The National Endowment for the Arts, the U.S. Bicentennial, and the Expansion Arts and Jazz/Folk/Ethnic Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-182
Author(s):  
Michael Sy Uy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Black Arts ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

This chapter investigates the National Endowment for the Arts’s (NEA’s) jazz program, Expansion Arts division, Bicentennial fellowships for “jazz/folk/ethnic” artists, and Folk Arts division. While the NEA mirrored a policy of matching requirements in its Treasury grants—which supported predominantly symphony orchestras—it also provided several millions of dollars to otherwise underrepresented and undersupported artists and communities. Not only were the NEA’s officers keenly committed to helping jazz and folk music, but also they brought in experts from urban, suburban, and rural communities to work as program directors. Vantile Whitfield and A. B. Spellman—key figures in the black arts movement of the 1970s—became directors. These experts recruited panelists of a broader geographical, racial, and gender representation, and similarly funded more diverse musicians and artists. Compared to the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, which rarely provided funding to jazz or the music of minority communities, the government agency was a lifeline to otherwise unseen and unheard cultural practices.

scholarly journals Arbitrary Detention: A Challenge Faced by Muslim Minority in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Aijaz A. Turrey
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Penal Code

Muslims form the largest religious minority in India. Census of India 2011 registered about 14.4 per cent of India’s total population as Muslims. Being minority Muslims are one of the weaker sections of society and the most oppressed ones. Majority of the Muslims especially youth are going through distress and trauma of terrorism tags. Muslims are the prime targets of anti-national activities and often jailed and killed in fake encounters. They are the most suffered section of the society and a little is being done for their upliftment. An attempt has been made to analyze the condition of the Muslim minority in India in the present democratic scenario. The study mainly focused on the consequences of false charges and fake encounters on the socio-economic conditions of Muslims and their families in India. The study is actually an investigation in some thrust areas in which Muslim section of the society is being demoralized deeply in India. The government of India established The Ministry of Minority Affairs on 29th January 2006 to look after the issues of minority communities and suggest development frameworks for their benefit. The 2017 World Report of the Human Rights Watch1 also finds India as the violator of human rights with respect to freedom and treatment of minorities.1An Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC).

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-204
Author(s):  
Michael Sy Uy
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Arts Funding ◽  
Charitable Contributions ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Outcomes Based Funding

The epilogue discusses recent developments in arts funding and philanthropy. The divergent paths of Rockefeller and Ford—where the former discontinued its arts program and the latter rebranded its cultural work in terms of addressing “inequality”—is a revealing outcome of the increasing social and economic legitimation of arts funding. The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) experienced its first budget cut under President Reagan and then, amidst the culture wars, Congress slashed its budget further. Private contributions have increasingly taken up the slack, but not without their own challenges. New philanthropists are exploring limited liability corporations, donor-advised funds, and metrics and outcomes-based funding. With increasing economic and political inequality and decreasing civic engagement, the government funds foregone because of tax-deductible charitable contributions might be re-evaluated, as well as the ways the federal government may be better suited to provide resources more equitably. An ethics of expertise is now more critical.

Coda Maintenance, Reconstruction, and Demolition

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fenderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
Black Arts Movement ◽  
Modern Language Association ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Black Arts ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts

The coda gives a snapshot of three critical institutional arrangements that offer a framework for understanding the end of the Black Arts movement. Each of these three institutions--Howard University’s Institute for the Arts and Humanities; the seminar on the Reconstruction of African-American Literature, co-sponsored by the Modern Language Association and National Endowment for the Humanities; and the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program (and larger surveillance state)--were tied to Fuller’s life and the closing window of opportunity he faced at the end of the movement. More importantly, the coda contends that the presence (or absence) of these institutions in our collective memory help to shape our broader understanding of the Black Arts movement. It not only offers a three-pronged conclusion to the narrative arch of the book, but it also argues that cultural politics played a tremendous role in shaping African American intellectuals’ access to institutional resources.

scholarly journals Proliferating Panic: Regulating Representations of Sex and Gender during the Culture Wars

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristyn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Performance Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Karen Finley ◽  
The Arts ◽  
American Citizen ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

During the culture wars in the United States surveillance of representations of the American citizen reached a particular frenzy. This article explores the moral panic that has accompanied attempts by the New Right to shape and define the American citizen as heterosexual, monogamous, white, and a believer in middle-class family values. Davies focuses on the work of performance artists Karen Finley and Holly Hughes whose work challenges hegemonic discourses of gender and sexuality. They were two of those artists branded by the media as the ‘NEA Four’, practitioners whose work was considered indecent and consequently de-funded by the National Endowment for the Arts. The article imagines performance art as a queer time and space; that is, not only does performance art contest normative structures of traditional theatrical performance, so too does it challenge understandings of normative subjects, and the relation of the arts to structures of power.

