Flatsight

Metagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 61-94
Author(s):  
Danielle Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Phenomenal Experience ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Debates

This chapter begins Part II: Sight, wherein the author recounts her own metagnostic narrative concerning vision. Describing the experience of having strabismus and “lacking” stereoscopic vision, the author’s story is put into conversation with others, deploying narrative scrutiny and exploring themes of communicability and alterity. From nineteenth-century Flatland to “Stereo Sue” to Oliver Sacks, these stories raise questions about the degree to which it is possible to imagine other ways of seeing; philosophical debates about the nature of qualia, or phenomenal experience; and the potential consequences of telling a given story. This chapter also offers an introduction to key concepts in the analysis of illness narratives, and it begins to unpack the particular challenges accompanying metagnostic revelations.

Beyond Dualism

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Clémence Boulouque
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
East And West ◽  
Science And Faith

Chapter 11 is devoted to Benamozegh’s presentation of Kabbalah as a vehicle for understanding and achieving religious unity and progress. His use of kabbalistic hermeneutics, predicated on the key concepts of coincidence of opposites, of berur (clarification) and of illuy (elevation), aimed (a) to suspend commonly held binaries such as science and faith, East and West, worldliness and transcendence, and (b) to prove Kabbalah’s affinity with nineteenth-century conceptions of assimilation and of progress.

Die Normativität des Krankheitsbegriffs: Zur Genese und Geltung von Kriterien der Krankhaftigkeit

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hucklenbroich
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Concept Of Disease ◽  
Medical Indication ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Objective Value ◽  
Sociocultural Values ◽  
Philosophical Debates

ZusammenfassungThe question whether the concept of disease is descriptive or normative, is controversial in philosophical debates. A philosophical investigation of medical pathology concerning this question has hitherto been lacking. This paper is based on the reconstruction of general medical pathology as outlined in earlier work of this author. Key concepts of medical pathology are: disease entity, pathologicity, disease criterion, disease value, medical indication. The criteria of pathologicity and the general pathology are briefly sketched. It is shown that these conceptions constitute a dimension of objective value that is rooted in the psychosomatic human nature but is compatible with additional, superposed subjective or sociocultural values concerning disease. The concept and procedure of medical indication constitute the bridge between objective disease values and subjective values or norms. In deciding whether treatment is needed and demanded, the values of the ill subject are decisive. Thus, the controversy between naturalists and normativist may be transformed into a coalition.

scholarly journals The Sickle and the Piano. A Distant Reading of Work in the Nineteenth Century Romanian Novel

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Ștefan Baghiu ◽  
Cosmin Borza
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Semantic Search ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Digital Museum ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article conducts a semantic search of The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: The 19th Century (MDRR), through which the authors attempt to identify the occurrences of several key concepts for class and labour imagery in the nineteenth-century Romanian novel, such as “muncă” [labour/work], “muncitor” [labourer/worker], “țăran” [peasant], “funcționar” [civil servant], alongside two main words that strikingly point out to a dissemblance of representation of work: “seceră” [sickle] and “pian” [piano]. The authors show that physical work is underrepresented in the Romanian novel between 1844 and 1900, and that novelists prefer to participate to the rise of the novel through representing the bourgeois intimate space.

Resistance, Rebellion, and the Subaltern

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-436
Author(s):  
Kim A. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
British India ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

Often falling short of its putative aims, subaltern resistance has throughout history played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of states and empires. This chapter examines some of the more recent developments, as well as criticisms, of the broader study of subaltern resistance and rebellion within a global context. The empirical case studies are drawn primarily from the European imperial expansion during the long nineteenth century, and from British India in particular, and the discussion focusses on three central themes: violence, rumors, and religion. Considering the centrality of historiographical debates on the key concepts of “resistance” and “subalternity,” the discussion is framed by a critical reading of the work of Ranajit Guha and his classic 1983 book, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency.

scholarly journals "Med blod man våra åkrar sköljer": folk och dygd i Bengt Lidners Ode til Finske Soldaten

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anna Cullhed
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Bengt Lidner's poem ‘Ode to the Finnish Soldier' from 1788 was written during the Swedish war with Russia. This paper argues that Lidner took part in Gustav III's staging of the war by accusing the officers of the so-called Anjala league of treachery, and at the same time turning to ‘the people' for support. ‘The people' were defined as subjects of the Swedish crown from the core parts of the realm, today's Finland and Sweden, irrespective of language or ethnicity, but sharing a common and glorious history. Lidner combines a cosmopolitan perspective with a patriotic tendency in his poem. Some of the central concepts of the ode, such as ‘citizen' and ‘citizen-ness', carry potentially republican and egalitarian connotations, but this tendency is counteracted by the poet's obvious praise of the king. Lidner's ode stands as an example of the ambivalent use of political concepts during the late eighteenth century, the very concepts that would transform into the key concepts of nineteenth-century nationalism.

