Promoting and Controlling the China Dream

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Alexander Dukalskis
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Television Network ◽  
International Discourse ◽  
Global Television ◽  
China Dream ◽  
Do So

This chapter captures the myriad ways in which the Chinese government is packaging its image for international audiences (promotional/diffuse), cultivating messengers capable of conveying that image (promotional/specific), trying to respond to or downplay criticisms about its policies in international discourse (obstructive/diffuse), and intimidating and threatening activists outside its own borders (obstructive/specific). To do so, it draws on a variety of data, including speeches and documents from the leadership, close attention to China Global Television Network (CGTN) content about Xinjiang, interviews conducted by the author with targets of China’s promotional/specific efforts, and data from the AAAD about the country’s repression of exiled critics.

The ‘Always Speaking’ Approach to Statutes (and the Significance of Its Misapplication in Aubrey v The Queen)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Do So ◽  
Legal Meaning

This article clarifies the nature and scope of the ‘always speaking’ approach to statutes in Anglo-Antipodean law. To do so is important. For whilst it is now considered interpretive orthodoxy to treat statutes as ‘always speaking’, what that entails in terms of doctrine and application is not always clear. It is, however, recognised that whether or not a statute attracts the operation of the ‘always speaking’ approach can sometimes be a difficult question to answer. In order to do so judges have at their disposal the interpretive tools (and method) provided by the ‘modern approach’ to statutory interpretation. Indeed, in these cases maybe close attention to the contextualism which lies at the heart of the ‘modern approach’ is a more satisfactory way of determining the legal meaning of a statute than to presume that it is ‘always speaking’.

Women Trafficking Problem in Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-40
Author(s):  
Rupamjyoti Nath ◽  
Manjit Das
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Common People ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Government ◽  
Women Trafficking ◽  
Do So

The increasing numbers of newspaper reports on disappearing women from the north eastern state of Assam and especially from the economically backward areas of the state in recent years deserve close attention from both researchers' points of view as well as policy-level intervention of the larger community along with the government. This study makes an attempt to operate upon the menace area through the scalpel of game theory under the light of both primary and secondary data collected from the study area. It is an attempt to outline conscious human behaviour that leads to crimes such as women trafficking and identify the parameters controlling or affecting which types of crimes can be controlled. In order to do so, different distinct entities associated with the problem have been considered as different players leading to the concluding indication of prevailing flaws in the legal system of the country along with lack of employment opportunities and mass ignorance about the problem in hand among common people as the major reasons.

Dimensions of Cultural Variation

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

To understand cultural differences, we need to find ways to characterize the variations in the social contexts in which people are located. To do so, we must focus on differences between contexts rather than differences between individuals. Most research of this type has examined differences between nations in terms of dimensions. Treating each nation as a unit, contrasts have been identified in terms of values, beliefs, self-descriptions, and social norms. The most influential difference identified concerned the dimension of individualism–collectivism, which has provided the theoretical framework for numerous studies. The validity of this type of investigation rests on close attention to aspects of measurement to ensure that respondents are able to make the necessary judgments and to respond in ways that are not affected by measurement bias. Where many nations are sampled, multilevel modeling can be used to show the ways in which dimensions of culture affect social behaviors.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Infected Case ◽  
Large Groups

ABSTRACT On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand.

scholarly journals La representaci�_n de la literatura indigenista e ind�_gena en dos obras Colombianas: Jos̩ Tomb̩ de Diego Castrill�_n Arboleda y En Defensa de mi Raza de Manuel Quint�_n Lame

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elkin Javier Perez Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Indigenous Literature ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Do So

This dissertation is a study of the Indian's problem that is depicted in the Andean narrative of Indigenist, Indianist and Indigenous literature and how the literary movement of Indiginism created a wave of reivindicative narrative through Latin-America, especially in countries like: Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Through a theory approach, my study analyzes the most important indigenist narrative in Latin-America and how this theory could be applied to two Colombian writers that can be considered as indigenist and indigenous. To do so, I examine the work of a variety of indigenists and indigenous writes and theorists -- Diego Castrill�_n Arboleda Jose Tomb̩ (1942) y El Indio Quintin Lame (1973), Manuel Quintin Lame En Defensa de mi Raza (1987). Furthermore, this dissertation has taken into account the important contribution made by theorists in the field of indigenists studies such as: Antonio Cornejo Polar, Jos̩ Carlos Mari��tegui, Tom��s Escajadillo, among others. My research pays close attention to two important writings that will aid in understanding Indiginism as a literary movement in Colombia, Jose Tombe and En Defensa de mi Raza. By the beginning of the 20th century indigenist writers, through their novels, were advocating for the Indigenous communities throughout the Andean region. In Colombia, this advocation was not taking place in a similar way to the rest on the Andean countries with a strong indigenous influence. I have concluded these two writings are strongly connected to this literary movement. That conclusion is largely based upon an analysis of the characteristics in these works which led me to categorize Jose Tomb̩ as an indigenist novel and En Defensa de mi Raza as an indigenous written work. All the narratives that are part of this research project will provide valuable information about Indiginism as a literary movement in Colombia. Most importantly, it will add these two works to the existence of what is considered the indigenist and indigenous canon.

