Approaches to Testimony

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Takagi ◽  
Naohisa Mori
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Testimony

This chapter develops an ecological and social approach to testimony as an everyday memory practice. It first analyzes the nature of this practice through a history of psychological testimony for more than a century. In recent decades, two approaches to testimony have been dominant: the cognitive and the discursive one, each with its own problems. A hint at a new theory exists in Neisser’s classic study of “John Dean’s memory.” Neisser introduced the concept of “repisodic memory,” roughly defining this concept as representatives or common characteristics of a series of events, in contrast to “episodic memory,” which refers to the representation of a single event. The chapter examines the concept and integrates it with Gibson’s ecological perspective of perception and Bartlett’s schema theory in a synthesis that combines the two approaches. The validity of the new theory is demonstrated by referring to practical and experimental studies that have been performed.

World-Ecological Satire: Peat, Brian O'Nolan, and the Irish Free State's Energy Regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Robert Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Energy Regime ◽  
Energy History ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Site ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
The Relationship

A world-ecological perspective of cultural production refuses a dualist conception of nature and society – which imagines nature as an external site of static outputs  – and instead foregrounds the fact that human and extra-human natures are completely intertwined. This essay seeks to reinterpret the satirical writing of a canonical figure within the Irish literary tradition, Brian O'Nolan, in light of the energy history of Ireland, understood as co-produced by both human actors and biophysical nature. How does the energy imaginary of O'Nolan's work refract and mediate the Irish environment and the socio-ecological relations shaping the fuel supply-chains that power the Irish energy regime dominant under the Irish Free State? I discuss the relationship between peat as fuel and Brian O'Nolan's pseudonymous newspaper columns, and indicate how questions about energy regimes and ecology can lead us to read his Irish language novel An Béal Bocht [The Poor Mouth] (1941) in a new light. The moments I select and analyze from O'Nolan's output feature a kind of satire that exposes the folly of separating society from nature, by presenting an exaggerated form of the myth of nature as an infinite resource.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Thanatosis in the Braconid Parasitoid Wasp Heterospilus prosopidis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mio Amemiya ◽  
Kôji Sasakawa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Heterospilus Prosopidis ◽  
History Of

Thanatosis, also called death feigning, is often an antipredator behavior. In insects, it has been reported from species of various orders, but knowledge of this behavior in Hymenoptera is insufficient. This study examined the effects of sex, age (0 or 2 days old), temperature (18 or 25 °C), and background color (white, green, or brown) on thanatosis in the braconid parasitoid wasp Heterospilus prosopidis. Thanatosis was more frequent in 0-d-old individuals and in females at 18 °C. The duration of thanatosis was longer in females, but this effect of sex was weaker at 18 °C and in 0-d-old individuals. The background color affected neither the frequency nor duration. These results were compared with reports for other insects and predictions based on the life history of this species, and are discussed from an ecological perspective.

scholarly journals Memory in health and in schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
History Of

Memory is an important capacity needed for survival in a changing environment, and its principles are shared across species. These principles have been studied since the inception of behavioral science, and more recently neuroscience has helped understand brain systems and mechanisms responsible for enabling aspects of memory. Here we outline the history of work on memory and its neural underpinning, and describe the major dimensions of memory processing that have been evaluated by cognitive neuroscience, focusing on episodic memory. We present evidence in healthy populations for sex differences-females outperforming in verbal and face memory, and age effects-slowed memory processes with age. We then describe deficits associated with schizophrenia. Impairment in schizophrenia is more severe in patients with negative symptoms-especially flat affect-who also show deficits in measures of social cognition. This evidence implicates medial temporal and frontal regions in schizophrenia.

A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Motahareh Boozari ◽  
Kobra Shirani ◽  
Amirhossein Jamshidi ◽  
Majid Dadmehr
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Abstract Objectives Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica. Key findings Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects. Summary Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.

scholarly journals Renowned scientist, pedagogue, and physician Dedicated to the memory of the 110th anniversary of Bronius Sidaravičius’s birth

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Gryta Laurynaitytė ◽  
Asta Lignugarienė ◽  
Skaidra Valiukevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Venereal Diseases ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The University