scholarly journals Washington Hotline

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Gavin Baker
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Government Printing ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Library Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Congress’ Committee on House Administration this year began examining Title 44 of the U.S. Code, which is the authority for the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) and Government Publishing Office (GPO). This is an important opportunity for librarians to advocate for improvements to FDLP and public access to government information.FDLP was designed to ensure widespread and long-term public access to information produced by the federal government. The program is managed by GPO, formerly known as the Government Printing Office, a federal government agency that publishes information on behalf of all three branches of government.

scholarly journals GENDER AND LAND DISPOSSESSION IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE OF THE NDEBELE AT ESIGODINI AREA 1893–2003

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Ndakaitei Makwanise ◽  
Mehluli Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

The Ndebele ethnic group in Zimbabwe has probably experienced more land dispossessions than any other ethnic group stretching from the 1890s with the coming of the whites. Most of this history,unfortunately, is not well documented. Based on an oral history approach, this article focuses on the gendered dimension of land dispossession. It seeks to answer questions such as: do men and women view land ownership and land issues in the same way? Did the land dispossessions, which took place for more than one hundred years in Zimbabwe particularly in the Ndebele ethnic group, affect the way land is viewed gender wise? The article further sought to find out how women have been historically marginalised or emancipated in the community. Given the importance of land in any culture, the article seeks to find out how a shift in the way land is viewed gender wise can improve the lives of many in the Ndebele ethnic group. The research was conducted in Esikhoveni Village in Esigodini, Matabeleland-South. It was based on oral history, targeting the headmen and other elders noted for their wisdom and knowledge of the area. A total of sixteen interviews were conducted using judgemental and snowball strategies. The article reveals that land was considered an important resource in the area. Women had limited opportunities for land ownership in the village. Culture and tradition were still dominant over legal provisions when it comes to land and gender issues. The article recommends a new and more rigorous approach by the government and other stakeholders to change the cultural and traditional perceptions of the rural communities in order to achieve gender balance regarding land ownership and allocation.

GENDER AND LAND DISPOSSESSION IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE OF THE NDEBELE AT ESIGODINI AREA, 1893–2003

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Ndakaitei Makwanise ◽  
Mehluli Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Government ◽  
History Approach ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

 The Ndebele tribe in Zimbabwe has probably experienced more land dispossessions than any other tribe, beginning the 1890s with the arrival of the whites. Most of this history, unfortunately, is not well documented. Based on an oral history approach, this article focuses on the gendered dimensions of land dispossession. It seeks to answer questions such as: Do men and women view land ownership and land issues in the same way? Did the land dispossessions that took place for more than one hundred years in Zimbabwe, particularly in the Ndebele tribe, affect the way land is viewed in terms of gender? The research further sought to find out how women have been historically marginalised or emancipated in the community. Given the importance of land in any culture, the research also seeks to find out how a shift in the way land is viewed, in terms of gender, can improve the lives of many in the Ndebele tribe. The research was conducted in Esikhoveni Village in Esigodini, Matabeleland South. It was based on oral history, targeting the headmen and other elders noted for their wisdom and knowledge of the area. A total of sixteen (16) informants were interviewed using judgemental and snowball strategies. The study revealed that land was considered an important resource in the area. Women had limited opportunities for land ownership in the village. Culture and tradition were still dominant over legal provisions when it came to land and gender issues. The study recommends a new and more rigorous approach by the government and other stakeholders to change the cultural and traditional perceptions of the rural communities in order to achieve a gender balance regarding land ownership and allocation.

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

American and Canadian Civil Actions Alleging Human Rights Violations Abroad by Oil and Gas Companies

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horlick ◽  
Joe Cyr ◽  
Scott Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Political Question ◽  
The U.S

Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.

Pengembangan Pengelolaan Dana Desa Terhadap Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Desa Di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Hasjad Hasjad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Development of village fund management is very much needed by the community so that it can be enjoyed by all levels of society in the villages. The seriousness of the government in developing villages is evidenced by the start of allocation of the Village Fund budget for 2015. The allocation of the Village Fund is mandated by Law (Law) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Government Regulation (PP) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Village Funds Sourced from STATE BUDGET. The regulation explained that the administration of the village government adheres to the principle of decentralization and the task of assistance. The principle of decentralization raises village internal funding (Desa APBD), while the principle of co-administration provides an opportunity for Villages to obtain funding sources from the government above it (APBN, Provincial APBD, Regency / City APBD). This study aims to observe what the development of village funds looks like, how they are implemented and the impact of the use of village funds in supporting development activities and community empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative research method that relies on observing places, actors and activities in Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was chosen as a case study. Initial observations show that the Village Fund does not have significant results in improving the welfare of the community. These indications are evident in the welfare of the community which has not improved with the existence of the village fund. Therefore it is necessary to develop a good management of village funds to improve the welfare of rural communities, especially in Konawe Selatan District. The output to be achieved is the scientific publication with ISSN Online and the level of technological Readiness that will be achieved 1-3.

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