The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

scholarly journals Indigenous People, Organized Crime and Natural Resources: Borders, Incentives and Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. van Uhm ◽  
Ana G. Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the Emberá–Wounaan and Akha Indigenous people and organized crime groups vying for control over natural resources in the Darién Gap of East Panama and West Colombia and the Golden Triangle (the area where the borders of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand meet), respectively. From a southern green criminological perspective, we consider how organized crime groups trading in natural resources value Indigenous knowledge. We also examine the continued victimization of Indigenous people in relation to environmental harm and the tension between Indigenous peoples’ ecocentric values and the economic incentives presented to them for exploiting nature. By looking at the history of the coloniality and the socioeconomic context of these Indigenous communities, this article generates a discussion about the social framing of the Indigenous people as both victims and offenders in the illegal trade in natural resources, particularly considering the types of relationships established with dominant criminal groups present in their ancestral lands.

Energy R&D: in tepid pursuit of collective goods

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis B. Bobrow ◽  
Robert T. Kudrle
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economy Approach

Continued dependence on expensive imported liquid fuels puts stress on the relations among and the domestic performance of the members of OECD. Coordinated energy R&D could in principle lessen those stresses and also benefit other liquid fuel consumers. A political economy approach can help explain the tepid pursuit of this possibility in two ways. First, it can clarify the reasons for the weak collective action energy R&D record of the members of the OECD both before and after the oil events of 1973. Second, it can demonstrate and identify the nature of the undersupply of the public good of energy knowledge. The history of this area illustrates several general obstacles to the provision of public goods in realistically complex political situations. These include the uncertain and distant nature of commitments to actually deliver collective goods in the absense of self-enforcing agreements, unwillingness to jeopardize possible future private advantages, and the tendencies to link provision of particular public goods to cooperation by other parties with the provider on a host of other matters. In effect, the attempts of particular statesmen to tie energy R&D cooperation to other issues reinforce tendencies to view the choices not as ones about the level of provision of public goods, but rather as ones about national shares of private goods—economic, military, and political.

scholarly journals From Practices to Teaching: Challenges and Opportunities of Public Administration in the Arab World

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-98
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Institutions

This paper examines the challenges facing PA education, considering the colonial heritage of the region. Over the past decade, researchers have paid attention to Public Administration (PA) and its education in the Middle East. Many explored the history of the PA in the region and the quality of PA programs within high education institutes. In the context of the developmental challenges that face the current generation in the region, and under the current political circumstances which have negative consequences on PA, many voices call for a reliable and high-quality PA education and good governance, which includes accountability, transparency, democracy, and other concepts related to bureaucratic machinery within the public institutions. There is therefore a need to examine what governmental institutions, together with academic institutions in the Arab States, are doing to make significant progress in this field. The paper examines the main challenges facing PA education in Arab countries.

Using multi-agency, multi-professional collaboration to reduce serious violence and organized crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Staniforth ◽  
Una Jennings ◽  
Jamie Henderson ◽  
Simon Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
The City

Serious violence and organized crime have been rising both nationally and in Sheffield, contributing significantly to increasing knife and gun crime, which results in threats to community safety and well-being. A multi-agency project with stakeholders across all levels of command and co- located operational staff was established to undertake collaborative activity that would protect the public by pursuing offenders as well as preparing for and preventing serious violence and organized crime: Fortify. Using a 4P approach, Fortify worked across professional and organizational boundaries to disrupt serious violence and organized crime. Relationships between partners have improved substantially through increased communication and understanding of the different roles, perspectives, and levers of each partner. A recent Home Office locality review applauded our partnership. Intelligence sharing has improved, leading to increased disruptive activity, including increased seizure of money, drugs, and firearms, as well as more arrests and safeguarding referrals. The number of mapped Organized Crime Groups (OCGs) operating across the city has reduced from 19 to 12. Processes and procedures have improved, reducing duplication and holding of information in silos. Community groups are more engaged, allowing us to address serious violence and organized crime in partnership. We propose to undertake action research with the involvement of all partners to provide more robust evaluation of our initial findings. We have found that collaboration between Police and Partners increases collective responsibility and facilitates success in tackling serious violence and organized crime.

The Gem of the Prairie

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Campaign Contributions ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Politics

This chapter traces the history of vice and crime in Chicago from the Civil War until the beginning of Prohibition, paying special attention to the rise of machine politics under Michael Cassius McDonald, organizer of Chicago's first crime syndicate. It argues that organized crime in Chicago was not imported from the south of Italy but began because Chicago machine politicians provided political protection to vice syndicates and criminal gangs in exchange for votes and campaign contributions. The chapter reviews the history of one vice district that played a significant role in the development of organized crime in Chicago, the Levee, beginning with the original Custom House Levee and its eventual movement to the “New” Levee in the city's Near South Side. It also discusses the roles played by municipal aldermen John Coughlin and Michael Kenna as protectors of vice and crime in Chicago's First Ward. Finally, it analyzes the history of the public outcry against segregated vice and the eventual closure of the Levee vice district.

