The Argument in Summary

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Peter Drahos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Belt And Road

Chapter 1 summarizes the entire argument of the book. Only China can organize the exogenous shock that is needed to save world capitalism from the worst climate change scenarios. China could do this by using its cities as large-scale experimental sites to trial innovations to support the bio-digital energy paradigm. The chapter introduces the key concepts of survival governance, the geo-energy trilemma, and the bio-digital energy paradigm. The role that China’s Belt and Road Initiative might play in the globalization of the bio-digital energy paradigm is outlined. The chapter concludes by describing the interview data that was obtained in seventeen different countries and how this data informs the argument of the book.

scholarly journals Simulating future precipitation extremes in a complex Alpine catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dobler ◽  
G. Bürger ◽  
J. Stötter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Station Data

Abstract. The objectives of the present investigation are (i) to study the effects of climate change on precipitation extremes and (ii) to assess the uncertainty in the climate projections. The investigation is performed on the Lech catchment, located in the Northern Limestone Alps. In order to estimate the uncertainty in the climate projections, two statistical downscaling models as well as a number of global and regional climate models were considered. The downscaling models applied are the Expanded Downscaling (XDS) technique and the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG). The XDS model, which is driven by analyzed or simulated large-scale synoptic fields, has been calibrated using ECMWF-interim reanalysis data and local station data. LARS-WG is controlled through stochastic parameters representing local precipitation variability, which are calibrated from station data only. Changes in precipitation mean and variability as simulated by climate models were then used to perturb the parameters of LARS-WG in order to generate climate change scenarios. In our study we use climate simulations based on the A1B emission scenario. The results show that both downscaling models perform well in reproducing observed precipitation extremes. In general, the results demonstrate that the projections are highly variable. The choice of both the GCM and the downscaling method are found to be essential sources of uncertainty. For spring and autumn, a slight tendency toward an increase in the intensity of future precipitation extremes is obtained, as a number of simulations show statistically significant increases in the intensity of 90th and 99th percentiles of precipitation on wet days as well as the 5- and 20-yr return values.

Making Infrastructure ‘Visible’ in Environmental Law: The Belt and Road Initiative and Climate Change Friction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sanja Bogojević ◽  
Mimi Zou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Infrastructure is often viewed through global and promotional lenses, particularly its role in creating market connectivity. However, infrastructure is heavily dependent on and constitutive of local spaces, where ‘frictions’, or disputes, emerge. Drawing on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a case study, we examine in detail two cases of BRI-related climate change litigation – one in Pakistan, and one in Kenya – that shed light on the frictions arising from what is deemed the most significant transnational infrastructure project of our time. In doing so, this study demonstrates how infrastructure can be made more visible in environmental law and how environmental law itself provides an important mechanism for stabilizing friction in the places where infrastructure is located.

scholarly journals China’s Belt and Road Initiative and large-scale outbound investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Kunrong ◽  
Jin Gang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enterprise Investment ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively examine the influence of formal and informal institutional differences on enterprise investment margin, mode and result. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on 2,440 micro samples of large-scale outbound investment from 609 Chinese enterprises from the years 2005 to 2016. Findings The study has found that formal institutional differences have little impact on investment scale, but significantly affect investment diversification. In order to avoid the management risks brought by formal institutional differences, enterprises tend to a full ownership structure. However, the choice between greenfield investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions is not affected by formal institutional differences. In contrast, the impact of informal institutional differences is more extensive. Both formal and informal institutional differences significantly increase the probability of investment failure. Further research found that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) bridges the formal institutional differences. Originality/value The study concludes that developing the BRI, especially cultural exchanges with countries alongside the Belt and Road, will help enterprises to “go global” faster and better.

scholarly journals Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Wang ◽  
Xiaoliang Lu ◽  
Christian J. Sanders ◽  
Jianwu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractCoastal wetlands are large reservoirs of soil carbon (C). However, the annual C accumulation rates contributing to the C storage in these systems have yet to be spatially estimated on a large scale. We synthesized C accumulation rate (CAR) in tidal wetlands of the conterminous United States (US), upscaled the CAR to national scale, and predicted trends based on climate change scenarios. Here, we show that the mean CAR is 161.8 ± 6 g Cm−2 yr−1, and the conterminous US tidal wetlands sequestrate 4.2–5.0 Tg C yr−1. Relative sea level rise (RSLR) largely regulates the CAR. The tidal wetland CAR is projected to increase in this century and continue their C sequestration capacity in all climate change scenarios, suggesting a strong resilience to sea level rise. These results serve as a baseline assessment of C accumulation in tidal wetlands of US, and indicate a significant C sink throughout this century.

scholarly journals Analyzing Interactions between Japanese Ports and the Maritime Silk Road Based on Complex Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Hu ◽  
Chan-Juan Liu ◽  
Paul Tae-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Maritime Networks ◽  
Belt And Road

This article considers how the Japanese ports interact with the ports of China and along the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) while they are embedded in the global port network, especially in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. At a port level, it primarily uses connectivity analysis to analyze the port relations and significances in the maritime network. In contrast, at the network level, it applies the methods from network sciences to analyze the significances of these maritime networks and the interactions among the maritime networks of Japan, China, and MSR. This article extracts a large-scale maritime network from ports and vessels’ profiles and data of vessels’ Automatic Identification System (AIS). It then examines the relations among the networks (including Japan, China, MSR, and global ports) after defining the maritime networks, network generation schemes, and port network analysis tools. Based on the analysis results and findings, this study draws some implications for regional ports and shipping development and the global supply network.

