Nothing Eternal About It

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-298
Author(s):  
Azmi Bishara
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Common ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Alternative Identities

This chapter addresses the common claims that sectarianism is either an ancient Arab phenomenon that has always existed and will always exist or a foreign conspiracy intended to divide the Arabs. It shows that both of these propositions abdicate responsibility for explaining a sectarianism cast as fundamentally inscrutable. In fact, this chapter argues that before the Ottoman Tanzimat reforms, there was no political public sphere in the Islamic World, and thus political sectarianism simply could not have existed. However, the chapter also observes that both Arab governments and opposition movements have drawn increasingly on primordial ties to strengthen their authority or make their case, with local loyalties often forming the basis of ruling elites. Rural people have fallen back on traditional social structures, while urbanites have suffered from social atomization and gone looking for alternative identities. As the state’s authority declined, sectarian and local identities took its place.

El patriacado y la estructura social de la vida cotidiana

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Postigo Asenjo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Public ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Ways Of Life

RESUMENEl sistema patriarcal no afecta exclusivamente al poder político y judicial, sino que afecta a la estructura interna de la sociedad, la identidad y las formas de vida de los individuos que en ella viven. Para comprender mejor como condiciona el sistema patriarcal las formas de vida y la visión que tienen los individuos de la realidad social, hemos de analizar el modo en que se extiende al orden institucional y lo determina mediante "tipificaciones" de hechos y de personas y mediante roles concretos, esteoreotipaciones sexiuales que obstaculizan el acceso a la esfera pública de la mujer, así como su reinserción en el mercado laboral, en suma, todo aquello que afecta al conocimiento común que comparten los miembros de una comunidad. El cambio hacia una mayor igualdad y una real democracia paritaria y compartida no es posible sin una paulatina educación y concienciación de la sociedad en su conjunto.PALABRAS CLAVEPATRIARCADO-TIPIFICACIÓN SOCIAL-IGUALDAD DE GÉNEROABSTRACTPatriarchalism is not only present in politics and the judicial system. It also affects the internal structure of society, above all the life and identitý of individuals. To understand better how it conditions their ways of life and the vision the individuals have of social reality, we should study how patriarchalism r3eaches the system of institutions and how this becomes determined by "typifications" of facts and people, and by certain roles or sexual stereotypes that hinder the access of women both to the public sphere and to tha labor market. It sum, everything that concerns the common knowledge that the members of a community share. The move towards more equality and towards a more egalitarian democracy heavily depends on the spread of civic education to the entire society.KEYWORDSPATRIARCHALISM-SOCIAL TYPIFICATION-GENDER EQUALITY

Social Glocalisation and Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hobelsberger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Health

This book discusses the local effects of globalisation, especially in the context of social work, health and practical theology, as well as the challenges of higher education in a troubled world. The more globalised the world becomes, the more important local identities are. The global becomes effective in the local sphere. This phenomenon, called ‘glocalisation’ since the 1990s, poses many challenges to people and to the social structures in which they operate.

Corporate Politics in the Public Sphere: Corporate Citizenspeak in a Mass Media Policy Contest

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nyberg ◽  
John Murray
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Corporate Political Activity ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article connects the previously isolated literatures on corporate citizenship and corporate political activity to explain how firms construct political influence in the public sphere. The public engagement of firms as political actors is explored empirically through a discursive analysis of a public debate between the mining industry and the Australian government over a proposed tax. The findings show how the mining industry acted as a corporate citizen concerned about the common good. This, in turn, legitimized corporate political activity, which undermined deliberation about the common good. The findings explain how the public sphere is refeudalized through corporate manipulation of deliberative processes via what we term corporate citizenspeak—simultaneously speaking as corporate citizens and for individual citizens. Corporate citizenspeak illustrates the duplicitous engagement of firms as political actors, claiming political legitimacy while subverting deliberative norms. This contributes to the theoretical development of corporations as political actors by explaining how corporate interests are aggregated to represent the common good and how corporate political activity is employed to dominate the public sphere. This has important implications for understanding how corporations undermine democratic principles.

