scholarly journals Bamlanivimab efficacy in older and high BMI outpatients with Covid-19 selected for treatment in a lottery-based allocation process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B Rubin ◽  
Jonathan A Boiarsky ◽  
Lauren A Canha ◽  
Anita Giobbie-Hurder ◽  
Mofei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Mortality Benefit ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Timely Delivery ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background Given the challenges associated with timely delivery of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy to outpatients with Covid-19 who are most likely to benefit, it is critical to understand the effectiveness of such therapy outside the context of clinical trials. Methods Case-control study of 1257 adult outpatients with Covid-19, ≥ 65 years of age or with BMI ≥ 35, who were entered into a lottery for mAb therapy. Results Patients who were called to be offered mAb therapy had a statistically significant, 44% reduction in the odds of hospitalization within 30 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test compared with those who were not called (OR 0.56, 95% CI [0.36, 0.89], P=.01). Patients who actually received bamlanivimab had a statistically significant, 68% reduction in the odds of hospitalization compared with those who did not receive bamlanivimab (OR 0.32, 95% CI [0.11, 0.93], P=0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of death between patients who were called and patients who were not called (OR 1.79, 95% CI [0.52, 6.17], P=0.35), but there was a statistically significant difference in the odds of death between patients who received bamlanivimab and those who did not (OR 0.03, 95% CI [0, 0.25), P<0.01). Conclusions This study supports the effectiveness of bamlanivimab in reducing Covid-19 related hospitalizations in patients ≥ 65 or with BMI ≥ 35 and suggests a mortality benefit.

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

First-trimester fetal growth discordance and development of preeclampsia in dichorionic twin pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Maric ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Keith Duncan ◽  
Guy J. Thorpe-Beeston ◽  
Makrina D. Savvidou
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

AbstractTo investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inter-twin CRL and birth weight (BW) discrepancy was also investigated.This was a retrospective, case-control study of DCDA twin pregnancies. Inter-twin CRL discrepancy was calculated as 100×(larger CRL–smaller CRL)/larger CRL. BW discordance was calculated as 100×(larger BW–smaller BW)/larger BW.The study included 299 DCDA pregnancies that remained normotensive and 35 that subsequently developed PE. There was no significant difference in the inter-twin CRL discrepancy between pregnancies complicated by PE and those that were not [3.2%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–4.5% vs. 3.3%, IQR: 1.4–5.5%; P=0.17]. There was a positive correlation between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy but only in pregnancies that remained normotensive (P<0.001). In women that subsequently developed PE, there was no association between inter-twin CRL and BW discordance (P=0.54).In unselected DCDA twins, first-trimester CRL discrepancy is not different between pregnancies that subsequently develop PE and those that remain normotensive. Furthermore, in pregnancies that are complicated by PE, the association between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy appears to be lost.

scholarly journals The association of male infertility with telomere length: A case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Kate Deepali Rajesh ◽  
Puranam Vatsalaswamy ◽  
Manvikar Purshotam Rao
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Sperm Telomere Length

To study the relevance of sperm telomere length and infertility in men. : Our case-control study included twenty-five males in couple with sub-fertility/infertility (test group) and twenty five healthy males (control group) with proven paternity in the age group 25 to 35 years. The Absolute Sperm Telomere length (aSTL) was measured by real-time PCR. We investigated whether any significant difference in the aSTL value existed between the groups and analysed the relationship between aSTL and other sperm parameters.The mean (SE) aSTL recorded in the infertile cases was significantly shorter than for the control group being 140.60 (6.66) Kb/genome and 239.63 (12.32) Kb/genome respectively (p &#60;0.001) A weak correlation was eminent between aSTL kb/genome and the total sperm count mil/ml (rho= 0.04, p - 0.86), progressive sperm motility (rho= - 0.02, p=0.934) and sperm viability (rho= - 0.07 p=0.741) in the infertile group. The measurement of aSTL by real-time PCR is a simple and rapid method that offers further paramount information with respective to the quality of sperm. It is befitted for epidemiological studies, hence opening new perspectives in the evaluation of male infertility. Limitations - Our study was confined to men aged between 25 and 35 years. Further comparative studies are needed to explore the significance of STL and infertility in older males. Additional studies will help illumine the significance of aSTL as a prognostic biomarker in assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Torkzaban ◽  
Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.

