Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
James E. Katz ◽  
Kate K. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Digital Disruption

The volume’s introduction locates the current digital dimension of “fake news” phenomenon in the nascent days of the Internet and broadly discusses the issues with information online and the often frustrating pursuit of truth in that context. Given the vast topic of truth in journalism, the chapter outlines the selective inquiries the book makes to bridge discussions of digital disruption in journalism. Precipitated by social media technologies, it probes deeper questions about truth and objectivity in journalism. It discusses several key approaches to truth in journalism that may be taken, and then reviews different perspectives on “news”—practitioner’s, democratic, sociological, psychological, economic, and political views. The introduction next previews the volume’s contents, organized under the main themes of “democracy, news, and society,” “pillars of truth in journalism,” the “craft of journalism,” and “reception and perception” of news, and closes with a description of how the volume treats its tripartite prongs of politics, truth, and technology.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

Law and order, war and peace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Baecker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Current Case ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Disruption

Most computers during the Second World War, such as the British code-breaking Colussus machine, had been developed for military use. The effects on law and order and war and peace of computerization, worldwide telecommunications, social media, artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics is the topic of Chapter 6. As in Chapter 5, the most compelling visions of the potential opportunities and dangers have been in science fiction and in film; we begin the chapter by reviewing some memorable examples. We then discuss how technology is used by the police, such as the use of video evidence to sometimes exonerate the police against false accusations of needless brutality. We also examine how citizens are using social media to protect themselves and alert others to what they believe is unwarranted violence or unjust actions by law enforcement. We expand upon Section 5.7’s discussion of citizen mobilization by social media with the goal of regime change. In this context, we discuss how the government (especially police and security services) gains leverage via the surveillance of the digital information and communications of citizens. This surveillance has significantly increased due to security concerns post-9/11. We will examine these developments in the USA, Canada, and the UK, as well as in other parts of the world. We shall also discuss cases of organizations trying to subvert societies that repress and forbid access to the internet, with the goal of enabling its citizens to access the internet freely. Next, we consider ways in which tools of digital disruption are used by a country or government or a set of individuals against others. The timely and current case study explored is on governmental use of hacking and other aggressive digital means to interfere with the electoral processes of another country, or even to disrupt or destabilize the other country. At the extreme, governments engage in cyberterrorism or even cyberwar­fare. We shall discuss several recent examples of this and argue that weapons of cyberwar­fare could be as catastrophic as nuclear or biological weapons. The technology of warfare has also evolved.

Fake News Polarization for Sentiment Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Chirag Visani ◽  
Vishal Sorathiya ◽  
Sunil Lavadiya
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Sentiment Mining

The popularity of the internet has increased the use of e-commerce websites and news channels. Fake news has been around for many years, and with the arrival of social media and modern-day news at its peak, easy access to e-platform and exponential growth of the knowledge available on social media networks has made it intricate to differentiate between right and wrong information, which has caused large effects on the offline society already. A crucial goal in improving the trustworthiness of data in online social networks is to spot fake news so the detection of spam news becomes important. For sentiment mining, the authors specialise in leveraging Facebook, Twitter, and Whatsapp, the most prominent microblogging platforms. They illustrate how to assemble a corpus automatically for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. They create a sentiment classifier using the corpus that can classify between fake, real, and neutral opinions in a document.

scholarly journals An Agenda in the Interest of Audiences: Facing the Challenges of Intrusive Media Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brita Ytre-Arne ◽  
Ranjana Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Research Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article formulates a five-point agenda for audience research, drawing on implications arising out of a systematic foresight analysis exercise on the field of audience research, conducted between 2014 and 2017, by the research network Consortium on Emerging Directions in Audience Research (CEDAR). We formulate this agenda in the context of the rapid datafication of society, amid emerging technologies, including the Internet of Things, and following a transformative decade, which overlapped with the pervasion of social media, proliferation of connected gadgets, and growing interest in and concern about big data. The agenda we formulate includes substantial and intellectual priorities concerning intrusive technologies, critical data literacies, labour, co-option, and resistance, and argues for the need for research on these matters, in the interest of audiences.

scholarly journals Fakebook: why Facebook makes the fake news problem inevitable

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
Paul Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mass Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

The current ‘fake news’ phenomenon is a modern manifestation of something that has existed throughout history. The difference between what happens now and what has happened before is driven by the nature of the internet and social media – and Facebook in particular. Three key strands of Facebook’s business model – invading privacy to profile individuals, analysing mass data to profile groups, then algorithmically curating content and targeting individuals and groups for advertising – create a perfect environment for fake news. Proposals to ‘deal’ with fake news either focus on symptoms or embed us further in the algorithms that create the problem. Whilst we embrace social media, particularly as a route to news, there is little that can be done to reduce the impact of fake news and misinformation. The question is whether the benefits to freedom of expression that social media brings mean that this is a price worth paying.

