Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Waldman ◽  
Emre Caliskan
Keyword(s):  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Fragile State ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Illiberal Democracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Election Victory

After another election victory, but this time winning almost 52 per cent of the vote, Recep Tayyip Erdogan became the first popularly elected president in the history of the Turkish Republic. In his victory speech, Erdogan vowed to lead Turkey into a "new era of social reconciliation by leaving old disputes in the Old Turkey." He also called on the public to "mobilize our energy for New Turkey”. However, his polarizing rhetoric and steps towards an illiberal democracy may alienate many Turkish discontents, and unless wounds are healed Turkey risks being a weak and fragile state.

The Turkish Policy Agendas Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Tolga Bulut ◽  
Tevfik Murat Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Written Questions ◽  
The Relationship

How do politicians respond to the policy priorities of the public in developing democracies? Do policymakers take into account their electoral mandate during their tenure in parliament? How does the relationship between media and politics work in a country that has a history of authoritarianism? The Turkish Policy Agendas Project aims to answer questions similar to these by providing systematic institutional data. The project content codes various parliamentary activities such as parliamentary debates, oral and written questions, parliamentary bills and laws. It also includes budget data dating back to the founding of the Turkish Republic. This chapter explains the construction of the dataset from data collection to coding, describes its features, and provides examples of possible applications.

“A New era of Labor Relations”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Shelton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
New Era ◽  
Teacher Strikes ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Federation ◽  
American Federation Of Teachers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

This chapter outlines the parameters of the “public sector labor problem.” When private sector unions grew powerful after World War II, public employees organized for similar rights. In many states they acquired the right to organize but not the right to strike. The chapter chronicles the early history of teacher unions—especially the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)—and their quest for meaningful collective bargaining. It uses Pennsylvania—the state that passed the furthest reaching attempt to ensure union rights for teachers—and teacher strikes in Pittsburgh (1968, 1971) and Philadelphia (1970) to highlight the failure of liberal labor policy to prevent teacher strikes.

Robot Imams!

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-455
Author(s):  
Eve McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Call To Prayer ◽  
Turkish Language

Since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic, the Islamic call to prayer in Turkey has occupied a controversial space, sonically and culturally. Early on, the new Republic attempted to “Turkicize” the call by legally mandating Turkish language recitation, a practice that was maintained for nearly twenty years despite strong popular opposition. Although this particular practice ended in 1950, the call to prayer has continued to engender controversy. One of the more recent debates has grown out of the practice of centralization. Call to prayer centralization refers to broadcasting one muezzin, or caller, from one mosque to other area mosques in an effort to diminish “cacophony” and regulate the sound quality, ostensibly to beautify the call and make it more clearly audible. Although the goals of the centralization program have been to improve the sound quality and distribution of the call, opponents of the program have voiced concerns. Such concerns include the loss of mosque “personalities” and the possible substitution of recordings for live recitation, an especially worrisome prospect in the context of a religious practice that considers live human recitation a direct conduit to the divine. This chapter examines the early twenty-first-century history of centralization and how its implementation fits into the continuing dialogue on the public declaration of faith in the context of a politically secular republic, thus contributing to studies on the use and mediation of public sonic space.

scholarly journals Local cultural contribution from Adapazarı People’s House: Sakarya Magazine and its contentAdapazarı Halkevi’nden yöresel kültüre bir katkı: Sakarya Dergisi ve içeriği

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Kenan Olgun
Keyword(s):  
English Abstract ◽  
Publication Policy ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Important Place ◽  
People's Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Started on February 19, 1932, People’s Houses have an important place in the cultural leap, secularisation and modernization policies of the early Turkish Republic. Grounded on the reasons for being a tool for propaganda of the Republican People's Party (CHP) People Houses were abolished by the Democrat Party in 1951. One of these cultural institutions whose number were reached to 478 until the year 1951 in which they had closed, is Adapazarı People’s House which is opened in February 23, 1934.The Sakarya magazine is the Adapazarı People’s House magazine. Between March 1, 1943 and August 1943, 6 issues were published. The publications of the magazines are published in the regulations of the people's houses. Despite this, Adapazarı, the district, published Sakarya Magazine. The publication policy of Sakarya Magazine is to spread the principles of the CHP. Adapazari has named Sakarya as the magazine which also wants to be a province.The People’s Houses, which are came to be known as the institutions of culture and which is also a means of giving people the idea of being a nation and a citizen, began to publish journals in order to reveal their politics to the public. During the period of Atatürk , the journal of People’s House of Adapazarı which is called Sakarya, has been going on to be an important source for the history of Adapazarı. So, in the study, the first publishing of Sakarya, some problems during the publishing period, the subjects in the journal and closing of the journal have studied.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetMüze ve Sergi şubesi hariç olmak üzere 23 Şubat 1934 tarihinde diğer şubeleri ile birlikte açılan Adapazarı Halkevi, Halkevlerinin kapatıldığı 1951 yılına kadar çok çeşitli alanlarda faaliyetlerde bulunmuştur. Bunlardan biri de dergi çıkarma görevi de olan Dil ve Edebiyat Şubesidir. Her ne kadar 1940 yönetmeliğinde dergi çıkartma görevi il merkezlerindeki halkevlerine verilmiş olsa da döneminde Kocaeli’ne bağlı bir ilçe olan Adapazarı da dergi çıkartma işinden geri kalmamıştır. Yöreden geçen nehirden adını alan Sakarya Dergisi, yayın hayatına 1 Mart 1943 tarihinde başlamıştır. Sakarya Dergisi, ancak 6 sayı yayınlanabilmiş, 1 Ağustos 1943 tarihli sayısıyla da yayın hayatı sona ermiştir.Adapazarı Halkevi dergisi Sakarya, Adapazarı’nın yerel tarihinde önemli bir kaynak olma özelliğini hâlâ korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sakarya dergisi ve içeriği elde mevcut olan 6 sayı üzerinden incelenecektir. Çalışmada Sakarya Dergisi’nin ortaya çıkışı, dergi çıkartma süreci ve sonrasında yaşanan sıkıntılar, dergide ele alınan konular ve derginin kapatılması ele alınmıştır.

