The Mauryan Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Himanshu Prabha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Model Rule ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
Different Parts

The unique feature of the Mauryan Empire is the religious writings or dhamma-lipi inscribed by King Aśoka on rocks and sandstone pillars across the Indian subcontinent. Many of the edicts are repeated in different parts of the country and present a unified vision for the region. These records have been a primary source for understanding the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire. It is significant that the edicts have not been replicated by subsequent rulers. Though the nature of Aśoka’s dhamma has been debated by historians, there is no denying the fact that it is in Buddhist writings that Aśoka figures prominently as a righteous ruler whose model rule was followed by later rulers to the present.

scholarly journals Some Eocene Cerithioids (Gastropoda, Mollusca) from Kutch, Western India, and Their Bearing on Palaeobiogeography of the Indian Subcontinent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Halder ◽  
Piyali Sinha
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Western India ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cenozoic Era ◽  
Different Parts

The cerithioids are a diverse group of gastropods found globally as fossil and living animals during the Cenozoic Era. Their systematics is riddled with problems stemming from large morphological variability, homoplasy, and wide geographical distribution. Six cerithioid species are described here from the lower Middle Eocene of Kutch, Gujarat, western India. All but two are new species. They are Palmerella kutchensis, Tenagodus? sowerbyi, Potamides archiaci, and Cerithium harudiensis. The rest are new records from Kutch and were known only from Pakistan. A palaeobiogeographical review based on major published records of benthic molluscs from Pakistan reveals strong endemism. The cerithioid faunas from different parts of Pakistan and this report from Kutch also show strong endemism and often quite localized development. It is argued here that unhindered faunal mixing was not possible in this province since these newly evolved basins were restricted in nature in their Lower Cenozoic history.

scholarly journals Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.: A Repository of Medicinal Potentiality

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Chakraborty ◽  
Santanu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

<p>Plants have been used in the treatment of human diseases since centuries. Due to their medicinal values, more than 80% of the modern world population still rely on plants as their primary source of medicines. Traditional plant-based medicines are widespread in Asian countries like the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, and in the continent of Africa. Nowadays, plant-derived medicines are gaining wider acceptance even in developed countries of the Western world. More than 50% of all drugs currently in clinical use are of natural origin. Plants are therefore emerging as a novel source for drugs and opening up new vistas in drug therapy research. A bird’s eye view of the therapeutic potential of the angiospermic plant <em>Glinus oppositifolius </em>(L.) Aug. DC. (Family: Molluginaceae) has been presented in this review, along with the ethnobotanical uses and scientific evidences presented in support of the traditional claims. Several pharmacologically active chemical compounds have been reported from the plant in recent years and the biological roles of those chemical compounds have been summarized. The anti-cancer effects shown by some of those phyto-constituents have also been elucidated. The novel chemical constituents reported from this plant may evoke further research on the plausible medicinal effects and the bio-safety standards of <em>Glinus oppositifolius</em>.<br /> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /> <br /> <br /> </span></strong></p>

scholarly journals Sufism in Jammu

IJOHMN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Dr R. Subramony
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Different Parts