Mexico’s Living Dead

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa-Linda Fregoso
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
Living Dead ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
The Impact

In September 2014, I was as a judge for the Hearing on Feminicide and Gender Violences organized by the Permanent People’s Tribunal in Chihuahua, Mexico. Although the levels of social violence and insecurity have touched the lives of everyone, the impact has been most devastating for women. For three days we heard testimonies from victims of feminicide, disappearances and trafficking, structural violence, forced exile, domestic violence, sexual violence, and persecution as human-rights defenders. We heard repeated references to the police’s and military’s long history of violating human rights with impunity, to the complicity of the state authorities with organized crime, to cartel infiltration at all levels of government, to a <i>narco-maquina</i> (narco-machine) currently ruling Mexico. It became exceedingly difficult to determine whether it was agents of the state or organized crime groups that were perpetrating these crimes against humanity.  

scholarly journals Development of methodology in modern terminology science

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sergey Grinev
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Further Development

The paper discusses the history of terminology science from the point of view of evolution of methods of terminological research and ordering terminologies. Stages of development of terminology science are associated with predominant usage and perfecting of particular approaches – systemic, semiotic, parametric, typological, diachronic and anthropolinguistic – which makes it possible to view the history of terminology science as history of development of methods of investigating special vocabulary. Systemic approach to viewing terminology is based, firstly, on the principle that every science is founded on a system of concepts and may be represented as such, and, secondly, on the fact that the meaning of every word is defined by its lexical surrounding. Therefore the objects of study in terminology are not separate terms but terminologies. Semiotic approach was first applied to characteristics of term viewed as a sign and then was extended to classifying terminologies and their features. This approach made it possible not only to group terminological characteristics into semantic, formal and functional but also to discover other aspects of sign, such as their evolution and structure. At the end of the 1970-s a new, parametric approach started to be used in describing and analysing special vocabulary. The concept of terminological parameter was defined as a measurable characteristics showing a degree of manifestation of a certain feature. Introducing parametric approach to describing and comparing terminologies enabled terminologists to evaluate the existing state of terminological research and realise the need to turn from uncoordinated separate investigations to unified efforts to discover the most typical basic features of terminologies of various languages and branches of knowledge and terminology in general. Thus were elaborated typological methods of terminological research. Practical needs to perfect the process of translating terms enhanced comparative terminological studies. It was found that comparing terminologies of various languages presented in systemic way makes it possible to establish the exact terminological equivalents and discover the drawbacks of the existing translating dictionaries. The need to predict the ways of development of terminologies lead to understanding the importance of diachronic analysis of various terminologies. The next step in building awareness of the possible ways in development of terminologies was elaboration of anthropolinguistic approach to terminological research, which is characterised by trying to find the historical causes for changes in human mind as reflected in respective changes in vocabulary. As the result of elaborating, testing and applying various approaches to terminological studies at present we have created ample opportunities to analyse, correct and regulate further development of special vocabulary.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TRADITION OF THE CAUCASUS IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Zuleiha Zhambotovna GLASHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development ◽  
History Of Formation

The article discusses the main directions in the study of the Caucasus: "the governmental", "the scientific" and "the public". The article highlights the activities of academic expeditions of the XVIII-XIX centuries, which initiated the scientific study of the peoples of the Caucasus, as well as the contribution of the military historians, scientific institutions and the societies to the study of the region. The author comes to conclusion that the XVIII - beginning of XIX centuries is the time of formation of the intelligent Caucasian studies, as well as the beginning of the formation of scientific understanding the region. It is noted that the study of travelers and military historians works is one of the main tasks of the national Caucasian studies and is necessary for the further development of historical science as a whole.

Genesis of ethno-confessional organized criminal formations in Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ahmedov ◽  
Ekaterina Voyde ◽  
Damir Ahmedov ◽  
Evgeniya Manuilova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Organized Crime Groups

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis of ethno-confessional organized crime groups in Russia. The characteristic features of such groups, their tasks and goals are considered. The reasons and history of the emergence of the first criminal ethno-confessional organizations in Russia. The relevance of the problem in the modern period of time. And also, it was concluded that at present, the primary task of the legislator should be the initiative to revise regulatory legal acts, expand the legal framework, in order to counteract this kind of negative social manifestations, taking into account the specifics of the development of modern religious organized crime groups.

The Black Mafia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
American Society ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the historical role of African Americans in organized crime in Chicago. It begins with a brief overview of black migration and settlement in Chicago in order to elucidate the relationship between the city's black community and the larger political, economic, and social organization. It then traces the history of the ethnic vice industry that flourished in Chicago's African American community during the first half of the twentieth century. It also considers how policy gambling—a lottery gambling system in which players wagered a small sum of money on a combination of three numbers—became the most important form of vice activity in Chicago's black South Side, citing the role played by three men: Patsy King, King Foo, and Sam Young. The chapter argues that sophisticated African American organized crime groups existed in Chicago independent of white organized crime largely because of the segregated nature of American society. African American organized crime did not follow Italian organized crime but existed alongside Irish and Italian groups from the first days of syndicated vice.

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