This year we celebrate the 110th anniversary of Bronius Sidaravičius’s (1897–1969) birth. He was a renowned Lithuanian dermato-venereologist, professor, head of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases at Vytautas Magnus University (1935–1946, 1956–1969), the founder and the chair of the Lithuanian Society of Dermato-venereologists, coeditor of the prewar journal “Medicina.” He is an author of more than 100 articles and the very first course book on dermato-venereology in Lithuanian. He completed a part of his medical studies at universities in Germany. In Vienna University (1930), B. Sidaravičius performed clinical and experimental studies on the passive transmission of skin allergy, which had a major impact on the diagnostics of allergic skin diseases and specific desensibilization. He published the results of his study in the foreign literature and in the doctoral dissertation “Skin allergy and its treatment” in 1931. Thanks to the efforts of B. Sidaravičius and his colleagues, a progressive Law on Control and Prevention of Venereal Diseases was enacted in Lithuania. According to this Law, examinations and treatment of venereal diseases became compulsory and free of charge at state- or municipality-financed venereal outpatient units. This article was prepared on the basis of primary sources: protocols of the Council (the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Lithuania; since 1930 – Vytautas Magnus University) kept at the Museum of the History of Lithuania Medicine and Pharmacy as well as documents preserved at the Lithuanian State Archives and also scientific journals and periodicals both in Lithuanian and foreign languages.

Ecology of E-Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Societal Transformation ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Values

The concept of e-governance in the modern times refocuses on the fundamental role of government as the institution of transformation of society. To understand the intricacies of e- governance it will be pertinent to examine the concept from an ecological perspective. The system of governance in order to meet the challenges must equip itself with the mechanisms of managing the pressures generated from different subsystems. The interrelationship and interdependence of these subsystems explain the operational reality of bureaucratic systems in relation to societal transformation. In last few decades, the history of humankind has seen the enormous growth of technology and its utilization for creating a better global society, by disseminating the knowledge down to common person and transcending the geographical boundaries. The accessibility of knowledge is not confined to any nation. Thus, the whole world has to acquire a bigger vision of coexistence with divergent societal patterns in future, because it is the source of developing shared visions. The present analysis focuses on the normative aspects of e-connectivity, specifically, 1. It proposes a conceptual framework to understand the futuristic operational dynamics of ecology of e-governance; 2. It proposes how the interactions of various components of e-governance, can help in evolving a universal society with ethical axis to create a better world; 3. It suggests that the whole world eventually has to move in the direction of evolving a global society by inculcating universal values of coexistence with divergent ethos. Hence, the need to transform the society cannot be subdued; and 4. It focuses on striving a balance between technological and human aspects by bringing out philosophical core at the centre to evolve global society.

Science and World Cities: Thinking Urban Knowledge and Science at Large (16th-18th century)

Itinerario ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Romano ◽  
Stéphane Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge

Through its focus on the question of circulation, world history attained a central position amongst the historical configurations in the last decade. Indicative of our fundamentally changing world, the past thereby reveals itself to have been shaped by commercial, human and intellectual flows of global dimension. The history of science has been particularly receptive to such methodological developments, especially with regard to works influenced by a markedly social approach to science and knowledge, which has focused for some time on the analysis of intellectual networks. From the French provincial Enlightenment to Athansius Kircher's circles—including the relationships of patronage of mathematicians and court philosophers—social, intellectual and epistemological configurations have been designed, allowing us to consider different scales in the circulation of knowledge.

The Influence of Latino Ethnicity on the Imposition of the Death Penalty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-431
Author(s):  
Sheri Lynn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

With respect to African Americans, the history of racial discrimination in the imposition of the death penalty is well-known, and the persistence of racial disparities in the modern era of capital punishment is well-documented. In contrast, the influence of Latino ethnicity on the imposition of the death penalty has been studied very little. A review of the limited literature reveals evidence of discrimination against Latinos. Archival studies generally find ethnicity-of-victim discrimination, and some of those studies find ethnicity-of-defendant discrimination disadvantaging Latino defendants; these findings parallel the findings of the much more robust literature investigating bias against African American defendants and victims. The controlled experimental studies generally show both ethnicity-of-defendant and ethnicity-of-victim discrimination disadvantaging Latinos. Related literature investigating stereotypes, animosity, and discrimination in other criminal justice decisions further suggests the likelihood of ethnicity discrimination in the imposition of capital punishment, as well as the need for further research.

scholarly journals Some Developments and New Insights for Microseismic/Acoustic Emission Source Localization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjun Dong ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Daoyuan Sun ◽  
Xiaojie Tong ◽  
Xibing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Relative Localization ◽  
Acoustic Emission Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The purpose of this review is to discuss the development of the methods in microseismic/acoustic emission (AE) source localization and detail the principles of the mainly developed methods. The important applications of the microseismic/AE in engineering practice and the history of the source localization (from the initial Geiger method of localization to the later double-difference method) are introduced briefly in the beginning of the review. The factors that influence the accuracy of source locating are discussed in Section 2 to provide references on how to improve the accuracy of the localization methods. Then, the main localization methods in the history of the source and AE research have been classified into four parts (i.e., the localization methods for single event, the joint inversion methods, the relative localization methods, and the localization methods in spatial domain); each part is extended and systematically reviewed, respectively, from Sections 3 to 6, where the merit and demerit of the methods are discussed. Finally, a brief summary and some aspects of prospective research are presented.

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