Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Jan Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
Big Ideas ◽  
Key Features ◽  
To Come ◽  
National Infrastructure

The Conclusion revisits some of the communities in which Zionists had worked during the war, showing how they were transformed in those years. The numerical growth of the Zionist movement and electoral victories in many places throughout the region speak to the transformation of the Jewish social and political landscape, and to the mass appeal of the Zionist movement and its ideas. Furthermore, Zionist nation-building meant the establishment of a vast national infrastructure, ranging from newspapers to schools, kindergartens, social centres, and so on, that came to be key features of Jewish society. These ‘outcomes’ show that it was concrete activism rather than ‘big ideas’ that made the Zionist movement attractive to the Jewish population, but also that this activism could assume very different forms, depending on local context. Looking at the diverse forms Zionist nation-building took in communities throughout the region highlights the necessity to rethink the ‘big story’ of Zionism in this period. Rather than a single process connected to wider events, it involved many different small, everyday struggles that activists and communities fought throughout the region. Not one but many Zionist ideas flourished in these years. This was the way in which Zionism experienced its great breakthrough, becoming a leading force in Jewish social and political life in the decades to come.

The Israeli Army in Politics: The Persistence of the Civilian Over the Military

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Israeli Army ◽  
Israel Defense Forces ◽  
Standing Army ◽  
The Military

The 1967 lightning victory of Zahal, the Israel Defense Forces, was the result of a philosophy that had considered military effort as an instrument of nation-building from the very beginning of the Zionist movement in Palestine. In 1948, the Israeli War of Liberation thrust the army into prominence, and from then on army leaders have been influential in the governmental and economic elites committed to rapid modernization. The Sinai victory in 1956 and the third military success in Sinai, Jordan, and Syria in 1967 further enhanced Zahal's reputation. Although Israel's standing army is no larger than 80,000 men, one-seventh of the country's total Jewish population of 2.5 million is on active military reserve. Given these conditions, it is natural to wonder what impact the army has had on the political life of Israel.

scholarly journals Jews in the Post-Soviet Religious Space of Dagestan: Features and Problems in the National Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Olga B. Khalidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Central State ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Russian

There is ethnic revival in modern Russian society that makes us to comprehend the dynamics of ethno-confessional processes, including historical ones. After the collapse of state socialism and in the conditions of the unfolding dramatic process of transformations of the religious landscape, ethnic identification began serving to preserve the sociocultural specificity of an ethnic group. Based on this, one of the primary questions for us is the analysis of the influence of religious revival on the Jewish population of Dagestan and the identification of the totality of the features and problems of the Jewish population in the ethnoconfessional space of the national region. The so-called “Jewish issue”, which took place during the time of Imperial Russia, remained relevant for a sufficiently large Soviet period, and became topical in the post-Soviet period. The practical relevance of this issue is primarily associated with an increase in interethnic tension and xenophobia in modern Russian society. There is a problem of Jewish identification in the 1985–2000s in this article associated with the growth of migration processes among them. This process intensified after the adoption of the religious legislation of the 1990s. This study was conducted with using archival documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. Author concludes that, despite the upheavals in the political life of our country and the growth of migration activity among the Jews of the republic, there was a religious identification with Judaism as part of the culture. In the compartment of features and problems associated with the Jewish population in the post-Soviet space, the author also points out the role of clergy, their interaction with authorities in solving pressing social problems.

Leszek Ziątkowski

2001 ◽  
pp. 393-395
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores The Jewish Population of Breslau, 1812–1914. This book is a fragment of a doctoral dissertation by Leszek Ziątkowski. Only the part discussing two key issues in the life of the Breslau Jewish community: its demographic development and its socio-topography was published. Despite the book's many strengths, the chapter mostly addresses its many weaknesses. It remarks that the book's title promises much more than we get. In vain one looks for information on important events in the history of Breslau Jews: on the emancipation edict and the impact of the Prussian ‘Jewish’ legislation on the everyday work of the Breslau kehilah; on religious life (including the famous Tiktin–Geiger controversy); on social, economic, and political life; on the role played by the Jewish Theological Seminar, and other key issues. This thus leaves the reader with a sense of dissatisfaction — more so for the fact that there is currently no monograph describing this period in the history of Breslau's Jews.

1. Introduction to Africa and its politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political History ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
The Impact

Africa is a continent of over a billion people, yet questions of underdevelopment, malgovernance, and a form of political life based upon patronage are characteristic of many African states. ‘Introduction to Africa and its politics’ explains that the core questions underpinning this VSI centre on how politics is typically practised on the continent; the nature of the state in Africa; and what accounts for Africa’s underdevelopment. This VSI aims to appraise sub-Saharan Africa’s recent political history, examining post-colonial political structures, the impact of colonialism, and the form and nature of post-colonial states. The type of politics practised in many African states continues to be hostile to genuine nation building and broad-based, sustainable development.

