The Perils and Promise of Tradition

This chapter contends that an adequate account of syncretism requires its pairing with the concept of tradition. Drawing from multiple contextualized encounters in the sixteenth century—from Ethiopian and Portuguese Christians to Jesuit José Acosta and Andean peoples to Matteo Ricci and Confucian scholars—it portrays tradition as a moving continuity that is constantly syncretizing as traditions are handed on in new contexts. Syncretism and tradition, held together, balance the tension between cultural construction on the one hand and cultural continuity on the other. Traditions are not substance-like materials that remain the same over time, nor are their boundaries static. Rather, receivers interpret a tradition afresh, generating new perspectives and pushing it in unforeseen directions. The account of tradition is dialogical, drawing from examples in the encounters just listed, from Alasdair MacIntyre’s account of tradition—which is unduly defensive at times—and from Africanist historians’ careful treatment of the concept.

The Nature and Place of Logic

10.1093/oso/9780190907136.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Huaping Lu-Adler

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

The Other ◽

Philosophy Of Logic ◽

William Of Ockham ◽

Scientific Status ◽

History Of ◽

The One ◽

Major Target ◽

Over Time ◽

Key Questions

This chapter sketches a history of philosophy of logic from Aristotle, along with Epicurus and the early Stoics, to the late sixteenth century. The analysis revolves around the (supposedly) scientific status of logic on the one hand and its utility on the other. Following clues found in Kant’s works, the chapter explains how key questions about the nature and place of logic evolved over time. It tracks down a range of historically significant positions, represented by Avicenna, Averroës, Thomas Aquinas, and William of Ockham among others. In so doing, the discussion pays special attention to the newly developed conceptual apparatus, such as logica naturalis versus logica artificialis, logica utens versus logica docens, and scientia realis versus scientia rationalis. These distinctions would eventually come to fruition in Christian Wolff’s theory of logic, arguably the most formative source as well as a major target of Kant’s.

Correspondances étymologiques, lexicales et sémantiques dans le processus de féminisation de noms de profession, métiers et activités dans les sociétés française et roumaine

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia ◽

10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 401-422

Author(s):

Estelle Variot

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Roman World ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One ◽

"Etymological, Lexical and Semantic Correspondences in the Process of Feminization of Professional Names, Trades and Activities in French and Romanian Societies. The feminization of thought represented by language and of its varieties in the Roman World has allowed to highlight some convergences that come from a common linguistic heritage, often from Greek and Latin and some hesitation about adapting society to its realities. The feminization of some words which comes from an ancient process illustrates on the one hand the potential of the language and on the other hand some constraints sometimes linked to the society itself, which creates transitional periods, between matching grammatical correction and the evolution of linguistic uses over time. The possibilities of lexical enrichment (internal creation or loan) show the means available in French and Romanian and some convergences in the area of derivation, of lexical units and their etymologies. The grammatical perspective and word constructing methods make it possible to give keys for the feminization of names of trades or professions. Likewise, recording entries in the lexicon, their evolution, their assimilation or sometimes their forgetfulness, for the benefit of new constructions highlight the existence of objective and subjective criteria which teach us a lot about society as a whole. Keywords: feminization of professions, internal and external enrichment, suffixal match, use of words, grammar, lexicon, French and Romanian."

Typological shift in lexicalizing motion events: The case of Wenzhou

Linguistic Typology ◽

10.1515/lingty-2020-5002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jingxia Lin

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Head Motion ◽

Motion Events ◽

Other Hand ◽

Chinese Dialect ◽

Chinese Dialects ◽

Motion Verb ◽

The One ◽

Over Time ◽

Modern Standard

AbstractTypological shift in lexicalizing motion events has hitherto been observed cross-linguistically. While over time, Chinese has shown a shift from a dominantly verb-framed language in Old Chinese to a strongly satellite-framed language in Modern Standard Mandarin, this study presents the Chinese dialect Wenzhou, which has taken a step further than Standard Mandarin and other Chinese dialects in becoming a thoroughly satellite-framed language. On the one hand, Wenzhou strongly disfavors the verb-framed pattern. Wenzhou not only has no prototypical path verbs, but also its path satellites are highly deverbalized. On the other hand, Wenzhou strongly prefers the satellite-framed pattern, to the extent that it very frequently adopts a neutral motion verb to head motion expressions so that path can be expressed via satellites and the satellite-framed pattern can be syntactically maintained. The findings of this study are of interest to intra-linguistic, diachronic and cross-linguistic studies of the variation in encoding motion events.

Representing the victorious past: Chinese revolutionary TV drama between propaganda and marketization

Media Culture & Society ◽

10.1177/01634437211022721 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016344372110227

Author(s):

Yingzi Wang ◽

Thoralf Klein

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Market Reforms ◽

Fictional Characters ◽

Production Environment ◽

Cultural Transformations ◽

The One ◽

Political Economic ◽

Revolutionary History ◽

This paper examines the changes and continuities in TV representations of Chinese Communist Party’s revolutionary history and interprets them within the broader context of China’s political, economic and cultural transformations since the 1990s. Drawing on a comparative analysis of three state-sponsored TV dramas produced between the late 1990s and mid-2010s, it traces how the state-sanctioned revolutionary narratives have changed over time in response to the Party’s propaganda imperatives on the one hand, and to the market-oriented production environment on the other. The paper argues that while recent TV productions in the new century have made increasing concessions to audience taste by adopting visually stimulating depictions and introducing fictional characters as points of identification for the audience, the revolutionary narratives were still aligned with the Party’s propaganda agenda at different times. This shows the ongoing competition between ideological and commercial interests in Chinese TV production during the era of market reforms.