scholarly journals Reading room of architect V. I. Sobolshchikov of the Imperial Public Library

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
N. L. Shcherbak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Reading Room ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Period

In November 1862, a great event took place in the Library - the fi rst in its history a special reading room for 250 seats was opened, built according to the project of V. I. Sobolshchikov and his assistant I. I. Gornostaev, laid down under the director M. A. Korf , but completed already in the directorship of I. D. Delyanov. The appearance in the Public Library of a new, spacious and comfortable hall for receiving visitors with a special study for artists and a room for ladies ushered in a new era. In the hall itself, a reference library of several thousand books was organized, and the supply of books from departments to the reading room was accelerated. In the reading room, instead of one general catalog for a subsidiary fund, there were seven printed systematic catalogs. The article recreates the history of the reading room in the pre-revolutionary period, provides information about its managers, gives a description of the organization of services for readers in it.

THE ENFORCEMENT OF PRINCIPLE ON LEGALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN FIGHT AGAINST THE IRREGULAR MIGRATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bartko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Border Fence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principle Of Legality ◽  
European Migration

From 2015 Hungary has been permanently affected by the irregular migratory flow, which – already in 2015 - marked a beginning of a new era in the history of European migration. In many European countries, including in Hungary, the public opinion related to irregular migration has forced the legislators to take the necessary and effective measures against it. In Hungary, among others, criminal law has been also in focus. The first step was the construction of the physical border fence, and as a second stage, the Hungarian Parliament adopted the legal framework on its protection. In accordance with this step, new crimes were inserted into the Hungarian Criminal Code, which entered into force in 15 September 2015. These crimes - are called in the Hungarian literature as „crimes against the border barrier” – were the following: unlawful crossing the border barrier, damaging the border barrier and the obstruction on construction work of the border barrier. According to the relevant official statistical data, the number of crimes against the border barrier decreased significantly for the past few years. In contrast to it, the number of the irregular entries or attempts across the border barrier detected by the Hungarian authorities – at least according to the statistical data published by the Hungarian Police Force – are higher than the number of the criminal procedures conducted due to the crimes mentioned. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present how the principle of „legality” is enforced by the Hungarian authorities concerning the irregular entries and what kind of conclusions can we make according to the criminal-statistical data and to the detected irregular entries. The paper – after presenting the legal background – will analyze the data mentioned above and will try to make legal conclusions and proposals in connection with the fundamental procedural principle mentioned above.

Once and Future Wetlands

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

A societal conflict as prolonged and complex as the reversal of national policy on wetlands in the United States must contain some lessons for the future. Perhaps we are still too close to the issues to have everything in perspective historically, but two lessons seem obvious. One of these has to do with the channelizing effect of change in public attitudes toward wetlands and the other with the stabilizing effect of science on regulations and policies intended for the protection of wetlands. A look back at the previous chapters suggests that the history of wetland policy in the United States can be divided into three eras: a classical era during which removal was the policy; a modern era during which protection was the policy; and a new era, which appears to be postmodern in the sense that we adjust protection qualitatively in an attempt to make our coexistence with wetlands more comfortable. Politics of the removal era appear to have been relatively tranquil, as congressional action surrounding wetlands developed almost entirely through consultation with a single interest group (i.e., those who saw some economically beneficial potential in federal progams subsidizing or encouraging the removal of wetlands; Tzoumis 1998). The desire for protection, although present in some circles much earlier, became politically potent in parallel with the growth of general public support for environmental legislation. From that time forward, legislation and national policy have consistently been formed in an atmosphere of strongly opposing viewpoints, but the protectionist impulse has prevailed. It seems doubtful now that an open legislative assault on wetland protection would be successful, simply because the public has fully absorbed the idea of protection for about a generation. The fundamental intent of protectionism, however, still could be subverted judicially or administratively; this is the main issue for the future. From 1970 to the present, the politics of wetlands has seemed unstable and even chaotic. Participants in the contest over wetlands typically have viewed the future with a high degree of pessimism. This is especially true for the defenders of wetlands, who fear, and in some cases almost anticipate, reactionary backsliding.

The Frick Art Reference Library: sharing a virtual future

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Patricia Barnett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of

The Frick Art Reference Library, founded in 1920 as a research library accessible to the public, grew steadily in holdings and reputation throughout the 20th century. Its special text and image resources now make it ideal for a new era. Projects are underway to transform the Photoarchive into a digital surrogate. Among the aims of the Library’s newly established Center for the History of Collecting in America, as it responds to the changing needs of researchers, is to incorporate new areas for discussion, dialogue and workshops. As a participant in the planning stage of the New York Art Resources Consortium (NYARC), a recently conceived collaborative, the Frick will focus on shared access and delivery, reducing duplication, and further expanding research capabilities for a broader, ever-evolving community of users.

From the History of the Public Library in the Village Tagai of Simbirsk District in Simbirsk Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Patutkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

The article is dedicated to unknown page in the library history of Ulyanovsk region. The author writes about the role of Trusteeship on people temperance in opening of libraries. The history of public library organized in the beginning of XX century in the Tagai village of Simbirsk district in Simbirsk province is renewed.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

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