Drought modelling under climate change scenarios and its probabilistic characterization: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 403-417
Author(s):  
Amit Dubey ◽  
Deepak Swami ◽  
Nitin Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Drought Forecasting ◽  
Copula Models

ncrease in the water scarcity and the related rise in demand of water coupled with the threating events of climate change, ultimately witnessed drought in the recent years to occur frequently. Therefore, Drought hydrology is drawing most of the attention. Drought which is a natural hazard can be best characterized by various hydrological and climatological parameters. In order to model drought, researchers have applied various concepts starting from simplistic model to the complex ones. The suitability of different modelling approaches and their negative and positive traits are very essential to comprehend. This paper is an attempt to review various methodologies utilized in modelling of drought such as forecasting of drought, drought modelling based on probability, Global Climate Models (GCM) under climate change scenarios. It is obtained from the present study that the past three decades have witnessed a very significant improvement in the drought modelling studies. For the larger time window of drought forecasting, hybrid models which incorporates large scale climate indices are promisingly suitable. Drought characterization based on copula models for multivariate drought characterization seems to have an edge over the others. At the end some conclusive remarks are made as far as the future drought modelling and research is concerned.

Between Scylla and Charybdis? Emerging New Malaysia and Its Enigmatic Relations with China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-235
Author(s):  
Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
National Front ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract This article traces the evolution of China-Malaysia relations under National Front Prime Minister Najib Razak and the Alliance of Hope Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. While the Belt and Road Initiative (bri) strengthened Beijing’s support of Najib’s kleptocratic regime in Malaysia, the 2018 general elections brought the anti-graft Alliance of Hope coalition led by Mahathir into power. Under Mahathir’s leadership, Malaysia cancelled several large-scale infrastructural projects like the East Coast Rail Link (ecrl), owing to their links with Najib’s 1mdb scandal and the unfavorable terms of the bri which put Malaysia severely in China’s debt. Although this curtailed Beijing’s use of Malaysia as a pawn in its goals in the region, it alienated some of the new Alliance of Hope’s supporters and saw the loss of much Chinese investment. However, Malaysia had already been caught in the bri’s web and Mahathir had to mend fences with Beijing by renegotiating better deals and redefining Malaysia’s relations with China. As Malaysia is geopolitically strategic to China’s extension of influence in Southeast Asia, Beijing willingly cut the ecrl cost by a third. It is in such context and with due consideration of the changing developments in the Alliance of Hope’s perception of Malaysia’s relations with China that this article will explore the enigmatic nature of China-Malaysia relations as the latter strives to protect its sovereignty against Chinese influence and Beijing continues to press its charm offensive through the bri.

scholarly journals Large-scale winds in the southern North Sea region: the wind part of the KNMI’14 climate change scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 035004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sterl ◽  
Alexander M R Bakker ◽  
Henk W van den Brink ◽  
Rein Haarsma ◽  
Andrew Stepek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Southern North Sea

Future changes of circulation types associated with extremes over Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Hansen ◽  
Danijel Belusic ◽  
Klaus Wyser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

<p>The large-scale atmospheric circulation is one of the most important factors influencing weather and climate conditions on different timescales. Its short- and long-term changes considerably determine both mean and extreme values of surface parameters like temperature or precipitation rates. Future changes of circulation patterns are of particular interest as these may significantly alter or amplify the expected thermodynamic changes due to changing concentrations of greenhouse gases, albedo and land use. We analyse both historical as well as future climate simulations of the SMHI large ensemble (S-LENS) performed with the EC-Earth3 global climate model to examine large-scale circulation situations and their association to extremes in precipitation and temperature over Sweden. Various methods exist to classify mostly sea level pressure or geopotential height fields into characteristic circulation types, and we compare several of these methods for their applicability to represent precipitation and temperature variability over our region of interest. S-LENS consists of a 50-member ensemble for a historical period (1970-2014) and four 50-member climate change scenario ensembles covering the 21st century differing in terms of assumptions made for future radiative forcing development. We study the efficiency of circulation types in the historical period to give rise to extremes, and examine further the frequency and within-type changes of those circulation types associated with extremes by the middle and the end of the 21st century under the different climate change scenarios. S-LENS with its comparatively large number of both multi-decadal scenarios and realizations for each scenario serves as a perfect testbed to study potential changes in events of low frequency within the environment of a single model.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document