Employing artificial intelligence techniques as a mechanism for investigation, scrutiny, and detection of fake news and rumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Yosra Sobeih ◽  
El Taieb EL Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Work ◽  
False News ◽  
Editorial Processing

Modern communication means have imposed many changes on the media work in the different stages of content production, starting from gathering news, visual and editorial processing, verification and verification of the truthfulness of what was stated in it until its publication, so the changes that were stimulated by modern means and technologies and artificial intelligence tools have affected all stages of news and media production, since the beginning of the emergence of rooms. Smart news that depends on human intelligence and then machine intelligence, which has become forced to keep pace with the development in communication means, which has withdrawn in the various stages of production, and perhaps the most important of which is the process of investigation and scrutiny and the detection of false news and rumors in our current era, which has become the spread of information very quickly through the Internet and websites Social media and various media platforms

scholarly journals Information Management in Healthcare and Environment: Towards an Automatic System for Fake News Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Lara-Navarra ◽  
Hervé Falciani ◽  
Enrique A. Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Antonia Ferrer-Sapena
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
False News ◽  
The Right ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Comments and information appearing on the internet and on different social media sway opinion concerning potential remedies for diagnosing and curing diseases. In many cases, this has an impact on citizens’ health and affects medical professionals, who find themselves having to defend their diagnoses as well as the treatments they propose against ill-informed patients. The propagation of these opinions follows the same pattern as the dissemination of fake news about other important topics, such as the environment, via social media networks, which we use as a testing ground for checking our procedure. In this article, we present an algorithm to analyse the behaviour of users of Twitter, the most important social network with respect to this issue, as well as a dynamic knowledge graph construction method based on information gathered from Twitter and other open data sources such as web pages. To show our methodology, we present a concrete example of how the associated graph structure of the tweets related to World Environment Day 2019 is used to develop a heuristic analysis of the validity of the information. The proposed analytical scheme is based on the interaction between the computer tool—a database implemented with Neo4j—and the analyst, who must ask the right questions to the tool, allowing to follow the line of any doubtful data. We also show how this method can be used. We also present some methodological guidelines on how our system could allow, in the future, an automation of the procedures for the construction of an autonomous algorithm for the detection of false news on the internet related to health.

scholarly journals DAMPAK POSITIF DAN NEGATIF SOSIAL MEDIA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL ANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Sulidar Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
School Age ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Primary School Age

Children of primary school age today is learning quickly in The use of technological devices that many adult people use such as a mobile phone or laptop connected to the Internet network so it’s provide easy access to an incredible wide world to a variety of sites and applications that are provided in free of charge, Social media technologies indicate social change among children of primary school age in terms of social activities or relationships between human beings. The method of collecting data in this study were collected by observation at the school, in this case also has done an interview to the principal and students of class VI SDN Tugu 3 Gunung Java Cihideung Tasikmalaya, the number of students who were interviewed as a whole amounted to 65 people, this study obtained their personal indication of antisocial child because too preoccupied with social media being used.

scholarly journals Assigning Responsibility for Preventing the Spread of Misinformation Online: Some Findings on Gender Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Moncef Belhadjali ◽  
Gary Whaley ◽  
Sami Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Attention

“Fake News” gained major attention throughout all types of media such as print media, broadcast news, and the Internet. This paper utilizes data from a survey of Internet users to compare the perceptions of females and males of the responsibility in preventing the spread of fake news. Those held responsible for taking additional control include public, government, and social media sites. Most respondents (91%) think that made up news stories hinder Americans. Also, most Americans agree that all three players should be more responsible -public (76%), government (73%), networking sites (76%). The results of a regression analysis followed by a t-test revealed that there is no statistically significant gender difference among the means. However, females are more likely to attribute the primary responsibility to the social media sites, when males are more likely to perceive the government as the primary responsible.

scholarly journals Calculate the score of a social media profile and posts on twitter and other social media sites on the internet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Online Presence

In the age of social networking, finding the worth of one’s social presence and online interactions can have a significant impact on tackling the problem of fake news. We are proposing a scoring mechanism which can also be used to calculate the worth of one’s online presence, and also to suggests numerical score to a particular thought posted on the internet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document