Explaining the Rise of Globalization

Free Traders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
North America ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
The World

This chapter summarizes the main themes of this book, and the theory it proposes of why the governments of so many nations around the world decided to globalize their economies in the late 20th century. The book asks whether the foundations of globalization were democratic, in the sense that politicians’ decisions derived from public opinion and electoral incentives, and also whether globalization as based on mainstream economic ideas. As shown by the cases of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and the ways they established free trade in North America, the book shows that globalization has been more of an elite than a democratic project, and one based on folk economics rather than expert ideas. Business has been the motor force in developed countries; in developing countries, states have acted more autonomously from domestic business, but they have been more subject to pressure from international financial institutions.

The Growth of the Engineering Profession: Statistics and Conjecture

1972 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Kastner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Manpower Needs

The Engineering Profession in the developed countries has greatly increased in numerical strength in recent years but the future pattern is not clear and forecasts of manpower needs in industry are unreliable. Nevertheless, statistics indicate that the United States has, relative to the industrial population as a whole, a clear advantage in technological manpower in the Western World though Russia may, perhaps, be even stronger. The difficulty of evaluating the evidence is stressed. In the world as a whole international co-operation tends to reduce the inequalities of distribution but an enormous task lies before the developing countries which need to produce and retain many more engineers.

Aid from the Federal Republic of Germany to Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Hofmeier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The World

THE Federal Republic of Germany is one of the major pillars of the group of western industrialised capitalist countries, and this largely determines its rôle in international financial institutions, and its attitudes to the global economic system and market structures. The F.R.G. is second in the world, behind the United States, expressed by its share of the monetary volume of total international trade, but the proportion of exports relative to G.N.P. is much higher than in America and slightly more than in Japan.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

Brain Drain Controversy and African Scholars

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Man Singh Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Student ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

The phenomenon popularly known as brain drain has attracted growing concern in the United States and abroad (Tulsa Daily World, 1967; Committee on Manpower... 1967; Asian Student, 1968a: 3; 1968b: 1; 1969: 3; Institute of Applied Manpower . . . 1968; U. S. Congress, 1968; Gardiner, 1968: 194-202; Bechhofer, 1969: 1-71; Committee on the International Migration . . . 1970). The notion has been expressed that the poor countries of the world are being deprived of their talent and robbed of their human resources by the exchange of scholars and students which goes on between nations (U.S. Congress, 1968: 16-25; Mondale, 1967a: 24-6; 1967b: 67-9). Implicit is the idea that many students from these less developed countries go to the more highly developed and industrialized countries for study and decide not to return to their homeland.

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Malcolm A. Holliday ◽  
Robert W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Food ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Workers in the pediatric field have recognized that undernutrition is of major importance in developing countries around the world and have expressed interest in the extent to which efforts have been made in the United States to deal with this problem. This report attempts to bring together information from a wide variety of sources and to summarize the considerable efforts that have been made in dealing with these problems of undernutrition. It may provide a basis for future planning and involvement on the part of those concerned with solutions for the food problems abroad as well as the application of experience with them to situations in this country. The vital importance of nutrition was forcefully described by the President's Science Advisory Committee in its 1968 report on the "World Food Problem." The principal findings and conclusions reached were stated as follows: 1. the scale, severity, and duration of the world food problem are so great that a massive, long-range, innovative effort unprecedented in human history will be required to master it; 2. the solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of family planning and population control be initiated now. The food supply is critical for the immediate future; 3. food supply is directly related to agricultural development and, in turn, agricultural development and overall economic development are critically interdependent in the hungry countries; and 4. a strategy for attacking the world food problem will, of necessity, encompass the entire foreign economic assistance effort of the United States in concert with other developed countries, voluntary institutions, and international organizations.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Artificial Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
STANLEY A. PLOTKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Dr Halsey has brought to my attention that a sentence in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection control statement (AAP News, September 1988) and perinatal statement (Pediatrics 1988;82:941-944) might be misinterpreted as advocating artificial feeding for HP/-infected infants in developing countries. It was our intention to advocate the use of artificial feeding by HIV-infected mothers only in the United States and other developed countries where safe water and hygienic practices are the norm. In other countries, the advantages of breast milk outweigh the possible risk of transmission to the newborn.

Challenges of COVID-19 During 2020 and Opportunities for FinTech in 2021 for Digital Transformation of Business and Financial Institutions in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
Narinder Kumar Bhasin ◽  
Kamal Gulati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Trends

Fintech/TechFin/financial and banking sector achieved the new digital disruptions and transformation milestones in India, underlining the various opportunities in the last year, 2020, when the world was struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic, an extended period of lockdown, job loss, and unemployment. India has emerged as the fastest-growing second largest leading fintech hub in the world after the United States. This chapter will explain the various challenges faced in the year 2020 and opportunities for fintech in 2021. The chapter also explains the emerging technology trends and growth of finechs in India during the COVID pandemic.

scholarly journals IL DOLORE, GLI OPPIACEI E I PROBLEMI NEL LORO USO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Panerai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Opiate Analgesics ◽  
Transport Factors

Several reasons recently lead to a dramatic increase in the use of opiate analgesics all over the world. Italy has always been a Country where opiates were prescribed less than in other Countries, even those incorrectly called “under-developed Countries”. The reason has to be searched in cultural, regulatory (detention, transport) factors, as well in the caution of practitioners for the side effects of opiates or the fear of inducing addiction. Recently rules have become easier also in Italy and here, aswell as abroad, mainly in the United States, the use of opiates has been rapidly increasing. However, the enthusiasm was followed by several serious doubts that are prompting a reversal of this trend. At present, the suggestion is to use opiates, but to pay a lot of attention to when use them and in which patients. Moreover, this “social” caution, was matched by the observation of a number of problems before unknown that make the use of opiates more difficult than it was previously thought.

scholarly journals How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Economic Position

This paper argues that the main cause of the deteriorating economic position of unskilled workers in the United States and other developed countries has been expansion of trade with developing countries. In the framework of a Heckscher-Ohlin model, it outlines the evidence in support of this view, responds to criticisms of this evidence, and challenges the evidence for the alternative view that the problems of unskilled workers are caused mainly by new technology. The paper concludes with a look at the future and at the implications for public policy.

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