are recommended for hard surfaces, but no commercially available products have demonstrated efficacy against these surrogates on soft surfaces. Our research objectives were to evaluate liquid and steam-based technologies in suspension and on hard surface carriers in addition to adapting and testing a protocol for assessing the virucidal effects of disinfection technologies on carpet carriers. These results will inform both the government and industry regarding a standard method for evaluating the virucidal effects of disinfectants on carpet while demonstrating their efficacy relative to suspension and hard-surface tests.

scholarly journals Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Hyperbolic Tangent ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

AbstractIn the present study, I propose a novel fitting method to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. The fitted data were selected carefully from the non-Hubei part and Hubei Province of China respectively. For the non-Hubei part, the time period of data collection corresponds from the beginning of the policy of isolation to present day. But for Hubei Province, the subjects of Wuhan City and Hubei Province were included from the time of admission to the Huoshenshan Hospital to present day in order to ensure that all or the majority of the confirmed and suspected patients were collected for diagnosis and treatment. The employed basic functions for fitting are the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) since in these cases the 2019-nCoV is just an epidemic. Subsequently, the 2019-nCoV will initially expand rapidly and tend to disappear. Therefore, the numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and geographical regions will initially increase rapidly and subsequently stabilize to a plateau phase. The selection of the basic functions for fitting is crucial. In the present study, I found that the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) could satisfy the aforementioned properties. By this novel method, I can obtain two significant results. They base on the conditions that the rigorous isolation policy is executed continually. Initially, I can predict the numbers very accurately of the cumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and parts in China, notably, in Wuhan City with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.021\%$$ 0.021 % , in Hubei Province with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.012\%$$ 0.012 % and in the non-Hubei part of China with the smallest relative error of $$-$$ -  0.195% in the short-term period of infection. In addition, perhaps I can predict the times when the plateau phases will occur respectively in different regions in the long-term period of infection. Generally for the non-Hubei part of China, the plateau phase of the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV will be expected this March or at the end of this February. In the non-Hubei region of China it is expected that the epidemic will cease on the 30th of March 2020 and following this date no new confirmed patient will be expected. The predictions of the time of Inflection Points and maximum NACP for some important regions may be also obtained. A specific plan for the prevention measures of the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be implemented. This will involve the present returning to work and resuming production in China. Based on the presented results, I suggest that the rigorous isolation policy by the government should be executed regularly during daily life and work duties. Moreover, as many as possible the confirmed and suspected cases should be collected to diagnose or treat.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

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