Scripts, Authority, and Legitimacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 404-420
Author(s):  
Julia C. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
China Dream ◽  
Do So

Although it is widely recognized that performance permeates politics, there is surprisingly little agreement on how politics in performance plays out across different political and cultural environments. Focusing on the script as both written text and mutually constituted social role that attempts to reinforce legitimacy, this chapter develops two typologies. The first considers the script itself as either optimistic or pessimistic and that appeals to either reason or the emotions; the second how the script is imbricated with its prospective target audience(s) and the degree to which it attempts to divide or unite and either is closed or permits room for improvisation. It develops these typologies by comparing and contrasting the political performances of Xi Jinping and his optimistic and unifying “China Dream” in the increasingly authoritarian People’s Republic of China with the divisive, antitechnocratic jeremiad performances of Donald Trump and Boris Johnson in the United States and the United Kingdom. It concludes that in other political contexts the substance of political performance scripts, the ways in which scripts engage audiences, and how they are modified over time are likely to vary, but to do so in patterned ways.

The Reception of Shahrazūrī’s World of Image up until the Present Day

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. C. van Lit
Keyword(s):  
False Positives ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
Do So ◽  
Commentary Tradition

The idea as Shahrazūrī interpreted it, denoted by the term ‘world of image’, received a reception much wider than the commentary tradition. Searching for this term, however, yields many false positives. Instead, it seems that all discussions that have to do with Suhrawardī and Shahrazūrī include a sentence which Shahrazūrī prominently used in his discussion. This chapter is divided by centuries, discussing the trajectory this discussion took. From the commentators, it went on to be discussed by a handful of philosophers and theologians. From there it enjoyed reception from Istanbul to Hyderabad, and notably entered into texts of Shiʿi traditional thinkers. Dozens of authors and their texts are discussed, with close attention given to how each author slightly alters the wording and thereby contributes to an evolution (as opposed to revolution) of the expression of the idea of a world of image. The chapter closes by discussing how Ibn ʿArabī and his commentators also use a notion called the world of image, but do so fully separately from Suhrawardī and his commentators.

scholarly journals Computing schizophrenia: ethical challenges for machine learning in psychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Starke ◽  
Eva De Clercq ◽  
Stefan Borgwardt ◽  
Bernice Simone Elger
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Standard Clinical Practice ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Do So

Abstract Recent advances in machine learning (ML) promise far-reaching improvements across medical care, not least within psychiatry. While to date no psychiatric application of ML constitutes standard clinical practice, it seems crucial to get ahead of these developments and address their ethical challenges early on. Following a short general introduction concerning ML in psychiatry, we do so by focusing on schizophrenia as a paradigmatic case. Based on recent research employing ML to further the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of schizophrenia, we discuss three hypothetical case studies of ML applications with view to their ethical dimensions. Throughout this discussion, we follow the principlist framework by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress to analyse potential problems in detail. In particular, we structure our analysis around their principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. We conclude with a call for cautious optimism concerning the implementation of ML in psychiatry if close attention is paid to the particular intricacies of psychiatric disorders and its success evaluated based on tangible clinical benefit for patients.

scholarly journals Legitimation in documentary: modes of representation and legitimating strategies in The Lockdown: One Month in Wuhan

2021 ◽  
pp. 147035722110158
Author(s):  
Hailing Yu ◽  
Ye Yan
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Television Network ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Observational Mode ◽  
Global Television

This article synthesizes modes of representation in documentary films with strategies of legitimation. It develops a framework of documentary legitimation, where each of the six modes recognized by Bill Nichols in Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary (1991) and Introduction to Documentary (2017) – expository, participatory, observational, performative, reflexive and poetic modes – tends to highlight certain legitimating strategies. For instance, the expository mode mainly legitimates through voice-of-God commentary, expert speeches and expository intertitles, the participatory mode legitimates through witness testimony and the observational mode legitimates through audience observation, and so on. The proposed framework is applied to a case study of a documentary entitled The Lockdown: One Month in Wuhan produced by China Global Television Network (CGTN). Analysis demonstrates how legitimation of the Wuhan lockdown during the early outbreak of COVID-19 is realized by adopting different representation modes and legitimating strategies. The article illustrates how an interdisciplinary approach may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of legitimation and its realization.

scholarly journals The dichotomy of China Global Television Network’s news coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 102-121
Author(s):  
Thomas Fearon ◽  
Usha M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
News Values ◽  
Television Network ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The World ◽  
Party Line ◽  
Government Propaganda ◽  
Global Television

Although much is made of the universalisation of ‘US-style’ journalism around the world and Chinese journalists’ shared professional values with counterparts in liberal-democratic countries (Zhang, 2009), the effect of these trends on journalism in China is yet to be fully explored. Using the 2015 Tianjin blasts as a case study, this article investigates China Global Television Network (CGTN) and CNN International’s coverage of the disaster. The empirical study finds that despite their overlapping news values, the two networks’ opposing ideological objectives contributed to different framings of the Tianjin blasts. Although CGTN, as a symbol of Chinese media’s presence on the world stage, has clearly travelled far from its past era of party-line journalism, it still hesitates to apportion responsibility to those in power. The authors argue that CGTN is increasingly torn by its dichotomous role as a credible media competing for audience attention on the world stage, and a vital government propaganda organ domestically.

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