scholarly journals 738. Comparison of Characteristics of US International Travelers Seeking Pretravel Health Consultations at US Global TravEpiNet Sites Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S467-S467
Author(s):  
Mylinh H Le ◽  
Sowmya R Rao ◽  
Alison T Walker ◽  
Edward T Ryan ◽  
Regina C LaRocque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Visiting Friends And Relatives ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Western Pacific

Abstract Background In January–March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued multiple warnings regarding COVID-19 travel-associated risks. We sought to describe US travelers seeking pretravel consultation regarding international travel at US Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) sites before and after the initial COVID-19 travel warnings. Methods We prospectively collected data at 22 GTEN sites pre-COVID-19 (January–December 2019) and 18 GTEN sites during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020–March 2021). We excluded travelers evaluated during January–March 2020, when CDC travel guidance was evolving rapidly. Travelers used standardized questionnaires to self-report data regarding demographics and travel-related characteristics. Providers confirmed these data and documented their recommendations during pretravel consultation, which could be performed virtually. We conducted descriptive analyses of differences in demographics, travel-related characteristics, vaccinations, and medications (SAS v9.4; Cary, NC). Results Compared with 16,903 pre-COVID-19 consultations, only 1,564 consultations occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 90% reduction (Table). During COVID-19, a greater proportion of travelers were children aged 1–5 years, visiting friends and relatives (VFR), with itineraries ≥ 30 days, and going to Africa; a smaller proportion of travelers were aged > 55 years, or traveling to Southeast Asia or the Western Pacific. During COVID-19, fewer vaccine-eligible travelers received vaccines at the pretravel consultation except for yellow fever, and a greater proportion were referred to another provider for vaccination (Figure). Table. Demographics and travel-related characteristics of international travelers seeking pretravel consultation at Global TravEpiNet sites before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Table continued. Demographics and travel-related characteristics of international travelers seeking pretravel consultation at Global TravEpiNet sites before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Figure. Vaccinations and reasons for nonvaccination among vaccine-eligible international travelers at pretravel consultations at Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) sites before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among vaccine-eligible travelers, we summarized those who were vaccinated at the visit (blue) and not vaccinated (orange). We then categorized reasons for nonvaccination into: provider decision (solid), referral to another provider (dots), traveler refusal (striped), or other (hatched). COVID-19 vaccination was not available at GTEN sites during the analysis period; although COVID-19 vaccinations outside of GTEN sites might have affected vaccination recommendations, they were unlikely to have had a large effect given their limited availability in January-March 2021. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19, US travelers seeking pretravel consultations at GTEN sites during the pandemic might be at higher risk for travel-related infections given VFR status, traveling for ≥ 30 days, and going to Africa. Fewer vaccine-eligible travelers were vaccinated at pretravel consultations, which could reflect more virtual pretravel consultations. Counseling and vaccination for international travelers continue to be priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Marie Mathew ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Self Report Data

AbstractThere is a lack of research on associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and obesity among adolescents. We examined the associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and BMI in adolescents before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Self-report data were collected from 3060 adolescents (48·1 % female, mean age 15·59 (sd 0·77) years) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In regression models, social jetlag predicted odds of consumption of breakfast, fruits/vegetables, fast food and sweetened drinks and BMI percentile. Primary models adjusted for school night sleep duration, sex, age, household income and youth living arrangements; secondary models further adjusted for race/ethnicity. In fully adjusted models, greater social jetlag was associated with lower odds of consumption of breakfast (OR = 0·92, P = 0·003) and fruits/vegetables (OR = 0·92, P = 0·009) and higher odds of consumption of fast food (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001) and sweetened drinks (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001). Social jetlag was positively associated with BMI percentile after additional adjustment for eating behaviours (b = 0·84, P = 0·037), but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for race/ethnicity (b = 0·72, P = 0·072). Ethnoracial differences in social jetlag may attenuate the association of social jetlag with BMI and should be considered in future studies of circadian misalignment, eating behaviours and obesity markers.

