The Diaspora and Returnee Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This book analyses the role that the diaspora play when returning as entrepreneurs to their homeland. Returnee entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who have moved away from their home country and lived as part of the diaspora, and have later returned home to live, invest, or both. With increased movements of people around the world, the role of transnational economic activity is becoming ever more significant, yet little is still understood about the motivations and contribution of those who return to their homeland to undertake entrepreneurial activity. The book examines return to post-conflict economies, with the returnees initially forced to move due to war. In doing so, it examines policy approaches to return and the intentions of returnees, and highlights the important role that emotional attachment plays in harnessing return. The book recognises the undoubted potential of diaspora entrepreneurs to benefit their homeland. Yet it also recognises the challenges in doing so. Not all diaspora entrepreneurship will be beneficial. Not all policy interventions will be effective, despite good intentions. Yet the lessons contained within this book are that by understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with diaspora return entrepreneurship, more effective strategies can be put in place.

How Emotional Ties Influence the Diaspora to Return

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 6 examines the role of emotional ties in fostering diaspora entrepreneurs to return and invest in their home country. The chapter utilises in-depth interviews with returnee entrepreneurs to B&H, Kosovo, and Montenegro, and draws on the theory of embeddedness. The chapter finds that while entrepreneurship is often considered to be a profit-maximising activity, in the case of returnee entrepreneurs to post-conflict economies, other motivations can be more prevalent. Indeed the analysis demonstrates that for entrepreneurs returning to post-conflict economies, an emotional attachment to the home country is the most important driver of activity. Furthermore, the desire for emotional gains influences investment activities over time, often leading to investment in family and friends, or activities which have a social impact.

Between Isolation and Assimilation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
At Home

The chapter introduces key debates related to the role of the diaspora in their home economies, particularly the role that they can play as returnee entrepreneurs. With increased movements of people around the world, the role of transnational economic activity is becoming ever more significant. The chapter shows that the diaspora can be caught between isolation and assimilation. They can be isolated because of their years living abroad, as well as their negative perceptions of the institutional environment at home. Yet many of them also wish to become more assimilated and have an emotional desire to help their home country. Many stay away and do not invest. Those who return later can seek to avoid the negative impact of barriers to entrepreneurship, and can for example avoid government engagement activities as they mistrust policy actors’ intentions. The chapter sets out the implications of these different types of engagement for homeland economies.

scholarly journals Moving beyond financial remittances: The evolution of diaspora policy in post-conflict economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Diaspora Policy ◽  
Outward Migration ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article examines the role of institutional change in engaging the diaspora to invest in their home country. The article draws on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, all post-conflict economies which have experienced significant outward migration. This article shows that despite the importance attached to the diaspora in policy discourse, they are an under-utilised resource in economic and social development. While diaspora entrepreneurs have a strong emotional connection to their home country, they have faced numerous barriers upon returning due to unstable institutional environments. Many provide financial remittances but can remain isolated from entrepreneurial activity, and social remittances are limited due to the skills gained while in the host country. Institutional improvements are required if they are to be assimilated into the economy. The article concludes by providing a number of implications for institutional theory and policy.

World Economic Crisis as a Process of Substitution of Technological Modes

2009 ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glaziev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Technological Mode ◽  
World Economic Crisis

The article analyzes fundamental reasons for the world economic crisis in the light of global technological shifts. It proves that it is caused by the substitution of technological modes. It is shown that sharp increase and slump in stock indices and prices for energy resources are typical of the process of technological substitution which occurs regularly according to the rhythm of long-wave fluctuations of the world economic activity. The article rationalizes a package of anti-crisis measures aimed at stimulating the new technological mode. Its structure and role of the locomotive factor of the new long wave of economic growth are revealed.

Examining the Factors Shaping the Debate Around the Globalization of Higher Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasios Sarantinos
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

The chapter explores the impact globalization has created for the higher education sector, looking at how the landscape evolved across the world and how the role of universities has been transformed. Extending the analysis further, there is an investigation of how institutions have tried to respond to the emerging challenges and opportunities presented as a consequence of the shifting field. The focus then moves to the African continent and peruses the particular development of higher education under the influence of colonial legacy and globalization, examining how institutions have endeavored to adapt. The chapter draws to an end with a reflection of the main issues, inherent limitations, and how the research agenda could be taken further.

Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Joana Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Different Cultures

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

9. The Epicurean legacy

2015 ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Catherine Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Thought ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Ethical Systems

‘The Epicurean legacy’ begins by reviewing the Epicurean philosophy outlined in this VSI. It concludes that the Epicurean depiction of the world was both inspiration for and anathema to generations of later philosophers and their readers. The moral, political, and theological ideas associated with it stimulated metaphysics, science, and social thought, arousing at times furious resistance. Epicureanism is not a fatalistic philosophy. It lays great weight on human choices and preferences, and on the role of chance in presenting challenges and opportunities that call on our powers of invention as well as our rationality. It is also the most compassionate of the ancient ethical systems.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON GLOBAL TOURISM

10.26458/1728 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Bogdan Sofronov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism

Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact,the industry has significant indirect and induced impacts.The outlook for the Tourism sector in 2017 remains robust and will continue to be at the forefront of wealth and employment creation in the global economy, despite the emergence of a number of challenging headwinds.In tourism, GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 3.8%, up from 3.1% in 2016. As nations seem to be looking increasingly inward, putting in place barriers to trade and movement of people, the role of Tourism becomes even more significant, as an engine of economic development and as a vehicle for sharing cultures, creating peace, and building mutual understanding.

scholarly journals „Następca św. Piotra, ale jeszcze z pełną świadomością następcy św. Stanisława”. O pielgrzymie i pielgrzymce Jana Pawła II do Polski A.D. 1979

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 421-438
Author(s):  
Beata K. Obsulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Holy See ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

The subject of this article is the first pilgrimage by John Paul II to Poland in 1979. An analysis of his speeches delivered during this pilgrimage and the historical circumstances of the pilgrimage itself (the first pilgrimage by a Pope to Poland, a country with a socialist system at that time which promoted atheism; a visit by a Polish Pope to his home country shortly after his election to the Holy See; a visit to a Pope’s homeland other than Italy – a phenomenon unknown in the history of the papacy for the previous 455 years) allows us to capture its special character in the history of Poland and in the life of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II. The Pope was faced with a difficult pastoral and diplomatic task, which was to fulfil his religious mission (strengthening the Christian faith in Poland and in other Slavic nations; showing the path of development for the Church in Poland; showing gratitude to the Polish Church for her heroic perseverance in the People’s Republic of Poland; emphasising the cultural role of Christianity in the world) and also to change the image of Poland in the world (while carefully avoiding any escalation of tensions between the Church and the state authorities and the influence of the USSR in Poland). This was accompanied – from a sociopsychological perspective – by his taking up the role of leader of the universal Church, a role which he had to learn, and, at the same time, maintaining the style of communication with his countrymen which he had developed earlier while a church dignitary in Poland.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND APPLICABLE BASES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COAL INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPED ECONOMICS AS A MODEL OF STRATEGIC ENERGY RESOURCES

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Inna Poshtaruk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Important Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article describes the role of coal in economic activity as an important type of strategic energy resources. The trends of its extraction and consumption in the world economy are outlined. The main problems of the development of the coal industry in different countries are highlighted and countries are classified according to the policy of coal mining and consumption.

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