Beyond Interdisciplinarity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Thompson Klein
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Zones ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South ◽  
Sector Work

Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary forms) as well as cross-sector work (spanning disciplines, fields, professions, government and industry, and communities in the North and South). Part I defines boundary work, discourses of interdisciplinarity, and the nature of interdisciplinary fields and interdisciplines. Part II examines dynamics of working across boundaries, including communicating, collaborating, and learning in research projects and programs, with a closing chapter on failing and succeeding along with gateways to literature and other resources. The conceptual framework is based on an ecology of spatializing practices in transaction spaces, including trading zones and communities of practice. Boundary objects, boundary agents, and boundary organizations play a vital role in brokering differences for platforming change in contexts ranging from small projects to new fields to international initiatives. Translation, interlanguage, and a communication boundary space are vital to achieving intersubjectivity and collective identity, fostering not only pragmatics of negotiation and integration but also reflexivity, transactivity, and co-production of knowledge with stakeholders beyond the academy. Rhetorics of holism and synthesis compete with instrumentalities of problem solving and innovation as well as transgressive critique. Yet typical warrants today include complexity, contextualization, collaboration, and socially robust knowledge. The book also emphasizes the roles of contextualization and historical change while accounting for the shifting relationship of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, the ascendancy of transdisciplinarity, and intersections with other constructs, including Mode 2 knowledge production, convergence, team science, and postdisciplinarity.

scholarly journals A Study of Hegemony and Class Conflict in Gaskel’s North And South

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ziead Al-Khafaf
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
Geographical Locations

The paper discusses the relation between the north and south as two different geographical locations in the novel. By focusing on them, the article focuses on the hegemonic role of the classes and the emerging conflict. The conflict seems to be fought on industrial grounds but it relates to an intellectual and political awareness that plays a vital role in the sustenance of the ideological changes that take birth. The grave relationship of both classes is not controlled by sheer force but by a well thought out plan that plays a vital role delaying the emergence of a revolution in the working class. The void between the classes is sustained by a powerful mechanism which is indirectly ruling the entire arena of factories their workers and unions. Ironically the unions that are supposed to secure the lives and rights of the working class fall prey to the power of the industrialist.

Buddhism in the history of China in Southern and Northern kingdoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Leonid Yangutov ◽  
Marina Orbodoeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Jin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
North And South

The article is devoted to the history of Buddhism in China during the period of the Southern and Northern Kingdoms (Nanbeichao, 386-589). The features of the development of Buddhism in the North and South are shown. Three aspects were identified: 1) the attitude of emperors of kingdoms to Buddhism; 2) the relationship of the state apparatus and the Buddhist sangha; 3) the process of further development of Buddhism in China in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, formed on the basis of the traditional worldview. It was revealed that Buddhism in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, both in the North and in the South, developed with the traditions of Buddhism of the Eastern Jin period to the same extent.

Conquering and Ruling Premodern Afghanistan

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This chapter examines Afghanistan's premodern patterns of political authority and the groups that wielded it. During this period nation-states did not exist and regions found themselves as parts of various empires. During its premodern history, the territory of today's Afghanistan was conquered and ruled by foreign invaders. Located on a fracture zone linking Iran in the west, central Asia in the north, and south Asia in the east, it was the route of choice for armies moving across the Hindu Kush (or south of it) toward the plains of India. For the same reason, empires based in India saw the domination of this region as their first line of defense. This chapter focuses on how (and what kinds of) territory was conquered, how conquerors legitimated their rule, and the relationship of such states with peoples at their margins.

Boundary Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Julie Thompson Klein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Academic Reform ◽  
Genetic Toxicology ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Trading Zones ◽  
Organic Metaphors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sector Work

The first chapter lays a foundation for the book by defining boundary discourse in crossdisciplinary and cross-sector work. It begins by distinguishing spatial and organic metaphors of boundaries, with initial emphasis on disciplines. It then combines the two metaphors in a composite concept of an ecology of spatializing practices, illustrated by the evolving nature of disciplines as well as trading zones and communities of practice. The chapter then describes structures for interdisciplinary work, followed by the concept of heterarchy, changing character of higher education, platforms for communication and collaboration, and role of the built environment. It turns next to boundary objects, illustrated by construction of a natural history museum, an academic reform initiative, a project on waste management, and the relationship of objects and their description in climate modeling, regulatory discourse, genetic toxicology, and human ecology. The chapter ends by examining boundary organizations and agents in two cross-sector case studies.

Pragmatics for cross-disciplinary collaboration.

