Brain Drain Controversy and African Scholars

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Man Singh Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Student ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

The phenomenon popularly known as brain drain has attracted growing concern in the United States and abroad (Tulsa Daily World, 1967; Committee on Manpower... 1967; Asian Student, 1968a: 3; 1968b: 1; 1969: 3; Institute of Applied Manpower . . . 1968; U. S. Congress, 1968; Gardiner, 1968: 194-202; Bechhofer, 1969: 1-71; Committee on the International Migration . . . 1970). The notion has been expressed that the poor countries of the world are being deprived of their talent and robbed of their human resources by the exchange of scholars and students which goes on between nations (U.S. Congress, 1968: 16-25; Mondale, 1967a: 24-6; 1967b: 67-9). Implicit is the idea that many students from these less developed countries go to the more highly developed and industrialized countries for study and decide not to return to their homeland.

The Ethics of COVID-19 Vaccine Passports

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Joseph Meaney ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 vaccine passports run the risk of creating a divided society where social privileges or restrictions based on “fitness” lead to discrimination based on immunization status. Individuals have a strong right to be free of coercion to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and we should be very leery of further invasion of private medical decisions. These concerns are shared both internationally and in the United States, and the World Health Organization, the Biden administration, and many US governors oppose COVID-19 vaccine credentials. In addition, regulations for COVID-19 vaccine credentials face practical barriers, including lack of access globally, especially among the poor; and lack of scientific data on the efficacy of these vaccines.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Malcolm A. Holliday ◽  
Robert W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Food ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Workers in the pediatric field have recognized that undernutrition is of major importance in developing countries around the world and have expressed interest in the extent to which efforts have been made in the United States to deal with this problem. This report attempts to bring together information from a wide variety of sources and to summarize the considerable efforts that have been made in dealing with these problems of undernutrition. It may provide a basis for future planning and involvement on the part of those concerned with solutions for the food problems abroad as well as the application of experience with them to situations in this country. The vital importance of nutrition was forcefully described by the President's Science Advisory Committee in its 1968 report on the "World Food Problem." The principal findings and conclusions reached were stated as follows: 1. the scale, severity, and duration of the world food problem are so great that a massive, long-range, innovative effort unprecedented in human history will be required to master it; 2. the solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of family planning and population control be initiated now. The food supply is critical for the immediate future; 3. food supply is directly related to agricultural development and, in turn, agricultural development and overall economic development are critically interdependent in the hungry countries; and 4. a strategy for attacking the world food problem will, of necessity, encompass the entire foreign economic assistance effort of the United States in concert with other developed countries, voluntary institutions, and international organizations.

scholarly journals IL DOLORE, GLI OPPIACEI E I PROBLEMI NEL LORO USO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Panerai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Opiate Analgesics ◽  
Transport Factors

Several reasons recently lead to a dramatic increase in the use of opiate analgesics all over the world. Italy has always been a Country where opiates were prescribed less than in other Countries, even those incorrectly called “under-developed Countries”. The reason has to be searched in cultural, regulatory (detention, transport) factors, as well in the caution of practitioners for the side effects of opiates or the fear of inducing addiction. Recently rules have become easier also in Italy and here, aswell as abroad, mainly in the United States, the use of opiates has been rapidly increasing. However, the enthusiasm was followed by several serious doubts that are prompting a reversal of this trend. At present, the suggestion is to use opiates, but to pay a lot of attention to when use them and in which patients. Moreover, this “social” caution, was matched by the observation of a number of problems before unknown that make the use of opiates more difficult than it was previously thought.

The U.N. and the (Economic) Education of Henry Kissinger

Worldview ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Stalson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Henry Kissinger ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

Something remarkable and of historic importance took place in New York during the first two weeks of September, 1975. At a Special Session of the United Nations the poor countries of the world, who have 70 per cent of its people and 30 per cent of its income, demanded that the rich, countries make some major changes in the international system. And the rich countries, including the United States, responded in new ways. Most reporters failed to notice how remarkable the events were, but the evidence is there.

Mexico’s brain drain to continue unabated

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
National Council ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Subject Mexico's brain drain. Significance Recent studies suggest increasing numbers of skilled professionals are emigrating from Mexico. A report by the University of Zacatecas (UAZ) published in March shows more than 1.4 million Mexicans with postgraduate degrees left the country between 1990 and 2015 due to a lack of professional development opportunities. According the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), the government agency responsible for policy in this area, 46% of skilled emigrants live in Europe, 30% in the United States, 12% in Latin America and 7% in Canada. Impacts Emigration of skilled workers will be a fiscal burden as it annuls the benefits of investing in human resources. Policies to attract foreign talent could mitigate the problem, but there is no evidence that this is being considered. A contentious election outcome could trigger instability, further fuelling the outward flow of highly skilled Mexicans.

