scholarly journals 194. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Data of Staphylococcus lugdunensis After the Implementation of Rapid Molecular Blood Culture Diagnostics (Verigene® Gram-Positive Blood Culture Nucleic Acid Test)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S204-S205
Author(s):  
Kristin Constance ◽  
Alauna Hunt ◽  
Sam Karimaghaei ◽  
Juliet Chijioke ◽  
Violeta Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background S. lugdunensis is a coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) demonstrating high level pathogenicity. In contrast to other CoNS, S. lugdunensis (SL) remains susceptible to most antibiotics. Prior to the implementation of Verigene®, SL was identified by provider request only. We sought to describe the susceptibility data of SL isolated from blood culture after the implementation of multiplex PCR, as well as to determine the correlation of the mecA gene provided by Verigene® and oxacillin resistance. Methods Retrospective review of all blood culture isolates positive for SL from two major hospital systems, Memorial Hermann Hospital System (14 hospitals) and HarrisHealth System (two acute care hospitals) identified on Verigene® PCR. Multiple isolates detected from the same patients were excluded from this analysis. Memorial Hermann utilized Microscan®, and HarrisHealth utilized BD Phoenix® for susceptibility testing. Results Between 2017 – 2021, 157 patients were identified with SL positive blood cultures. Of them, 141 isolates had susceptibility data collected, which is summarized in table 1. Resistance rates were highest amongst clindamycin 97/141 (68.8 %) susceptible, erythromycin 98/141 (69.5%) susceptible, and oxacillin 120/141 (85.1%) susceptible. 127/141 (90.1%) of isolates were tested for mecA on Verigene®. 13 of 21 oxacillin resistant isolates were from pure culture, of these isolates, none had mecA detected. Conclusion In our study, clindamycin and erythromycin demonstrated similar susceptibility compared to prior studies in the literature, however oxacillin susceptibility rate was lower than expected at 85.1%, compared to 95.3% in a prior large-scale United States based study in 2017. Absence of mecA gene detection on multiplex PCR did not correlate with oxacillin susceptibility suggesting that oxacillin susceptibility cannot be accurately predicted by the use of multiplex PCR systems, such as Verigene®, as demonstrated in Table 2. Our study also suggested that increased prevalence of oxacillin resistant SL isolates may be emerging. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Siugzdaite ◽  
A. Gabinaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Resistance Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy dogs and to determine whether methicillin-resistant staphylococci expressed the mecA gene. Nasal and rectal swab samples were taken from 50 clinically healthy dogs. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci was evaluated according to phenotypic properties. The agar diffusion method was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of methicillin resistance was determined using PCR analysing the mecA gene. A total of 59 coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains were isolated from the nostrils and rectums of 37 (74%) clinically healthy dogs. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in female dogs was significantly higher compared with male dogs (P < 0.05). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 6.7% of the strains were resistant to oxacillin, 23.7% were resistant to penicillin, 22% to ampicillin and 16.9% to erythromycin. The mecA PCR revealed one oxacillin-sensitive and four oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains to be mecA carriers. Staphylococcus sciuri (60%) and Staphylococcus warneri (20%) were the most prevalent species among methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci. High antimicrobial resistance rates for these bacteria were observed against penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), oxacillin (80%), erythromycin (80%) and gentamicin (60%). All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and enrofloxacin. It is assumed that methicillin-resistance genes evolved in coagulase-negative staphylococcus and were then horizontally transferred among staphylococci.

scholarly journals Five-year evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing bloodstream infections in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Pourakbari ◽  
Alireza Sadr ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani ◽  
Setareh Mamishi ◽  
Mahdi Dehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance

Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens causing BSI can limit therapeutic options and complicate patient management. Methodology: To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in our pediatric population at Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, we studied the frequency and antibiogram patterns of blood culture isolates from January 2001 to December 2005. Results: Of 25,223 blood cultures examined, 2,581 (10.23 %) were positive for bacterial growth. The frequency of Gram-positive bacteria isolated was 47.6% (1228 of 2581) and that for Gram-negatives was 52.4% (1353 of 2581). The rates of methicillin (oxacillin) resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were 79% and 89%, respectively. About 45% of Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and approximately 66% to penicillin. Among the Gram-negative isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most frequently isolated, representing 943 (36.7%) over five years. This possibly represents an unrecognized hospital outbreak or contamination of blood culture bottles or other products such as skin disinfectants. Additionally, this pathogen showed extremely high rates of antimicrobial resistance. There were notable differences in frequency of the five most common microorganisms isolated from blood cultures, which can help set priorities for focused infection control efforts. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the need to monitor blood culture isolates and their antimicrobial resistance patterns to observe resistance trends that would influence appropriate empiric treatment and infection control strategies for bacteremic children.  

scholarly journals 200. Prospective Evaluation of the GenMark Dx ePlex® Blood Culture Identification Gram Positive Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S208-S208
Author(s):  
Jeremy Meeder ◽  
Derek Moates ◽  
Hannah Pierce ◽  
Jamie Hutchinson ◽  
Cameron White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Material Support

Abstract Background The ePlex BCID Gram-Positive (GP) panel utilizes electrowetting technology to detect the most common causes of GP bacteremia (20 targets) and 4 antimicrobial resistance genes in positive blood culture bottles. Rapid detection of intrinsic vancomycin resistance and acquired resistance genes (mecA, mecC, vanA, vanB) enables early optimization of antimicrobial therapy whereas early detection of common contaminants decreases unnecessary antibiotic utilization and hospitalizations. Methods In this prospective study, we evaluated the performance of the BCID-GP panel compared to traditional standard of care culture and susceptibility testing with organism identification using the BioMerieux Vitek MS Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) Time of Flight mass spectrometry. Samples submitted for standard of care testing in Biomerieux BacT/Alert resin FA/FN blood culture bottles on the BacT/Alert VIRTUO automated blood culture system with GP bacteria on direct exam (n=100) were included. Results All GP bacteria were represented on the BCID-GP panel, most tests 97/100 (97%) yielded valid results, 53 common skin contaminants (50 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), 2 Bacillus, 1 Corynebacterium) were identified, and 7/7 coinfections with Gram negative (GN) bacteria were detected by the Pan GN target and identified by the BCID-GN panel. Discordant analyses revealed a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 96/97 (99%) with 1 false negative CNS and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 92/97 (94.8%) with 5 false positives for either S. epidermidis or Corynebacterium. Detection of vanA yielded a PPA of 4/4 and NPA of 9/9. mecA gene detection exhibited a PPA of 14/14 and NPA of 14/14 for S. aureus and a PPA of 31/32 (97%) and NPA of 16/16 for coagulase negative staphylococci with 1 false negative methicillin resistant S. epidermidis. Conclusion Detection of acquired vancomycin resistance (n=4) and absence of mecA gene detection in Staphylococcus species (n=30) represent opportunities for early optimization of antimicrobial therapy in 34/100 (34%) of samples. The BCID-GP panel provides rapid accurate detection of resistant isolates and common contaminants enabling high quality data driven optimization of antimicrobial therapy. Disclosures Todd P. McCarty, MD, Cidara (Grant/Research Support)GenMark (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Honoraria for Research Presentation)T2 Biosystems (Consultant) Sixto M. Leal, Jr., MD, PhD, Abnova (Grant/Research Support)AltImmune (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Astellas Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)CNINE Dx (Grant/Research Support)GenMark Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Honoraria- Research Presentation)IHMA (Grant/Research Support)IMMY Dx (Grant/Research Support)JMI/Sentry (Grant/Research Support)mFluiDx Dx (Grant/Research Support)SpeeDx Dx (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Barcelona during a five-year period, 2013 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Salmerón ◽  
Belén Viñado ◽  
Rachid El Ouazzani ◽  
Marta Hernández ◽  
María Jesús Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Level Resistance

