Innovations in ICL Documentation Methodologies and Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-396
Author(s):  
Beth Van Schaack
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Human History ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Atrocity Crimes ◽  
Syrian Conflict

This chapter moves from this matrix of accountability to the emergent evidentiary landscape for atrocity crimes litigation. Chapter 9 thus surveys the various multilateral, national, and civil society documentation projects underway with an eye toward capturing new technological developments, analytical outputs, and public-private partnerships that have given rise to an unprecedented cache of potential evidence of international crimes in Syria, making it the most documented crime base in human history. The Syrian conflict coincided with the explosion of social media and digital technologies that render ordinary people capable of capturing the commission of international crimes on their cellphones. This surfeit of potential evidence has created both opportunities and challenges to accountability. Although not all this information will be admissible in a court of law, it has the potential to contribute to a range of transitional justice processes, including restitution and lustration efforts. This chapter is premised on the observation that when the Syrian conflict ends—which it must at some point—the documentation exists to undergird a comprehensive set of transitional justice processes if there is political will to undertake such an endeavor.

Perpetrators on Trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-295
Author(s):  
Mirza Buljubašić ◽  
Barbora Holá
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Atrocity Crimes

Existing research on atrocity crimes perpetrators is predominantly theoretical and generic. Exploration of characteristics of individuals tried for their involvement in war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide might provide an empirical basis for a better understanding of the nature of international crimes and of criminal trials after atrocities. This chapter analyses defendant-related and crime-related characteristics of perpetrators tried by all courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina and by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) following the armed conflict in the 1990s at the territory of former Yugoslavia. Based on original data, collected as of January 2016, it briefly examines perpetrators convicted of international crimes by domestic and international courts, and their socio-demographic and crime-related characteristics. In addition to enriching debates on perpetrators of international crimes, the results can serve as a basis for further discussions on transitional justice after atrocities in Bosnia, its scope, and merits.

PERAN DIGITAL MARKETING DALAM EKSISTENSI BISNIS KULINER SEBLAK JELETET MURNI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Nadya Nadya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Product Sales

Technological developments have significantly changed the way how a business works, especially the culinary business named Seblak Jeletet Murni, that has located in Jakarta. This business is still relatively new, but consumers continue moldy and this spicy culinary product sales have been continue to increase. This phenomenon is a result of business which has entered the digital era in social media. Marketing of this product is not done intensively by the owner of this business, but consumers who moved to market virally in social media, especially social media video youtube. In this article the author analyzed descriptively about consumer behavior in digital marketing that has affected the sales of the culinary products. The analyzes were performed with case studies and associated in the literature on consumer behavior and digital marketing strategies. This article aims to describe the behavior of consumers in the digital age so that it can be input in determining the marketing strategy culinary efforts forward and be used for thought on the future of consumer research. Keywords: Digital Marketing, Social Media, Consumer Behavior

Transitional Figures: Immanuel Kant, Adam Smith, James Madison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Greenwood Onuf
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Human History ◽  
James Madison ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Mutual Exchange

Foucault’s sense of the modern epoch finds Kant everywhere in the background. If, for Kant, nature appears to accommodate our needs, human reason nevertheless has a purpose beyond ourselves; nature’s purpose dictates our use of reason. Kant had us use reason to progress from savagery to animal husbandry and the cultivation of the land, mutual exchange, culture, and civil society. Better known are Smith’s four stages of human history: the Ages of Hunters, Shepherds, Agriculture, and Commerce. Set back by nomadic barbarians, Europe belatedly developed a novel society of independent nations, ever vigilant (and often enough at war), committed to improving their productive capabilities and reaping the benefits of commerce. Rationalization and positivism marked the final stage, which in turn required a positive legal order grounded in unimpeachable sources of law. These James Madison definitively articulated when he was U.S. secretary of state.

Entertainment publics in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2098596
Author(s):  
Anna Cristina Pertierra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Media ◽  
Entertainment Television

Since the late 1980s, Filipino entertainment television has assumed and maintained a dominance in national popular culture, which expanded in the digital era. The media landscape into which digital technologies were launched in the Philippines was largely set in the wake of the 1986 popular movement and change of government referred to as the EDSA revolution: television stations that had been sequestered under martial law were turned over to family-dominated commercial enterprises, and entertainment media proliferated. Building upon the long development of entertainment industries in the Philippines, new social media encounters with entertainment content generate expanded and engaged publics whose formation continues to operate upon a foundation of televisual media. This article considers the particular role that entertainment media plays in the formation of publics in which comedic, melodramatic and celebrity-led content generates networks of followers, users and viewers whose loyalty produces various forms of capital, including in notable cases political capital.

scholarly journals Tilting at windmills: Reparations and the International Criminal Court

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Luke Moffett ◽  
Clara Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Crimes