3. Classical legal positivism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Wacks
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
John Austin

This chapter examines the theories of the foremost legal positivists of the nineteenth century: Jeremy Bentham and John Austin. Bentham is best known as a utilitarian and law reformer, but who insisted on the separation between the ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of law, or what he preferred to call ‘expositorial’ and ‘censorial’ jurisprudence, respectively. Austin was equally emphatic in maintaining this distinction, but his analysis is generally regarded as much narrower in scope and objective than Bentham’s. A number of key concepts analysed by both of these theorists are examined and compared, including their definitions of law, commands, sovereignty, and sanctions.

Halfsight

Metagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 95-126
Author(s):  
Danielle Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Visual Field Defect ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Defect

Here the author continues her ophthalmic narrative, describing the surprising revelation of a long-standing, yet undetected, condition—a visual field “defect.” Discussing the narrative frames of diagnosis, questions of medical error and uncertainty are addressed. The particular challenges of accounting for a retrospective revelation are explored in detail, invoking themes of narratology, communicability, intelligibility, metaphor, and semiotics. In addition, the ways in which metagnosis invokes various stances toward the relationship between narrative and identity are investigated. This chapter offers an introduction to key concepts in illness narratives, narratology, semiotics, and narrative identity theory, discussed in relation to the author’s experience.

Anomie and social theory in ancient Greece

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Orrù
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Sociological Work

It is only recently that social scientists have rediscovered the importance of setting their research in historical perspective. Twenty years ago, Alvin Gouldner remarked that ‘Many modern social scientists scarcely manage to conceive of their work as having nineteenth century roots, and most of us live in an intellectual world whose historical boundaries usually stop at the Enlightenment’ (I). Today such an attitude has ceased to be the rule. Historical grounding is needed, not only for social theory in general, but also for key concepts that appear with increasing frequency in contemporary sociological work. Anomie is one of them.

The Program of Proletarian Rassenhygiene

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
Developmental Biologist ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The ArgumentIn contrast to “socialist eugenics” as a set of ideas on how to deal with the biological problems of mankind, “proletarian race hygiene” placed its emphasis on the environmental components of human life. This mode of eugenics always assumed a change in living conditions, or social milieu, to be the key to human betterment. Its objective was a gradualist, thoroughgoing improvement of human working and living conditions in order to bring about a life of harmony, solidarity and equality. These ideas can be traced back to phrenomesmerism at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and developed through a stage closely entwined with the Marxist thought of Daniels, Engels, Bebel, etc. (which has scarcely been acknowledged by more modern Marxist literature). This tradition was picked up in the early twentieth century by the Austrian sociologist Goldscheid as well as by the developmental biologist Kammerer. These men extended these ideas and incorporated them into the framework of “proletarian race hygiene,” involving as key concepts what they called “human economy” and “organic technology.”

CONTESTING TRANSLATIONS: ORIENTALISM AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE VEDAS

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. DODSON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Colonial Encounter

This essay examines the contested grounds of authorization for one important orientalist project in India during the nineteenth century – the translation of the ancient Sanskrit Ṛg Veda, with a view to highlighting the ultimately ambiguous nature of the orientalist enterprise. It is argued that Europeans initially sought to validate their translations by adhering to Indian scholarly practices and, in later decades, to a more “scientific” orientalist–philological practice. Indian Sanskrit scholars, however, rather than accepting such translations of the Veda, and the cultural characterizations they contained, instead engaged critically with them, reproducing a distinctive vision of Indian civilization through their own translations into English. Moreover, by examining the diverse ways in which key concepts, such as the “fidelity” of a translation, were negotiated by Europeans and Indians, this essay also suggests that intellectual histories of the colonial encounter in South Asia should move beyond debates about colonial knowledge to more explicitly examine the contexts of knowledgeable practices.

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