Afterword

Free Traders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 182-204
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
North America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Trade And Investment

This afterword examines the track record of free trade in North America, and what impacts it had in a number of areas. These range from trade and investment flows, and economic growth, to inequality, labor and environmental conditions, migration, regional cooperation, and democracy and human rights in Mexico. Advocates and critics made many predictions about the near- and long-term impacts of CUFTA and NAFTA, and in hindsight some of those predictions were correct and some were not. These agreements succeeded in knitting together the three previously more segmented national economics, but their benefits in terms of welfare have been limited.

Democracy and Economic Growth: the role of the I.L.O.

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
C. Wilfred Jenks
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Trade Unionism

Throughout the developing world today the accent is upon economic growth. No reasonable man can question this emphasis while inequalities among nations, and inequalities within nations, remain so glaring. Inevitable and healthy as this may be, it raises one fundamental question, Growth for what? Growth for growth's sake? Growth for those astute enough to profit from it? Or growth as an essential concomitant of political stability and social justice for the whole community? There are other searching questions. Is democracy compatible with economic growth? Are human rights and civil liberties, free enterprise and free trade unionism, compatible with growth? Where they conflict, which comes first? or what reasonable compromise can be made?

Realization of the International Human Right to Health in an Economically Integrated North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor D. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Right ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Impact

During World War II, the Allies created the United Nations and its associated international institutions to stabilize the post-war world. The Allies envisioned a coordinated world in which human rights for all were respected, economic and social progress for all promoted, and global warfare prevented. This was a phenomenally fantastic vision that seemed unattainable in the wake of the most devastating global war in history.Today, the world is witnessing some of the fruits of these mid-20th century events and aspirations, especially since the collapse of Communism in 1989. Economic integration and free trade has become much more prevalent as exemplified by astounding developments such as the European Union. And there is a greater appreciation of human rights, including the international human right to health. This article examines the evolution of trade policy and the impact of free trade policies on the health care sectors of the three countries of North America and the realization of the human right to health in North America.

APEC Works Towards Free Trade by 2020: Osaka, Japan, November 16-19, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
Deep Appreciation ◽  
Trade And Investment

Minister Kono, Minister Hashimoto, Excellencies, colleagues, and friends: It is a pleasure to join you at this year's ministerial meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. Let me take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation to our Japanese hosts. Prime Minister Murayama, Minister Kono, Minister Hashimoto, and their colleagues have worked hard to make our meetings in Osaka a success. After six years of progress and vision, APEC now faces a crucial seventh year of decision. As the guiding force for economic growth and integration in the world's most dynamic region, APEC must not only sustain the momentum it has achieved over the last two years. It must begin to take concrete and far­reaching actions to open up trade and investment in the Asia­Pacific region. If APEC is truly to make history, it must produce results.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Athiqah Nur Alami
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Rights Issue

Studies on gender mainstreaming in Southeast Asia, with its diverse socio-political background of its member states, are still under-explored. This paper examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Meanwhile, the region has shown its considerable economic growth and rapid development of human rights issue in the last decades. The study finds that ASEAN has shown its initiatives across different stages of gender mainstreaming. By the adoption of gender mainstreaming concept, ASEAN has made institutionalization of gender issues and also has produced and implemented extensive gender mainstreaming policies. However, there are constraints on each stage, which mostly are about conforming gender equality agenda to organizational mandates as well as lacks of supporting systems such as data, human resources, and funding. Even though this paper agrees on the long-term nature of gender mainstreaming strategy, the implementation of the strategy in ASEAN should be effectively improved and consistently maintained to fulfill the goals of ASEAN Community.

scholarly journals Free trade relations between Iran and India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2320-2323
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Growth Economic

In today's turbulent and complicated world, many developing countries have placed priority on free trade and investment in the various sectors of the economy in order to stay on the path of development and economic growth. Free trade and the formation of capital as one of the vital variables of growth Economic is considered, which will increase the productive forces of society through the production of capital goods, in order to enable them to produce the necessary commodities. The role of free trade and foreign investment in the planning of developing countries that now have high economic growth cannot be ignored. In India and Iran, the history of trade and investment has been formed more or less parallel to investment developments in different countries of the world. But the course of its evolutions and fluctuations in the course of international trade and the inflow of foreign capital have been more influenced by political developments and the specific political conditions of countries in different periods of time, and only economic goals have not been effective in this process. Hence, according to the information obtained through the primary and secondary data, India-Iran trade relations are positive and developing.

Trade and Investment Treaties and their Impacts

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Us ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

This chapter begins by reviewing and critiquing the ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve’ and the argument of liberal and neo-liberal theorists that increases in international trade and investment flows, by supporting economic growth, will automatically prove positive for both social development and the environment. It foreshadows three key points of tension between trade and investment flows and sustainable development, providing a framework for the analysis of sustainable development-related innovations in global and regional economic agreements in the following chapters. It then briefly introduces and discusses impact assessments of trade and investment agreements. It discusses the EU approach (sustainability impact assessments), the US approach (environmental reviews), the Canadian approach (environmental assessments) and the approaches used in selected human rights and social impact assessments, and sets the foundation for the discussion that follows in the next chapter.

Material Impacts of Trade and Investment on Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts ◽  
The Eu

Based on a survey of concerns raised in recent sustainability impact assessments (SIAs), environmental reviews (ERs) and environmental assessments (EAs), this chapter uncovers illustrative examples which help explain the potential material impacts of increased trade and investment on economic, social and environmental conditions that can affect countries’ potential for sustainable development. To this end, it briefly reviews material economic, social and environmental concerns documented in European SIAs such as the EU-Chile SIA; in North American ERs such as the Chile-US ER; and other impacts assessments, including several social and human rights impacts assessments. It then draws on this review to consider the negative social and environmental impacts that may be caused or exacerbated by trade and investment treaty provisions, recognizing that social and environmental impacts of liberalization under trade and investment agreements are not always positive. Further, it introduces the need to consider how States are seeking to mitigate such impacts, including the necessary policy and legal dimensions discussed in the following chapter.

Civil liberties and economic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIEL BENYISHAY ◽  
ROGER R. BETANCOURT
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
University Education ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

Abstract:Skepticism prevails among a substantial number of economists over a possible connection between civil liberties and the level of economic activity. Until now, empirical research on economic growth has found mixed evidence on the influence of civil liberties. Disaggregation of the Freedom House Civil Liberties Index allows a fresh empirical look at the effect of human rights on long-term growth or economic development. Our results show that one of the four subcategories of the index outperforms all available indicators of property rights institutions in explaining long-term economic growth. This subcategory, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights, captures the level of second generation human rights that affect the mobility of individuals with respect to housing, employment and university education, as well as the level of protection of property rights. This result is robust with respect to reverse causation, important omitted variables such as geography and human capital, as well as to a variety of sensitivity tests. We also discuss in our conceptual framework how civil liberties work as an indicator of the prevalence of the rule of law and how the latter affects growth or development as an essential public input.

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