Knowledge Production in International Law: Forces and Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-179
Author(s):  
Andrea Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
International Law ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Invisible

How knowledge of international law is produced, by what forces and processes it is shaped, how one can determine what issues are deemed relevant to the field, what questions can be competently raised by the members of the profession and the discipline, and who has the authority to provide them with an answer, are all issues that lie at the heart of this chapter. Particular attention will be paid to the concepts of both epistemic communities and discursive policies. In light of the interaction of the different forces and actors at play in the production of knowledge, an attempt will be made to sketch out the main trends of the contemporary episteme of international law. The final part of the chapter tackles the issue of how to bring to light and make visible the invisible frames of knowledge production in international law, by using critical theory and the power of legal imagination.

The Geographic Production of Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Bier
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Audre Lorde ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Power Asymmetries ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Mapping Israel, Mapping Palestine provides an extended critique of the notion that technoscientific facts should function as impartial arbiters in international conflicts. Chapter 6, “The Geographic Production of Knowledge”, draws on this overarching motif to explore its significance for broader research on knowledge and expertise. In particular, it highlights the need for researchers to materially alter the process of research in order to enable more heterogeneous landscapes for knowledge production. Returning to the themes of internationalism, landscape, and symmetry from chapter 1, this chapter also critically draws on the work of iconic poets and social justice activists like Mahmoud Darwish, Audre Lorde, and Nawal El Saadawi. It explores the following questions: How can researchers reflexively reshape landscapes in order to allow for more socially just forms of knowledge? What are the challenges to solidarity and cooperation due to geographical imbalances of power? The resulting analysis returns to the overall notion of geographic production, while also indicating a further layer of reflexivity for critical theory: the practice of material reflexivity, or awareness of one’s own situated position in landscapes with respect to power asymmetries—asymmetries that include international and economic hierarchies within academia itself.

Muslim Women and the Politics of Representation

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Zine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Muslim Woman ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Feminist Writing ◽  
Textual Representation ◽  
Relations Of Power

This paper examines the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women in western literary traditions and con­temporary feminist writing, with a view to understanding the political, ideological, and economic mediations that have histor­ically framed these representations. The meta-narrative of the Muslim woman has shifted from the bold queens of medieval lit­erature to colonial images of the seraglio's veiled, secluded, and oppressed women. Contemporary feminist writing and popular culture have reproduced the colonial motifs of Muslim women, and these have regained currency in the aftermath of9/1 l. Drawing upon the work of Mohja Kahf, this paper begins by mapping the evolution of the Muslim woman archetype in western literary traditions. The paper then examines how some contemporary feminist literature has reproduced in new ways the discursive tropes that have had historical currency in Muslim women's textual representation. The analysis is atten­tive to the ways in which the cultural production of knowledge about Muslim women has been implicated historically by the relations of power between the Muslim world and the West ...

Can housing rights be applied to modern housing systems?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Kenna
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Housing Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Translation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline and examine the growing corpus of housing rights and assess their relevance and applicability to complex contemporary housing systems across the world.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sets out the principal instruments and commentaries on housing rights developed by the United Nations, regional and other bodies. It assesses their relevance in the context of contemporary analysis of housing systems, organized and directed by networks of legal and other professionals within particular domains.FindingsHousing rights instruments are accepted by all States across the world at the level of international law, national constitutions and laws. The findings suggest that there are significant gaps in the international law conception and framework of housing rights, and indeed, human rights generally, which create major obstacles for the effective implementation of these rights. There is a preoccupation with one element of housing systems, that of subsidized or social housing. However, effective housing rights implementation requires application at meso‐, micro‐ and macro‐levels of modern, dynamic housing systems as a whole. Epistemic communities of professionals develop and shape housing law and policy within these domains. The housing rights paradigm must be further fashioned for effective translation into contemporary housing systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe development of housing rights precedents, both within international and national law, is leading to a wide and diffuse corpus of legislation and case law. More research is needed on specific examples of effective coupling between housing rights and elements of housing systems.Originality/valueThis paper offers housing policy makers and lawyers an avenue into the extensive jurisprudence and writings on housing rights, which will inevitably become part of the lexicon of housing law across the world. It also highlights the limitations of housing rights implementation, but offers some new perspectives on more effective application of these rights.

Mapping Senufo: Reframing Questions, Reevaluating Sources, and Reimagining a Digital Monograph

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Susan Elizabeth Gagliardi ◽  
Constantine Petridis
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Digital Publication ◽  
Politics Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract Mapping Senufo: Art, Evidence, and the Production of Knowledge – an in-progress, collaborative, born-digital publication – will offer a model for joining theories about the construction of identities and the politics of knowledge production with research and publication practice. In this article, we examine how computational methods have led us to reframe research questions, reevaluate sources, and reimagine the form of a digital monograph. We also demonstrate how our use of digital technologies, attention to iteration, and collaborative mode of working have generated fresh insights into a corpus of arts identified as Senufo, the nature of evidence for art-historical research, and digital publication. We posit that the form of a digital publication itself can bring processes of knowledge construction to the fore and unsettle expectations of a tidy, authoritative narrative.

scholarly journals The need to connect: on the cell biology of synapses, behaviors, and networks in science

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (21) ◽  
pp. 3203-3207
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cellular Communication ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Scientific Networks ◽  
Ramón Y Cajal