scholarly journals Interaction between serum FGF-23 and PTH in renal phosphate excretion, a case-control study in hypoparathyroid patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Saki ◽  
Seyed Reza Kassaee ◽  
Azita Salehifar Salehifar ◽  
gholamhossein Ranjbar omrani
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphate Excretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fgf 23 ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background:phosphate homeostasis is mediated through complex counter regulatory feed-back balance between parathyroid hormone, FGF-23 and 1,25(OH)2D. Both parathyroid hormone and FGF-23 regulate proximal tubular phosphate excretion through signaling on sodium- phosphate cotransporters II a and II c . However, the interaction between these hormones on phosphate excretion is not clearly understood. We performed the present study to evaluate whether the existence of sufficient parathyroid hormone is necessary for full phosphaturic function of FGF-23 or not. Methods:In this case-control study, 19 patients with hypoparathyroidism and their age- and gender-matched normal population were enrolled. Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase,parathyroid hormone, FGF-23, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and Fractional excretion of phosphorous were assessed and compared between the two groups, using SPSS software. Results:The mean serum calcium and parathyroid hormone level was significantly lower in hypoparathyroid patients in comparison with the control group(P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). We found high serum level of phosphate and FGF-23 in hypoparathyroid patients compared to the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively). However, there was no significant difference in Fractional excretion of phosphorous or 1,25OH2D level between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between serum FGF-23 and Fractional excretion of phosphorous just in the normal individuals (P <0.001, r = 0.79). Conclusions:Although the FGF-23 is a main regulator of urinary phosphate excretion but the existence of sufficient parathyroid hormone is necessary for the full phosphaturic effect of FGF-23.

Are Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Regional Degenerative Osteoarthritis Linked? Results of a Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bacle ◽  
Emilie Marteau ◽  
Philippe Corcia ◽  
Pascal Garaud ◽  
Jacky Laulan
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Degenerative Osteoarthritis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Wrist ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Causality has not been formally demonstrated between carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarthritis of the wrist or at the base of the thumb. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and concomitant degenerative osteoarthritis of the wrist or basal thumb joint. We hypothesised that wrist osteoarthritis by reducing the free volume of the carpal tunnel would be associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, while basal thumb osteoarthritis would show no direct correlation with carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: A case-control study including 95 cases and 99 control subjects, has been carried out. Sixty-eight per group were matched for age and sex. Posterior-anterior and lateral plain wrist radiographs for the two matched groups were analysed. Results: Except for scaphotrapeziotrapezoid location, degenerative osteoarthritis of the wrist was significantly linked with carpal tunnel syndrome, whereas there was no significant difference between case and control groups for prevalence of basal osteoarthritis of the thumb. Conclusions: These results suggest that basal osteoarthritis of the thumb is not a causal factor in carpal tunnel syndrome. In contrast, degenerative osteoarthritis of the wrist was strongly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, suggesting a causal relation.

Malnutrition Concerning Geriatric Depression and Associated Risk Factors: A Community-based Case-control Study in Rural Elderly of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Tasnim Disu ◽  
Shatmin Farjana ◽  
Mohammad Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Malnutrition and depression are highly prevalent in the elderly and can lead to disparaging outcomes. Analytical studies on malnutrition concerning geriatric depression (GD) are very scarce in Bangladesh, although the size of the elderly population is increasing fast in the country. The current study aimed to assess the association between malnutrition and depression and associated risk factors in the rural elderly.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 600 elderly residents (aged ≥60 years) of three rural communities of Bangladesh from January to October 2019. Three hundred depressed elderly people were enrolled as cases and 300 non-depressed elderly individuals were included as community controls by matching the age and living area of the cases. We used a semi-structured questionnaire based on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and the Bangla version of Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Measures included baseline and personal characteristics, malnutrition, GD, and associated risk factors. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify variables associated with the risk of GD.Results: The study found no significant difference in gender (male Vs. female) between cases (44.0% Vs. 56.0%) and controls (46.0% Vs. 54.0%). The study revealed that malnutrition was significantly (p<0.01) higher in cases (56.0%) than in controls (18.0%). The malnourished elderly had around three times AOR=3.155; 95% CI: 1.53-6.49, p=0.002) more (risk of having depression than the controls. The unemployed elderly (AOR=4.964; 95% CI: 2.361-10.440; p=0.0001) and the elderly of the lower and middle class (AOR=3.654; 95% CI: 2.266-7.767; p=0.001) were more likely to experience depression. The elderly having a poor diet were more likely to experience depression (AOR=3.384; 95% CI: 1.764-6.703; p=0.0001). The single elderly (AOR=2.368; 95% CI: 1.762-6.524; p=0.001) and the elderly tobacco users (AOR=2.332; 95% CI: 1.663-5.623; p=0.003) were more likely to experience depression.Conclusions: A significant association between malnutrition and depression is evident in the rural elderly individuals of Bangladesh. It will be a prolific initiative if policymakers merge malnutrition and the risk factors associated with geriatric depression in the provision of universal health care for better health and well-being of the rural elderly populations.