Recommendation of the Tax Policy of Low-Carbon Economy in China with Reference to the International Comparison of Carbon Emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 1024-1028
Author(s):  
De Fa Cai ◽  
Pei Xin Shi ◽  
Ting Xue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Taxes ◽  
Carbon Economy

Currently, the global warming becomes serious and has become the crisis and challenge of all the world. Low carbon economy is the best mode of coping with the global warming and realizing sustainable development of economy and society. At present, The United States is still in the first place of greenhouse gas are worth of using for reference in developed countries. At present, the United States is still the biggest country that exhausts greenhouse gases, such as CO2;however, carbon emissions in China can not be ignored. Recent research indicates that it is valuable to learn from developed countries carbon or energy taxes policy.

INNOVATIONS IN THE DPRK ECONOMY IN THE ERA OF KIM JONG-UN: RESULTS, THREATS AND RISKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Marina E. Trigubenko ◽  
◽  
Tatiana V. Lezhenina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Program ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
The Republic

During the 8 years of the DPRK leadership, Kim Jong-un has been trying to position himself as a major reformer of the economy and the main military strategist in the development of the production of the latest intercontinental missiles directed towards the United States. Kim Jong-un presented the economic program for the first time at the VII Congress of the Labor Party of Korea in 2016 in the format of the three main tasks of the first five-year plan for 2016-2020. Tasks. To summarize Kim Jong-un's innovations in economic development and prove that they will be effective in the context of expanding trade and economic cooperation between the DPRK and China, Russia, as well as reducing the US sanctions policy against the DPRK. Methodology. The use of methods of scientific knowledge of the reformation of the economy of less developed countries. Results. The scale of economic innovations of Kim Jong-un and the influence of the legacy left by Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il from the position of national ideology are proved to be self-reliant (Juche), which complicates and slows down the transition of North Korea to the number of democratically developed countries of the world, political and trade-economic DPRK cooperation with the Republic of Korea. Findings. Today, China has always been and remains the main military-political ally and economic partner of the DPRK. Sino-US relations have become much more complicated as a result of the trade war and US accusations of concealing by China the real reasons for the appearance and spread of COVID-19 all over the world. The DPRK's economic relations with the United States do not develop after direct contact in 2019 of Donald Trump with Kim Jong-un. External and internal threats and risks in the use of innovations remain.

Explaining the Rise of Globalization

Free Traders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
North America ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
The World

This chapter summarizes the main themes of this book, and the theory it proposes of why the governments of so many nations around the world decided to globalize their economies in the late 20th century. The book asks whether the foundations of globalization were democratic, in the sense that politicians’ decisions derived from public opinion and electoral incentives, and also whether globalization as based on mainstream economic ideas. As shown by the cases of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and the ways they established free trade in North America, the book shows that globalization has been more of an elite than a democratic project, and one based on folk economics rather than expert ideas. Business has been the motor force in developed countries; in developing countries, states have acted more autonomously from domestic business, but they have been more subject to pressure from international financial institutions.

Greenhouse Development Rights: A Framework for Climate Protection That Is “More Fair” Than Equal Per Capita Emissions Rights

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kemp-Benedict ◽  
Sivan Kartha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
Precautionary Action ◽  
The Rich

There is a fairly broad consensus among both the philosophers who write about climate change and the majority of the climate-policy community that efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions—“mitigation” in the jargon—should not harm the ability of poor countries to grow economically and to reduce as rapidly as possible the widespread poverty their citizens suffer. Indeed, this principle of a “right to development” has been substantially embraced in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) itself. Yet as the evidence of the risks from climate change has continued to mount and calls have grown for more stringent mitigation targets, the need to give substance to this right has come into conflict with the evident unwillingness of already “developed” countries to pay the costs of adequately precautionary mitigation. The long and the short of it is that almost any reasonable ethical principles lead to the conclusion that, as Henry Shue (1999) put it straightforwardly, “the costs [of mitigation] should initially be borne by the wealthy industrialized states.” In the words of the UNFCCC, “the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof,” and this point is embodied in practical terms in the Kyoto Protocol itself, in which only the 40 developed “Annex I” countries have binding emissions limits. Yet particularly because of the rejection of Kyoto by the United States but also because of the weak efforts at mitigation that have taken place so far in Europe, Japan, and other industrialized countries, we find ourselves in a situation in which precaution requires that emissions be reduced extremely soon in poor countries, too, but the rich countries can’t yet be said to have fulfilled their obligations to “take the lead.” The delay in taking action so far, the increasing evidence of current climate-change impacts and greater risks than previously estimated, and the speed with which we must now move all imply substantially greater costs for adequately precautionary action than were previously estimated.

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