scholarly journals Rethinking Occupational Mobility in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Anthony Heath ◽  
Yizhang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses current methods for measuring and analysing occupational mobility, and the way in which methods designed for the analysis of industrial countries may need to be modified when applied in other contexts. The chapter discusses particular features of some developing countries, such as their large and complex agricultural and informal sectors, and the problem of ‘equivalence of meaning’, which arises when stratification systems involve rather different institutional arrangements, for example with respect to land tenure. The chapter concludes with a discussion of absolute and relative mobility in Chile, China, Egypt, and India, bringing out both the similarities and the differences between these countries in their absolute and relative rates of mobility and intersectionality with gender.

Intraocular tuberculosis, a challenge in diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Martina Larroude ◽  
Gustavo Ariel Budmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Choroidal Granuloma ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ocular Tb

Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The incidence of TB is still high in developing countries, and a steady increase in new cases has been observed in industrial countries as a result of the growing number of immunodeficient patients and migration from developing countries. Choroidal granuloma is a rare and atypical location of TB. We present a case of a presumptive choroidal granuloma. This case exposes that diagnosis can be remarkably challenging when there is no history of pulmonary TB. The recognition of clinical signs of ocular TB is extremely important since it provides a clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-TB therapy and to ensure a close follow-up to detect the development of any complication.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Domestic Tourism in Nepal: Issues and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Sandeep Basnyat ◽  
Suryakiran Shrestha ◽  
Bijita Shakya ◽  
Reeja Byanjankar ◽  
Shubhashree Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Government

Compared to international tourism, domestic tourism is less susceptible to external changes and provides a more stable business environment for industry stakeholders. Traditionally, the focus of a majority of tourism research has been international tourism. Existing domestic tourism literature predominantly focuses on the potential of domestic tourism and the measurement of its demands, but greatly ignores the issues and challenges in the domestic tourism industry. This article fills this gap and examines the issues and challenges the domestic tourism industry is facing with a focus on Nepal, a South Asian developing country. The data for this study were collected through semistructured interviews with 20 tourism industry practitioners. The findings of this study demonstrate how uncertainties created by the lack of institutional arrangements and prioritization, and confusion around the appropriate ways and means of managing domestic tourism have contributed to the chaos in the private sector tourism industry in Nepal. Implications for the government and other stakeholders in Nepal and other developing countries have been discussed.

International Law and Environmental Legislation in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to India and Indonesia

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
J.M. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
World Community ◽  
Brundtland Commission

1. INTRODUCTIONAttention for the pollution and degradation of the human environment over the last decades has resulted in an unprecedented increase of activities regarding environmental policy and law at both international and national levels. Since 1972 international resolutions and agreements have distinguished between environmental problems of developing countries and those of industrial countries. In that year it was proclaimed at the Stockholm UN-Conference on the Human Environment that in the developing countries most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development. The extremely complex situation in those countries in this regard was made known to the world community again by the so-called Brundtland Commission in its final report.

Technical progress and pollution abatement: an economic view of selected technologies and practices

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Per Capita

The paper first presents evidence from the engineering literature on air and water pollution control, which shows that, when the pollution abatement technologies are in place, large reductions in pollution have been achieved at costs that are small relative to the costs of production. A simulation model is then developed to study the effects of technical progress on pollution abatement, and applied to particular cases in developing countries. The results are compared with the projections of an environmental Kuznets curve: they reproduce the latter if policies were not to be introduced until per capita incomes reached levels comparable to those of the industrial countries when they first introduced their policies; but show dramatically lower and earlier peaks if policies were to be introduced earlier. The conclusion is shown to apply more generally, and it is argued that developing countries can aspire to addressing their environmental problems at a much earlier phase of development than the industrial countries before them.

scholarly journals Foreign investment activities of Chinese companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Antevski ◽  
Sanja Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Strategic Assets ◽  
Investment Capital

Chinese investments abroad have recorded high growth rates in the last decade, but its scope is still small in comparison to those of developed industrial countries. The state plays a key role in its encouragement and support directly and indirectly. Large state corporations are the biggest investors abroad, somewhere investments of Chinese private companies dominate, e.g. in Africa. There is a great geographic dispersion of investment flows, while the highest concentration is in developing countries. The main drivers of investment capital are trade, energy sources, natural resources, infrastructure projects and acquisition of strategic assets. These drivers are often are combined from two or more ones which are mutually supportive.

The Indian Competition Act: A Historical and Developmental Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Varghese Mazhuvanchery
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Indian Act ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The relationship between competition law and development continues to be a subject that excites many. The appropriate design of a competition law with developmental dimensions is a contentious issue. With the enactment of the Competition Act 2002, India joined the hundred odd developing countries that have adopted new competition laws over the last two decades. After a hiatus of seven years, substantive provisions of the Act have been notified recently. The Indian Act presents a perfect case study for the developmental dimensions of competition law. This paper explores the events that led to the enactment of the new law in India and analyses its provisions from a developmental perspective. The paper concludes that many of the provisions in the law may come in the way of the realization of developmental goals.

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