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Julie Thompson Klein
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Work ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Training Modules ◽  
Sector Work

Abstract This chapter draws on the Field Guide, as well as on a recent study of the boundary work of collaborating in cross-disciplinary and crosssector work, with added insights from literature on team science. Heeding the editors' mandate to focus on pragmatics, it depicts the 'how' of collaboration across boundaries of expertise in short essays that define major dimensions. Each essay is framed at the start by keywords and ends with pertinent resources that individuals and groups may use in whole or in part for training modules and workshops, interventions in the course of actually conducting research, and formal curricula in higher education. The initial section of the chapter describes the overarching topic of collaboration, including the role of a collaboration plan and the centrality of communication. The remaining sections discuss three subtopics that are often linked with collaboration. The first, cross-disciplinary and crosssector work, reveals distinctions in kinds of teamwork. The second, integration, discloses degrees of interaction and synthesis. The third, leadership, describes typical needs and responsibilities. These shorter accounts of related concepts and approaches begin with definitions of crossdisciplinarity (spanning multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approaches) and cross-sector work (bridging the academy, government, industry, and communities in the north and global south). After a short summary, the conclusion reflects on the importance of integrative expertise among all team members along with needed requisite competencies.

RAPD analysis of the relationship of North and South American subspecies of Fragaria chiloensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Porebski ◽  
Paul M Catling
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
The North ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Protection And Utilization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South

To improve the intraspecific classification of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne, 35 plants including 5 North American ssp. lucida, 15 North American ssp. pacifica, and 15 South American ssp. chiloensis were analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). From 100 primers screened, 12 were selected providing 62 scorable polymorphic bands. The phenogram (cophenetic correlation, r = 0.99) based on UPGMA clustering of Jaccard's coefficients revealed a clear division between North American and South American plants, but only partial separation was shown between the two North American subspecies. This is the first comprehensive molecular evidence for major genetic divergence between the North American and South American subspecies of F. chiloensis and suggests greater genetic variation within the Canadian material of the North American ssp. pacifica than within the South American ssp.chiloensis. These findings strongly support protection and utilization of wild Canadian Fragaria germplasm for crop improvement.Key words: strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis, ssp. chiloensis, ssp. pacifica, ssp. lucida, RAPD, variation, germplasm, Canada, United States, Chile.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Julie Thompson Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Global South ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
The North ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The Introduction establishes a framework for the book. Heeding Barry and Born’s admonition to map heterogeneity of interdisciplinarity, it accounts for activities associated with, but not entirely encompassed by, the keyword. The Introduction also situates interdisciplinarity in relation to two other concepts, disciplinarity and transdisciplinarity, as well as intersections with convergence, team science, Mode 2 knowledge production, wicked problems, and postdisciplinarity. The framework encompasses linguistic markers of meaning as well: including Pejoration (negative connotations), Amelioration (positive associations), Narrowing (restricted uses), and Broadening (expanded meaning). As a result, interdisciplinarity is a conflicted discourse. Claims range from epistemology and methodology to social justice and product innovation. The introduction also introduces a dual focus on crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinarity) and cross-sector work (bridging academic, governmental, industrial, and communities in the North and Global South). Finally, it defines two methodological approaches: boundary work and triangulation of rhetorical, sociological, and historiographical analyses.

scholarly journals Slip distribution of the 2017 Mw6.6 Bodrum–Kos earthquake: resolving the ambiguity of fault geometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ozgun Konca ◽  
Sezim Ezgi Guvercin ◽  
Seda Ozarpaci ◽  
Alpay Ozdemir ◽  
Gareth J Funning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Fault ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Anticlockwise Rotation ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
North And South

SUMMARY The 2017 July 20, Mw6.6 Bodrum–Kos earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Gökova in the SE Aegean, a region characterized by N–S extension in the backarc of the easternmost Hellenic Trench. The dip direction of the fault that ruptured during the earthquake has been a matter of controversy where both north- and south-dipping fault planes were used to model the coseismic slip in previous studies. Here, we use seismic (seismicity, main shock modelling, aftershock relocations and aftershock mechanisms using regional body and surface waves), geodetic (GPS, InSAR) and structural observations to estimate the location, and the dip direction of the fault that ruptured during the 2017 earthquake, and the relationship of this event to regional tectonics. We consider both dip directions and systematically search for the best-fitting locations for the north- and south-dipping fault planes. Comparing the best-fitting planes for both dip directions in terms of their misfit to the geodetic data, proximity to the hypocenter location and Coulomb stress changes at the aftershock locations, we conclude that the 2017 earthquake ruptured a north-dipping fault. We find that the earthquake occurred on a 20–25 km long, ∼E–W striking, 40° north-dipping, pure normal fault with slip primarily confined between 3 and 15 km depth, and the largest slip exceeding 2 m between depths of 4 and 10 km. The coseismic fault, not mapped previously, projects to the surface within the western Gulf, and partly serves both to widen the Gulf and separate Kos Island from the Bodrum Peninsula of SW Anatolia. The coseismic fault may be an extension of a mapped, north-dipping normal fault along the south side of the Gulf of Gökova. While all of the larger aftershocks are consistent with N–S extension, their spatially dispersed pattern attests to the high degree of crustal fracturing within the basin, due to rapid trenchward extension and anticlockwise rotation within the southeastern Aegean.

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