Is There a Relationship between Patellofemoral Alignment and Osgood–Schlatter Disease? A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 067-072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Seyfettinoğlu ◽  
Özkan Köse ◽  
Hasan Ulaş Oğur ◽  
Ümit Tuhanioğlu ◽  
Hakan Çiçek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patellofemoral Alignment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the role of anatomic variations in patellofemoral alignment in patients with or without Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) and to determine the potential anatomic risk factors that may play role in the etiology. This prospective observational case-control study was conducted on two groups of adolescent patients. Group 1 comprised patients who were diagnosed as having OSD and group 2 consisted of an equal number of age-matched patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with traumatic knee injury and underwent knee radiographic examination but without a diagnosis of OSD. Age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), dominant side, and level of sporting activity were recorded. Quadriceps (Q) angles were measured using a long-arm goniometer with patients lying in the supine position with their knees in full extension and contracting the Q muscles. On anteroposterior, lateral knee, and tangential patella (Merchant and Laurin views) radiographs, the following measurements were performed: Insall–Salvati (IS), Caton–Deschamps (CD), and Blackburne–Peel (BP) indexes, congruence angles, lateral patellofemoral angles, sulcus angles, and patella type according to Grelsamer's morphology classification. Both groups were similar in respect of age (p = 0.160), sex (p = 0.311), height (p = 0.326), weight (p = 0.596), BMI (p = 0.153), and dominancy (p = 0.500). The rate of patients engaged in sports activities was significantly greater in the OSD group (p = 0.003). No significant difference was determined between the groups in respect to IS index, CD index, BP index, sulcus angle, lateral patellofemoral angle, and congruence angle (p–values: 0.358, 0.995, 0.912, 0.802, 1.000, and 0.907, respectively). The mean Q angle was measured as 15.6 ± 2.2 degrees in the OSD group and 14.3 ± 2.5 degrees in the control group (p = 0.014). Despite the difference being statistically significant, it was clinically insignificant because the difference was only 1.3 degrees. The principle etiologic factor seems to be increased physical activity rather than subtle variations is patellofemoral anatomy and alignment of extensor mechanism.

Are Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Associated with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications? A Nested Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Skeith ◽  
Karim Abou-Nassar ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
Ronald Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Control Study

Background While anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) antibody positivity is included in the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the association between anti-β2GP1 and the obstetrical complications of APS has been inconsistently reported and remains unclear. Objective We completed a case–control study nested within the Canadian Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort to evaluate the association between anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Study Design Five hundred cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who experienced any of the following independently adjudicated placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, placental abruption, late pregnancy loss (≥ 12 weeks' gestation), and birth of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant < 10th percentile. Five hundred pregnant women without any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were selected as controls. Stored blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-β2GP1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Anti-β2GP1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in titers ≥ 20 G/M units (> 99th percentile) were present in 24 of 497 (4.8%) of controls and 33 of 503 (6.6%) of cases. There was no significant difference between cases and controls for the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (odds ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–2.37, p = 0.25). Conclusion Our results call into question the association between anti-β2GP1 antibodies and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, with further research needed.

scholarly journals Selected Candidate Genes and Obesity Among Ghanaian Adults: A Case-control Study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (Dietherapy Unit) Accra (P15-014-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Gyamfi ◽  
Charles Brown ◽  
Samuel Antwi-Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of selected genes (β3-adrenergic receptors-ADRB3, Leptin receptor-LEPR, Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ-PPARG) and obesity among Ghanaian adults. Methods This was a case-control study comprising 24 cases of newly diagnosed obese; BMI ≥30 kg/m2, at the Dietherapy Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), and 32 controls of non-obese staff and clinical students at KBTH. A validated questionnaire was used for demographic, dietary and anthropometric data. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and DNA extracted from mouth rinse water samples. SNPs in the ADRB3, LEPR and PPARG genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR –RFLP). Results There were statistically significant differences in BMI, WHR and MUAC measurements between cases and controls (all p s˂ 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.3032) between the mean energy intakes of both cases and controls. DNA fragments for the PPARG gene was amplified in 55 respondents. No relationship was observed between PPARG (Pro12Pro) SNP and BMI, MUAC and WHR among participants. Amplification was successful in 19 cases and 24 controls for ADRB3 (Trp64Trp & Trp64Arg). No significant difference (all ps > 0.05) emerged for the ADRB3 SNPs frequencies between the cases and the controls for BMI, MUAC and WHR. LEPR amplification was successful in 15 cases and 14 controls. Amplicons of six cases, all in the OBClass 1 to OBClass 3 range, indicated the presence of the Gln223Arg SNP after RFLP. A significant difference (all ps < 0.05) emerged for LEPR (Gln223Arg) SNP frequencies between the cases and the controls for BMI, MUAC and WHR. Conclusions There were no observed relationships among ADRB3, PPARG SNPs and BMI, MUAC and WHR. LEPR (Gln223Arg) SNP was statistically associated with BMI, MUAC and WHR. Funding Sources 1. College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Research Grant for MSc/MPhil Thesis/Dissertation. 2. Self funding.

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