Introduction Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause problems for treating gonorrhoea. Aim This observational study aimed to describe isolates from all patients found infected with N. gonorrhoeae, in Barcelona, Spain, between 2013 and 2017, and with available antimicrobial susceptibility data. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin (PEN), cefixime (CFM), ceftriaxone (CRO), azithromycin (AZM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), spectinomycin (SPT), fosfomycin (FOF) and gentamicin (GEN) were determined by E-test. Susceptibility was assessed using clinical breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Time trends for PEN, CFM, AZM and CIP were investigated using logistic regression. Results Of 1,979 patients with infection (2,036 isolates), 1,888 (95.4%) were men. Patient median age was 32 years. The proportions of isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were low, with 0.3% (5/1,982) resistant to CRO and 4.9% (98/1,985) to CFM. AZM resistance prevalence was 2.7% (52/1,981), including 16 isolates detected in 2016 and 2017, with high-level resistance. For CIP, 51.3% (1,018/1,986) of isolates were resistant, and for PEN, 20.1% (399/1,985). All isolates were susceptible to SPT. MIC50 and MIC90 values of GEN were 4 and 6 mg/L and of FOF 12 and 24 mg/L, respectively. Between 2013 and 2017, PEN and CFM resistance rates each decreased from 28.1% (92/327) to 12.2% (70/572) and from 8.3% (27/327) to 4.4% (25/572) (p ≤ 0.0073). In contrast, AZM resistance prevalence appeared to increase from 1.5% in 2014 (5/340) to 3.0% (17/572) in 2017. No trend was identified for CIP. Conclusion Antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is important to timely detect new phenotypes and trends.

scholarly journals Investigation of SCCmec types I–IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Effat Abbasi Montazeri ◽  
Sakineh Seyed-Mohammadi ◽  
Aram Asarehzadegan Dezfuli ◽  
Azar Dokht Khosravi ◽  
Maryam Dastoorpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Today methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are important in terms of causing significant nosocomial infections. Besides, MR-CoNS are confirmed as the reservoir of SCCmec elements that carry mecA (methicillin-resistant) gene. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility pattern, prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types I, II, III, and IV in MR-CoNS strains. In this cross-sectional study, 44 clinical isolates of MR-CoNS were identified using the cefoxitin disc method and further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion. The identification of CoNS was done by amplification and sequencing of the tuf gene. Multiplex PCR method was done for the determination of SCCmec types. In the present study, the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most predominant isolates with a prevalence of 45.4%. The highest resistance rates were observed against erythromycin (84.1%) and clindamycin (75%). Multiplex PCR revealed the SCCmec type I as the predominant type in the present study. Our study showed that there was no significant relationship between the presence of different types of SCCmec elements and resistance to antibiotics. The present study highlighted a frequent prevalence of MR-CoNS harboring SCCmec type genes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Thus, the molecular typing and periodical monitoring of their drug resistance pattern should be considered in national stewardship programs to designing useful antibiotic prescription strategies.

Intravenous Streptomycin Use in a Patient Infected with High-Level, Gentamicin-Resistant Streptococcus Faecalis

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kim-Sing ◽  
Michael B. Kays ◽  
Vivien E. James ◽  
C. Wayne Weart
Keyword(s):  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Chronic Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Citrobacter Diversus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gentamicin Therapy

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of intravenous streptomycin sulfate use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant Streptococcus faecalis. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old woman with a history of schizoaffective disorder, diabetes insipidus possibly induced by lithium, chronic renal insufficiency, and anemia presented with a two-day history of decreased responsiveness, decreased verbalization, and tremulousness. Her hospital course was complicated by polymicrobial sepsis ( S. faecalis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and unidentified gram-negative bacilli #2) requiring vancomycin and gentamicin therapy. Gentamicin was discontinued after two doses because she developed acute-on-chronic renal insufficiency. Subsequent susceptibility data showed the enterococcus to be highly resistant to gentamicin. The patient deteriorated clinically when treated only with vancomycin. She remained septic with a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg; streptomycin was added to her regimen. We were concerned that streptomycin concentrations obtained following intramuscular administration would not be adequate because of possible hypoperfusion. Based on limited published literature, streptomycin was administered intravenously via a central intravenous catheter. DISCUSSION: A review of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant S. faecalis and treatment with intravenous streptomycin therapy are discussed. The availability and monitoring of streptomycin therapy are also described. CONCLUSIONS: Streptomycin is an antimicrobial agent that must be used with vancomycin in serious infections to eradicate high-level, gentamicin-resistant S. faecalis. Its unique administration and monitoring concerns require individual patient assessment.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Profile and Microbial Susceptibility of Acute and Chronic Dacryocystitis in Matini Hospital, Kashan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nazari-Alam ◽  
Fereshteh Badie ◽  
Mehdi Shaeri ◽  
Rezvan Moniri ◽  
Hosein Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis

Background: Recent studies have shown an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in dacryocystitis. Management of diseases may include determining microbial agents and choosing appropriate antibiotics for treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to present the best treatments for dacryocystitis. To this end, specimens' microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility were examined in patients with dacryocystitis in the microbiology laboratory of the Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 172 patients presenting with acute and chronic dacryocystitis at the Matini Hospital, Kashan, between 2017 - 2018. Patient characteristics, culture isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility data were collected. The PCR assay of the mecA gene was performed in all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates. Results: The most common bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The majority of the isolated microbes were sensitive to rifampicin, linezolid, amikacin, and gentamicin. In Gram-negative bacilli, nine of the isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive. The PCR test showed the frequency of mecA gene of resistant S. aureus and resistant CoNS isolates to be 40 and 46.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was observed to rifampin, linezolid, amikacin, and gentamicin. A high percentage of CoNS carried the mecA gene.

Social inequality in the evolution of human societies

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-120
Author(s):  
Georgi Derluguian
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Economic

The author develops ideas about the origin of social inequality during the evolution of human societies and reflects on the possibilities of its overcoming. What makes human beings different from other primates is a high level of egalitarianism and altruism, which contributed to more successful adaptability of human collectives at early stages of the development of society. The transition to agriculture, coupled with substantially increasing population density, was marked by the emergence and institutionalisation of social inequality based on the inequality of tangible assets and symbolic wealth. Then, new institutions of warfare came into existence, and they were aimed at conquering and enslaving the neighbours engaged in productive labour. While exercising control over nature, people also established and strengthened their power over other people. Chiefdom as a new type of polity came into being. Elementary forms of power (political, economic and ideological) served as a basis for the formation of early states. The societies in those states were characterised by social inequality and cruelties, including slavery, mass violence and numerous victims. Nowadays, the old elementary forms of power that are inherent in personalistic chiefdom are still functioning along with modern institutions of public and private bureaucracy. This constitutes the key contradiction of our time, which is the juxtaposition of individual despotic power and public infrastructural one. However, society is evolving towards an ever more efficient combination of social initiatives with the sustainability and viability of large-scale organisations.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Genes Essential for Seedling Viability: Isolation of Insertional Mutants and Molecular Cloning

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1765-1778
Author(s):  
Gregory J Budziszewski ◽  
Sharon Potter Lewis ◽  
Lyn Wegrich Glover ◽  
Jennifer Reineke ◽  
Gary Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Genome Scale

Abstract We have undertaken a large-scale genetic screen to identify genes with a seedling-lethal mutant phenotype. From screening ~38,000 insertional mutant lines, we identified >500 seedling-lethal mutants, completed cosegregation analysis of the insertion and the lethal phenotype for >200 mutants, molecularly characterized 54 mutants, and provided a detailed description for 22 of them. Most of the seedling-lethal mutants seem to affect chloroplast function because they display altered pigmentation and affect genes encoding proteins predicted to have chloroplast localization. Although a high level of functional redundancy in Arabidopsis might be expected because 65% of genes are members of gene families, we found that 41% of the essential genes found in this study are members of Arabidopsis gene families. In addition, we isolated several interesting classes of mutants and genes. We found three mutants in the recently discovered nonmevalonate isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and mutants disrupting genes similar to Tic40 and tatC, which are likely to be involved in chloroplast protein translocation. Finally, we directly compared T-DNA and Ac/Ds transposon mutagenesis methods in Arabidopsis on a genome scale. In each population, we found only about one-third of the insertion mutations cosegregated with a mutant phenotype.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document