The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century in Renaissance Italy

Studies in Church History ◽

10.1017/s0424208400010329 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 149-166 ◽

Author(s):

Philip M. J. McNair

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

The Other ◽

Protestant Reformation ◽

Modern World ◽

The Reformation ◽

Giordano Bruno ◽

The Subject ◽

Renaissance Italy ◽

The One

Between the execution of Gerolamo Savonarola at Florence in May 1498 and the execution of Giordano Bruno at Rome in February 1600, western Christendom was convulsed by the protestant reformation, and the subject of this paper is the effect that that revolution had on the Italy that nourished and martyred those two unique yet representative men: unique in the power and complexity of their personalities, representative because the one sums up the medieval world with all its strengths and weaknesses while the other heralds the questing and questioning modern world in which we live.

‘HOW HARD AN ENTERPRISE IT IS’: AUTHORIAL SELF-FASHIONING IN JOHN DOWLAND’S PRINTED BOOKS

Early Music History ◽

10.1017/s0261127907000216 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 43-90 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten Gibson

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Title Page ◽

The Other ◽

Artistic Creation ◽

Printed Books ◽

The One ◽

Intellectual Activities ◽

Modern Sense

The naming of John Dowland as ‘Author’ on the title page of his publication The First Booke of Songes or Ayres (1597) suggests a proprietary relationship between the composer and his work. This proprietary relationship is, perhaps, reinforced with the alignment of Dowland’s intellectual activities as ‘author’ with the notions of ‘composition’ and ‘invention’ in the same passage. All three terms could be used by the late sixteenth century to refer to notions of creativity, individual intellectual labour or origination. While many early examples of the use of ‘author’ refer specifically to God or Christ as creator, such as Chaucer’s declaration that ‘The auctour of matrimonye is Christ’, by the sixteenth century it was increasingly used to refer to an individual originator of intellectual or artistic creation closer to the modern sense of the word. Its sixteenth-century usage is, for instance, reflected in the title ‘A tretys, excerpte of diverse labores of auctores’, or as in a reference in 1509 to ‘The noble actor plinius’. Likewise, ‘invent’ or ‘inventor’ could be used to refer to the process of individual intellectual creation, exemplified by its use in 1576 ‘Your brain or your wit, and your pen, the one to invent and devise, the other to write’, while ‘compose’ could mean to make, to compose in words, ‘to write as author’ or, more specifically, to write music.

Theology at Thresholds: Learning from a Practice ‘In Transition’

Ecclesial Practices ◽

10.1163/22144471-00401005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45-62 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Muers ◽

Rhiannon Grant

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

The Other ◽

Small Scale ◽

Theological Ethics ◽

Reciprocal Influence ◽

Core Practices ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Collective Process ◽

The One ◽

Recent developments in contemporary theology and theological ethics have directed academic attention to the interrelationships of theological claims, on the one hand, and core community-forming practices, on the other. This article considers the value for theology of attending to practice at the boundaries, the margins, or, as we prefer to express it, the threshold of a community’s institutional or liturgical life. We argue that marginal or threshold practices can offer insights into processes of theological change – and into the mediation between, and reciprocal influence of, ‘church’ and ‘world’. Our discussion focuses on an example from contemporary British Quakerism. ‘Threshing meetings’ are occasions at which an issue can be ‘threshed out’ as part of a collective process of decision-making. Drawing on a 2015 small-scale study (using a survey and focus group) of British Quaker attitudes to and experiences of threshing meetings, set in the wider context of Quaker tradition, we interpret these meetings as a space for working through – in context and over time – tensions within Quaker theology, practice and self-understandings, particularly those that emerge within, and in relation to, core practices of Quaker decision-making.

A viagem entre o feitiço e a maldição

Em torno de viagens e outras deslocações ◽

10.21747/9789895478439/lib24a1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-30

Author(s):

Mário Matos

Keyword(s):

Cultural History ◽

The Other ◽

Great Power ◽

Political Systems ◽

Historical Factors ◽

The One ◽

This contribution focuses on the multifaceted conceptualization of travel in Western cultural history. Several discourses will be addressed that, over time, have oscillated between the sceptical and restrictive on the one hand, and the truly admiring perspectives of the journey on the other. A number of visions of the phenomenon of travel under the binomial spell/curse will be analysed. The different contexts and historical factors that determined the value of travel will be exposed, from its great power of attraction to its restriction by inward looking religious and political systems.

Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

International Review of Social History ◽

10.1017/s0020859016000511 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (S24) ◽

pp. 93-114 ◽

Author(s):

Rossana Barragán Romano

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Seventeenth Century ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

The Other ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Labour Relations ◽

Continuity And Change ◽

The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

Paternal Relationships With Sons and Daughters

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190674687.013.18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 331-354

Author(s):

Lambrianos Nikiforidis

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Same Sex ◽

Financial Decisions ◽

Traditional Family ◽

Biological Sex ◽

The Family ◽

The One ◽

Parental Bias ◽

This chapter examines paternal relationships with sons and daughters. Identity drives investment (and parental investment in particular), because people invest in that which aligns with their identity. And biological sex drives identity. These two ideas combined imply that a parent-offspring match in biological sex can influence parental favoritism in a systematic manner, an idea supported by recent empirical studies. This parental bias of concordant-sex favoritism can have broad implications, outside the context of the traditional family structure. In single parent or same-sex parent households, the consequences of this bias can be even stronger, because there would not be an opposite-direction bias from the other parent to even things out. This favoritism could have even broader ramifications, entirely outside the context of the family. On the one hand, whenever social norms dictate that men should control a family’s financial decisions, then sons may systematically receive more resources than daughters. This asymmetry in investment would then result in ever-increasing advantages that persist over time. On the other hand, if women are a family’s primary shoppers, this can manifest in subtle but chronic favoritism for daughters.