Abstract More than 20 years on from the signing of the Rome Statute, delivering victim-centred justice through reparations has been fraught with legal and practical challenges. The Court’s jurisprudence on reparations only began to emerge from 2012 and struggles to find purchase on implementation on the ground. In its first few cases of Lubanga, Katanga, and Al Mahdi the eligibility and forms of reparations have been limited to certain victims, subject to years of litigation, and faced difficulties in delivery due to ongoing insecurity. This is perhaps felt most acutely in the Bemba case, where more than 5,000 victims of murder, rape and pillage were waiting for redress, and the defendant was not indigent, but where he was later acquitted on appeal, thereby extinguishing reparation proceedings. This article critically appraises the jurisprudence and practice of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on reparations. It looks at competing principles and rationales for reparations at the Court in light of comparative practice in international human rights law and transitional justice processes to consider what is needed to ensure that the ICC is able to deliver on its reparations mandate. An underpinning argument is that reparations at the ICC cannot be seen in isolation from other reparation practices in the states where the Court operates. Reparative complementarity for victims of international crimes is essential to maximize the positive impact that the fulfilment of this right can have on victims and not to sacrifice the legitimacy of the Court, nor quixotically strive for the impossible.

Criminal Justice Reform in a Transitional Context: Restorative Youth Conferencing in Northern Ireland

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O’Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice Reform ◽  
Transitional Environment

This article examines the incorporation of restorative principles and practices within reforms of Northern Ireland’s youth justice system, adopted following the peace process. It considers whether restorative justice principles can be successfully incorporated into criminal justice reform as part of a process of transitional justice. The article argues that restorative justice principles, when brought within criminal justice, can contribute to the broader process of transitional justice and peace building, particularly in societies where the police and criminal justice system have been entwined in the conflict. In these contexts restorative justice within criminal justice can help civil society to take a stake in the administration and delivery of criminal justice, it can help break down hostility and animosity towards criminal justice and contribute to the development of social justice and civic agency, so enabling civil society to move forward in a transitional environment.

The Rise of Digital Repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The World ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Mass Surveillance

This book documents the rise of digital repression—how governments are deploying new technologies to counter dissent, maintain political control, and ensure regime survival. The emergence of varied digital technologies is bringing new dimensions to political repression. At its core, the expanding use of digital repression reflects a fairly simple motivation: states are seeking and finding new ways to control, manipulate, surveil, or disrupt real or perceived threats. This book investigates the goals, motivations, and drivers of digital repression. It presents case studies in Thailand, the Philippines, and Ethiopia, highlighting how governments pursue digital strategies based on a range of factors: ongoing levels of repression, leadership, state capacity, and technological development. But a basic political motive—how to preserve and sustain political incumbency—remains a principal explanation for their use. The international community is already seeing glimpses of what the frontiers of repression look like, such as in China, where authorities have brought together mass surveillance, online censorship, DNA collection, and artificial intelligence to enforce their rule in Xinjiang. Many of these trends are going global. This has major implications for democratic governments and civil society activists around the world. The book also presents innovative ideas and strategies for civil society and opposition movements to respond to the digital autocratic wave.

Das Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz als Herausforderung für die Parlamente

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-181
Author(s):  
Arne Pilniok
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Government

The digital transformation is permanently changing the government, administration, and society . This process is being intensified by the much-discussed technologies of artificial intelligence, and poses a variety of challenges for parliaments and indirectly for parliamen­tary studies . Their different dimensions have not been discussed comprehensively so far, although the technological developments affect all parliamentary functions and their prem­ises . This article systematizes and structures the various effects of the age of artificial intel­ligence on parliamentary democracy . Namely, the conditions of democratic representation change, the innovation-friendly regulation of digital technologies becomes a parliamentary task, parliamentary control has to be adjusted to the use of algorithms and artificial intelli­gence in government and administration, and possibly, the epistemological and organiza­tional structures of parliamentary work might have to be adapted . This provides starting points for future detailed analyses to adequately capture these processes of change and to accompany them from different disciplinary perspectives .

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK DALAM PERKEMBANGAN UMKM GULO PUAN DI DESA BANGSAL KECAMATAN PAMPANGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Anggi Julianti ◽  
Fadilla Fadilla ◽  
Moh. Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Village

Small Microcus Business (UMKM) is a small business activity but is able to provide a major effect for the economy in Indonesia. That is to expand employment, play a role in the process of equity and increase in community revenue, and encourage the realization of national stability. But to realize it is necessary to be able to compete globally, by utilizing technological developments at this time not to be left behind with the development of the age. Utilization of social media especially Facebook as a promotional tool to make it easy for marketing UMKM Gulo Puan in the village of Bangsal District of District Objective is one of the strategies that are currently used. With easy access, wide tissues, fast working methods and also costs that will be able to provide positive and profitable impacts for MSME. The results of this study show that the use and use of social media as a promotional tool can increase the competitiveness of UMKM-UMKM Gulo Puan in the village of Bangsal District District in January aspects of increased sales than compared to using social media. But when revisited still many non-MSMEs that have not used and utilize social media for marketing online caused by various things.

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