Sufism entered the Indian subcontinent in the twelfth century as a new socio-religious force.  Within a short period, it mushroomed to different parts of India. Fro Punjab to Rajputana, from Jammu and Kashmir to Kerala, sufism influenced the life and thought of the people. Though on the eve of its advent, Muslim population in most parts of India was virtually negligible, yet the sufis hardly faced any local resistance to their activities. Sufism reviewed enthusiastic social response. It adjusted itself with the indigenous cultural modes in a smooth manner. As a result, it became a catalyst in shaping and consolidating the Indian regional identities from the thirteenth century onwards. In this context, sufi shrines of the different regions-Ajodhan, Sirhins, Delhi, Ajmer and Gulbarga – played a significant role. For example, Richard Maxwell Eaton has shown that the sufis of Bijapur contributed tremendously to the promotion of vernacular idiom and Dakhani language.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on Accumulation and Translocation of Cadmium in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiangying ◽  
Lang Teng ◽  
Tianling Fu ◽  
Tengbing He ◽  
Pan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Cd Transport ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Rice is one of China's most important food crops, and it is considered the primary source of human exposure to cadmium (Cd) pollution. A hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on the absorption, distribution, and translocation of Cd in rice. Under the concentration gradient of Ca, Mg, and Cd, the concentrations of Cd in rice tissues were determined. The results revealed that the existence of Ca and Mg in the environment could benefit rice growth and limit the accumulation and translocation of Cd in plants. Cd concentrations in rice plants were as orders: roots > stems > leaves ≈ panicles ≈ husks > grains. While Cd content in rice grains decreased significantly under high Ca and Mg concentrations, this pattern was not observed under low and medium concentrations. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions significantly influenced the translocation of Cd in the environment-rice system. Under the Ca (Mg)-deficient and Ca (Mg)-rich conditions, the husk and panicle played an essential role in hindering Cd transport to the rice grain, respectively. At the same concentration, the effect of Ca on the decrease of Cd bioconcentration was greater than that of Mg. An apparent antagonism was observed between Cd and Ca (Mg) in different parts of the rice plant. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that it was possible to plant and grow rice in Cd-polluted soil and that the accumulation and translocation of Cd in rice plants could be reduced by optimizing soil nutrient elements.

scholarly journals Secular Female Imagery in Orissan Temple Architecture: the Case of Alasa Kanyas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Sharman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Temple

The temple architecture from the Indian subcontinent follows a certain protocol, and the sculptural programme of the temples is in conjunction with the prescribed norms. The paper looks at the regional temple architecture of Orissa, specifically at the profusion of secular female imagery, in the form of alasa kanyas or ‘indolent maidens’ that adorn the Orissan temples. The imagery of these maidens has been discussed in the Orissan text on temple architecture, Shilpa Prakasha of Ramachandra Mahapatra Kaula Bhattaraka from c. 11th century CE, and is the primary source of contemporary information on the subject.

scholarly journals Fairs and Festival of Pangi Tribal Tehsil

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janam Singh Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

Himachal Pradesh, can hardly be called a tribal state though it is inhabitated by tribes like the Pangwala, Gaddi, Gujjar, Kinnaura, Lahaula, Lamba, Jad, Khampa, Swangla, Beda, and Zoba. The tribes of Himachal Pradesh are scattered in different parts of the state and the tribal communities residing in different parts of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh like Pangwala, Gaddi and Gujjar are sociable and by their own culture and tradition, they have marked their position in the Indian subcontinent also. Dancing, musical melodies, festival, fair, etc. bore evidence to it. They are by nature nomadic people and their customs and social structure make them identifiable from each other. As far as the occupations are concerned, the tribes of Chamba have taken up the occupations including rearing of cattle and also raising of wool. Dresses that these tribes of Chamba wear also are quite exquisite to look at. With this perspective an attempt is made in this paper analyze the fairs and festival, customs and culture of tribal people of Pangi tehsil of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.

scholarly journals Chandipura Viral Encephalitis: A Brief Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanan N. Sapkal ◽  
Pradeep M. Sawant ◽  
Devendra T. Mourya
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Macaca Sinica ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Sporadic Encephalitis ◽  
Different Parts

Introduction:In recent years, the Chandipura virus (CHPV) has emerged as an encephalitic pathogen and found associated with a number of outbreaks in different parts of India. Children under 15 years of age are most susceptible to natural infection. CHPV is emerging as a significant encephalitis, causing virus in the Indian subcontinent. Severe outbreaks caused by the virus have been reported from several parts of India.Expalanation:In the recent past, the noticeable association of CHPV with pediatric sporadic encephalitis cases as well as a number of outbreaks in Andhra Pradesh (2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008), Gujarat in (2005, 2009-12) and Vidarbha region of Maharashtra (2007, 2009-12) have been documented. Prevalence and seasonal activity of the virus in these regions are established by NIV through outbreak investigations, sero-survey and diagnosis of the referred clinical specimens. Recently CHPV has been isolated from pools of sand flies collected during outbreak investigations in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Since its discovery from India and above-mentioned activity of CHPV, it was suspected to be restricted only to India.Conclusion:However, CHPV has also been isolated from human cases during 1971-72 in Nigeria, and hedgehogs (Atelerix spiculus) during entomological surveillance in Senegal, Africa (1990-96) and recently referred samples from Bhutan and Nepal and from wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka during 1993 suggest its circulation in many tropical countries. Based on the limited study on vector related report, it appears that sandflies may be the principle vector.