scholarly journals 727 Impact of Washington State COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A283-A284
Author(s):  
Mary Peterson ◽  
Kirsie Lundholm ◽  
Lillian Skeiky ◽  
Hans Van Dongen ◽  
Devon Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global disruption to daily routines. Studies using surveys and sleep-related applications on mobile devices suggest that the pandemic has contributed to increases in sleep disruption or onset of new sleep disturbances. We present results from a naturalistic at-home study in which objective sleep measurements were made using both a wrist actigraph (Actiwatch-2, Philips Respironics) and a non-contact monitoring device (SleepScore Max, SleepScore Labs), comparing sleep measurements obtained immediately before and after the start of the first mandatory COVID-19 stay-at-home order in Washington State. Methods As part of a larger study, nine Washington State residents (ages 22–48, 5 female, 4 male; 6 insomniacs, 3 normal sleeper) were enrolled in a 10-week at-home sleep monitoring study, which involved 1 week of actigraphy, 8 weeks of non-contact monitoring (data available for 6 subjects), and 1 week of actigraphy. During the study, the Washington State governor issued a stay-at-home order, effective March 15, 2020. We compared sleep measurements obtained before this date (mean ± SD: 25.0 ± 15.0 nights) and after this date (25.2 ± 13.9 nights) using mixed-effects ANOVA. Results Non-contact monitoring measurements indicated that after the start of the lockdown, participants woke up later by 63.2 ± 12.1 min (mean ± SE; F[1,299]=27.40, p&lt;0.001) without significant change in bedtime (F[1,299]=0.29, p=0.59). Sleep latency lengthened by 4.0 ± 2.3 min (F[1,295]=4.92, p=0.027), and there were increases in number of awakenings (F[1,295]=6.22, p=0.013) and wake after sleep onset (F[1,295]=12.58, p&lt;0.001). Actigraphy data complemented these results, showing delayed sleep onset by 53.4 ± 15.1 min (F[1,101]=12.46, p&lt;0.001) and delayed final awakening by 104.3 ± 19.6 min (F[1,101]=28.43, p&lt;0.001), with longer sleep duration (F[1,101]=6.06, p=0.016), increased number of awakenings (F[1,101]=13.00, p&lt;0.001), and a trend for increased intermittent wakefulness (F[1,101]=3.88, p=0.052) post-lockdown. Conclusion In this sample, we found evidence of increased sleep disruption following the first Washington State stay-at-home order related to COVID-19. Our findings are consistent with previous studies based on self-report data, which observed later wake times and decreases in sleep quality post-lockdown. Support (if any) NIH grant KL2TR002317. Non-contact monitoring devices provided by SleepScore Labs.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete?: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Shareka Pentony ◽  
Dhruv Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances. Purpose This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results Across the 10 participants, 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.

scholarly journals Differential Self-control Effects: Moral Filtering and the Subsidiary Relevance of Self-control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Hirtenlehner ◽  
Heinz Leitgöb
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Self Control

AbstractCriminological research has identified low self-control as major cause of criminal activity. However, astonishingly little is known about the individual and situational characteristics that affect the functioning of self-control in relation to crime. Recent theorizing, especially in the context of Situational Action Theory, suggests that the interplay of personal and contextual morality creates a morally preselected choice set whose composition determines the relevance of self-control. Guided by the ideas of differential self-control effects and a moral filtering of action alternatives, the present inquiry investigates whether the role of self-control in crime causation depends on the power of moral factors to exclude crime from the set of the considered behavioral options. We argue that the significance of an individual’s capacity for self-control increases with a growing weakness of the moral filter, reaching its maximum when both personal and setting morality encourage criminal activity. Analyses of self-report data on adolescent vandalism delinquency provide support for differential self-control effects. The general picture is that self-control ability matters most when the strength of the moral filter hits a low, which is when both an individual’s own moral rules and the moral norms of the setting facilitate offending. Further evidence suggests that crime contemplation is highest when individual morality and setting morality jointly encourage vandalism. There is also indication that trait self-control has a greater effect on vandalism delinquency at higher levels of crime contemplation. All these results accord with the notion of a subsidiary relevance of control.

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