My laboratory is interested in the cell biology of the synapse. Synapses, which are points of cellular communication between neurons, were first described by Santiago Ramón y Cajal as “protoplasmic kisses that appear to constitute the final ecstasy of an epic love story.” Who would not want to work on that?! My lab examines the biological mechanisms neurons use to find and connect to each other. How are synapses formed during development, maintained during growth, and modified during learning? In this essay, I reflect about my scientific journey to the synapse, the cell biological one, but also a metaphorical synapse—my role as a point of contact between the production of knowledge and its dissemination. In particular, I discuss how the architecture of scientific networks propels knowledge production but can also exclude certain groups in science.

scholarly journals Transnational Co-production of Knowledge: The Standardisation of Typhoon Warning Codes in the Far East, 1900–1939

Minerva ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Anduaga
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Far East ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
Far Eastern

AbstractThe why and the how of knowledge production are examined in the case of the transnational cooperation between the directors of observatories in the Far East who drew up unified typhoon-warning codes in the period 1900–1939. The why is prompted by the socioeconomic interests of the local chambers of commerce and international telegraphic companies, although this urge has the favourable wind of Far Eastern meteorologists’ ideology of voluntarist internationalism. The how entails the persistent pursuit of consensus (on ends rather than means) in international meetings where non-binding resolutions on codes and procedures are adopted. The outcome is the co-production of standardised knowledge, that is, the development of a series of processes and practices that co-produce both knowledge and ideas about the social order in a force field characterised by negotiations and power struggles.

scholarly journals A CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADE(S) PROFISSIONAL(IS) EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Roteiro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vanzuita ◽  
Tânia Regina Raitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Professional Integration ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Palabras Clave

<p><strong>Resumo</strong>:<strong> </strong>Neste estudo analisamos como as experiências no contexto de formação e inserção profissional em Educação Física constroem identidade(s) profissional(is). Trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo por meio da produção do conhecimento (2009 a 2015) das variáveis relacionadas à identidade e inserção profissional em Educação Física. Identificamos na literatura cinzenta problemática reduzida, portanto, há necessidade de intensificar os estudos em razão das transformações no mundo do trabalho e das dificuldades de inserção desses profissionais. Concluímos que as experiências no contexto da formação e inserção profissional não estão articuladas integralmente aos processos de pesquisa e construção de métodos e metodologias.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Produção de conhecimento. Identidade profissional. Inserção profissional.</p><p align="center">CONSTRUCTION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>:<strong> </strong>In this study we examines how experiences in the context of training and employability in Physical Education build professional(ies) identity(ies). It is a reflective theoretical essay through the production of knowledge (2009-2015) related to identity and employability in Physical Education. We identified in reduced problematic gray literature, therefore, there is need to intensify their studies due to changes in the workplace and integration difficulties of these professionals. We concluded that the experiences in the training and professional integration are not fully articulated to the research processes and construction methods and methodologies.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Knowledge production. Professional identity. Employability.</p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="center">CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD PROFESIONAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Resumen: </strong>Este estudio examina cómo las experiencias en el contexto de la formación y la empleabilidad en Educación Física construyen la identidad(s) profesional(s). Se trata de un ensayo teórico reflexivo de la producción de conocimiento (2009 a 2015) relacionadas con la identidad y la empleabilidad en Educación Física. Fue identificado reducida literatura, por lo que existe la necesidad de intensificar sus estudios debido a cambios en mundo del trabajo e dificultades de integración de estos profesionales. Se concluye que las experiencias en la formación e inserción profesional no se articulan totalmente los procesos de investigación y construcción de métodos y metodologías.</p><p><strong>Palabras-clave</strong>: Producción de conocimiento. Identidad profesional. Empleabilidad.</p>

The Emulation of Peace Mediation Practices: Beware of the Jurisgenerative Train

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Emmanuel De Groof
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Constitution Building ◽  
Post War

This chapter discusses the deontology of peacemakers and mediators. It outlines the notion of epistemic communities and the reproduction of value systems, asking whether any form of emulation influences the evolution of international law in relation to transitional governance (‘TG’). The re-occurrence of TG can be attributed phenomena such as the ‘migration of constitutional ideas’, ‘constitutional borrowing’, ‘transnational information networks’, acculturation in contact groups, and the use of templates for peace building. The community of practitioners engaged in post-war countries and constitution building is relatively small. As a result, the epistemic community dealing with these issues creates a habitat favourable to the reproduction of professional practices by emulation. The question then becomes whether such reproduction is jurisgenerative, namely whether it expresses emerging law through custom creation or otherwise.

‘Targeted killing’ and the lack of acquiescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-757
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Targeted Killing ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Tacit Consent ◽  
The Right

AbstractOver the last decade, the concept targeted killing has received much attention in debates on the customary interpretation of the right to self-defence, particularly in the context of practices such as US armed drone attacks. In these debates, government silence has often been invoked as acquiescence to the jus ad bellum aspects of targeted killing. Focusing on the question of state silence on targeted killing practices by the Israeli and US governments in recent years, this article investigates over 900 UN Security Council and Human Rights Council debates and argues that there has been no tacit consent to targeted killing. The analysis firstly shows that the majority of states have condemned Israeli targeted killing practices and have raised concerns about armed drone attacks, while falling short of directly protesting against US practices. The article, secondly, applies the customary international law requirements for acquiescence and challenges the idea that silence on US armed drone attacks can be understood as a legal stance towards targeted killing. The article, finally, investigates the political context and engages with alternative interpretations of silence. Contextualizing acts of protest and lack of protest within an asymmetrical political context, the article posits that the invocation of silence as acquiescence in the case of targeted killing is problematic and risks complicity of legal knowledge production with the violence of hegemonic actors.

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