scholarly journals COCCINIA INDICA (KUNDRU): A MAGICAL HERB WITH ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Thakur Shifali ◽  
Kaurav Hemlata ◽  
Chaudhary Gitika
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coccinia Indica ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Many traditional medicines are obtained mainly from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter. During the past many years, there has been increasing interest among the uses of various medicinal plants from the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Coccinia indica is one such important medicinal plant which belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is extensively used as a vegetable and grown widely throughout the Indian Subcontinent. It is commonly called 'Kundra' in India. Traditionally different parts of this plant namely the roots, leaves and fruits are utilized in folklore medicine for several purposes, especially for hypoglycemia and skin diseases. There are many patented formulations derived from Coccinia indica plant. This plant is a primary source from where we get different phytochemicals which are utilized as the main constituent in numerous formulations endorsed for several ailments. Coccinia indica plant possesses many therapeutic activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. The present review provides adequate information, photochemistry and various medicinal uses of Coccinia indica plant.

scholarly journals A Review of Blastomycosis in Indian Subcontinent

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Mongrel Dog ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy ◽  
Antigen Testing ◽  
Canine Blastomycosis ◽  
Different Parts

This study traces the earliest cases of blastomycosis reported from India. Four authentic cases of blastomycosis from India including one each from Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, and one each from Bangladesh and Nepal, and five misdiagnosed cases have been reported in India after 2013. The clinical and diagnostic features of all cases are reviewed. The authentic cases from India originate from widespread locations in the country. The incidence of blastomycosis in dogs is known to be eight to ten times higher than that in humans. There is only one case of canine blastomycosis from India manifesting as a fatal pulmonary infection in a Mongrel dog. It is suggested additional canine cases should be looked for in different parts of India to facilitate the detection of endemic foci of B. dermatitidis for human and animal infections in the country. Mycological investigation of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis negative for culture and AFBs mear, and not responding to anti-tubercular therapy may reveal some cases of blastomycosis. A recently developed real-time PCR for identification of B. dermatitidis in culture and tissue may facilitate correct diagnosis of blastomycosis in suspected cases. Antigen testing in urine or serum is also recommended for diagnosing clinical infection and monitoring antifungal therapy in blastomycosis.

scholarly journals Indian Paintings: An Analysis of Geographical and Chronological Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The People ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Indian Painting ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Different Parts

The development of various genres of painting can be traced back to the beginning of history on the basis of various archeological evidences. Even within the limitations of the materials and techniques in the distant past, the people spread their aesthetic sense and sensibility through wonderful creations. Artists have drawn portraits, combining capacity and expectation together and with the passage of time, it has been expressed inside caves, on temple walls, on floors, on doors, on earthenware, on cloth, etc. Although the paintings of the ancient period were based on various supernatural beliefs, rituals of worship, etc., later on, it has been transformed into special aesthetic forms. Initially, the totem was developed as a symbol of faith and adherence to various supernatural beings, but later it reflected the diverse geographical locations, environment-nature, and the tastes of the ruling society. In the course of time, the subject of this change has become clear in the art-form of India, as well. The diverse tastes of rulers from different parts of the world, who ruled the Indian subcontinent, have also contributed to the rise of the Indian art-form. This article on Indian painting attempts to provide a regional and chronological analysis of the material, morphological and characteristic changes in paintings from prehistoric times to the contemporary era.

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