‘The Most Valuable National Fund’

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-150
Author(s):  
Jan Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Age Relations ◽  
Building Project

At the heart of Zionists’ nation-building project was the care and education of Jewish children in East-Central Europe. Young people were particularly affected by the war, often having lost family and home. Zionists saw them as the future of the nation, and the struggle for their well-being and education came to be a key element of their efforts during the war. This chapter shows how Zionists built orphanages and kindergartens, schools, and summer camps, and how these institutions functioned on a day-to day basis. These efforts in particular demonstrate that the war was also a time of great opportunity and experimentation for education activists. They tried to apply new pedagogical theories within their institutions based on their ideas of Jewish childhood and its role in producing upright, nationally conscious Jews who were the future of the nation. Gender relations are particularly key in this context: young women played an ever-increasing role in the movement through their involvement with childcare and education. The war opened up a range of new possibilities for young people, and particularly for young women to attain hitherto unheard-of roles within the Zionist movement. These changing gender and age relations within the Zionist movement mirrored changed relations within the wider society, due to the pressure of the war, and shaped the movement for decades to come.

The High Point (II): Jewish Society (1650–1713)

1997 ◽  
pp. 119-150
Author(s):  
Jonathan Israel
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Czech Lands

This chapter addresses how the climax of the European debate over Jewish readmission came during the third quarter of the seventeenth century. For a quarter of a century, conferences, commissions, and petitions published and unpublished over whether or not to tolerate Jews, and if so on what terms, abounded from Poland to Portugal and from Hungary to Ireland. Why did the political and intellectual process of readmission culminate at this particular time? Several factors converged to intensify previous trends but what was the most crucial was the widespread backlash in Germany, following the evacuation of the Swedish, French, and other foreign garrisons at the end of the Thirty Years War. The substantial gains made by the Jews of central Europe during the conflict, of Austria and the Czech lands as well as Germany, had aroused intense opposition and controversy, so that the coming of peace was almost bound to be accompanied by a formidable reaction. The chapter then considers the Jewish population and Jewish economy during this period.

Nation-Building

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris Mylonas
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
International System ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
National Community ◽  
Organizational Principle ◽  
To Come

Nation-building may be defined as the process through which the boundaries of the modern state and those of the national community become congruent. The desired outcome is to achieve national integration (Reference Works: Concepts and Definitions). The major divide in the literature centers on the causal path that leads to national integration. Thus, nation-building has been theorized as a structural process intertwined with industrialization, urbanization, social mobilization, etc. (Structural Explanations); as the result of deliberate state policies that aim at the homogenization of a state along the lines of a specific constitutive story—that can and often does change over time and under certain conditions (State-Planned Policies); as the product of top-bottom processes that could originate from forces outside of the boundaries of the relevant state; and as the product of bottom-up processes that do not require any state intervention to come about (Contingency, Events, and Demonstration Effects). Since the emergence of nationalism as the dominant ideology to legitimate authority and the template of the nation-state as an organizational principle of the international system, state elites have pursued different policies toward the various unassimilated groups within their territorial boundaries (Seminal Case Studies) with variable consequences (Nation-Building and Its Consequences). Thus, scholars have suggested that the nation-building experience of each state—or lack thereof—has had an impact on patterns of State Formation and Social Order, Self-Determination Movements, War Onset, and Public Goods Provision.

The Oslo Principles and the Enterprises Principles: Legal Strategies to Come to Grips with Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Spier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
Legal Strategies

AbstractIt is almost commonly accepted that we must keep the increase of global temperature below 2 degrees C and preferably below 1.5 degree C. This begs the question: do states and enterprises have concrete reduction and other obligations to stem the tide? The Oslo Principles, adopted on March 2015, tried to discern the legal obligations of states and to a lesser extent enterprises. The Enterprises Principles will map the legal obligations of enterprises, financiers and long term investors such as pension funds. Both set of principles are based on an interpretation of the law as it stands or will likely develop. This article and Philip Sutherland’s contribution to this volume focus on the core obligations of both the Oslo and the Enterprises Principles. Since the adoption of the Oslo Principles a lot has happened. This contribution also discusses a few key features of the Oslo Principles in light of these developments.

Goods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

Objects are all around us—and images of objects, advertisements for objects. Things are no longer merely purely physical or economic entities: within the visual economy of advertising, they are inescapably moral. Any object, regardless of its nature, can for at least a moment aspire to be “good,” can become not only an object of value but also a complex of possible happiness, a moral source of perfection for any one of us. This book argues that our relation to things is what makes us human. It shows how objects become the medium through which a city enunciates its ethos, making an ethical life available to those who live among them. Humans have revealed themselves as organisms that are ethically inseparable from the very things they produce, exchange, and desire. The alienation commodities cause and express is moral rather than economic or social; we need our own products not just to survive biologically or to improve the physical conditions of our existence, but to live morally. Ultimately, this book offers a rethinking of the power of images. Through images, we already live another form of political life, which has very little to do with the one invented and formalized by the legal tradition. All we need to do is to recognize it. Advertising and fashion are just the primitive, sometimes grotesque, but ultimately irrepressible prefiguration of the new politics to come.

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