Synergizing Folklore and Urban Values for Sustainable Liveability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Spiritual Education ◽  
Rural People ◽  
City Life ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City ◽  
Common Future

The synergy between rural and urban values is depicted as the source for local and global sustainability. This paper asserts that the folklore tradition of the rural people of Bangladesh promotes sustainability through their respect for nature, spiritual education and the common future of generations. Such values are embedded in the country’s economy, schools, media and other institutions where these messages are taught, articulated and promoted. The positive spiritual dispositions of rural people in Bangladesh towards natural calamities allow them to interpret such events as nature's tools for managing sustainable liveability. Bangladeshi rural communities also enjoy self-reliant living without destroying the country's base of natural resources in contrast to the city dwellers. Thus, the paper aims to establish that the implements for achieving global sustainability could be embedded in “rural modernization” – a way of blending rural values and folklore in city life.

The Effectiveness of Transferring Multi-Agent Behaviors From a Learning Environment in the Presence of Synthetic Social Structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Garfield ◽  
Annie Wu ◽  
Mehmet Onal ◽  
Britt Crawford ◽  
Adam Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

The diverse behavior representation schemes and learning paradigms being investigated within the robotics community share the common feature that successful deployment of agents requires that behaviors developed in a learning environment are successfully applied to a range of unfamiliar and potentially more complex operational environments. The intent of our research is to develop insight into the factors facilitating successful transfer of behaviors to the operational environments. We present experimental results investigating the effects of several factors for a simulated swarm of autonomous vehicles. Our primary focus is on the impact of Synthetic Social Structures, which are guidelines directing the interactions between agents, much like social behaviors direct interactions between group members in the human and animal world. The social structure implemented is a dominance hierarchy, which has been shown previously to facilitate negotiation between agents. The goal of this investigation is to investigate mechanisms adding robustness to agent behavior.

scholarly journals ‘A Local Habitation and a Name’: The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute and the Evolution of Dublin’s Public Sphere, 1824–1904

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Abbey Theatre ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Common Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute (1824–1919), like others of its kind, was established with the declared purpose of providing technical education to the city’s working classes. While its educational objectives were at best partially achieved, the Institute made a significant contribution to the development of Dublin’s public sphere. Especially after 1848, when the Institute acquired the building that would later become the Abbey Theatre, its premises became a hybrid space where the lower middle and working classes could not only attend courses and lectures, but also receive political training on the managing board, organise their own public events at the lecture hall and negotiate relations with their ‘social betters’ in the common area of the reading room. This article looks at the Dublin Mechanics’ Institute through the different venues it occupied between 1824 and 1904, in order to examine the connection between the provision and regulation of physical space and the development of civic and political culture. It argues that the Institute, far from representing a history of failure, must be understood as a key piece in the incorporation of the lower middle and working classes to Irish civic life during the middle decades of the nineteenth century.

Political Participation in Early Stuart Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon Darcy
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Common ◽  
Competing Ideas ◽  
The Public Sphere

AbstractA consideration of political participation in early Stuart Ireland suggests modifications to the prospectus outlined by Peter Lake and Steven Pincus in “Rethinking the Public Sphere in Early Modern England.” By investigating the structures that facilitated public debates about politics in Ireland, as well as the factors that complicated it, this article challenges the periodization of the public sphere offered by Lake and Pincus and suggests that there is a clear need to integrate a transnational perspective. Unlike England, Scotland, and Wales, the majority of Ireland's population was Catholic. The flow of post-Tridentine Catholic ideas from the Continent and Anglo-Britannic political culture meant that competing ideas of what constituted the common good circulated widely in Ireland and led to debates about the nature of authority in the early modern Irish state. These divisions in Irish society created a distinctive kind of politics that created particularly unstable publics. Thus, Ireland's experience of the early modern public sphere differed considerably from concurrent developments in the wider archipelago.

Die Rekrutierung von Topmanagern in Europa

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The World ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Common ◽  
Class Habitus ◽  
Opening Up

Seventy-five to eighty per cent of the ruling elites of the three main European nations (France, Great Britain and Germany) are drawn from the middle classes, and their social recruitment has hardly changed over the last 2j years. According to the author, Bourdieu's theory of class habitus and the role of cultural capital is thus strongly confirmed, refuting the common argument that the world of elites is opening up.

JOURNEYMEN, MIDDLEMEN: TRAVEL, TRANSCULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE ORIGINS OF MUSLIM PRINTING

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nile Green
Keyword(s):  
State Support ◽  
Small Circle ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Technological Transfer ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printing Presses

Within a few years of 1820, Muslim-owned printing presses were established under state sponsorship in Iran, Egypt, and India, marking the true beginning of printing in the Islamic world. Printing projects had been initiated before this period—most famously by Ibrahim Müteferrika (1674–1745) in Istanbul—but these were isolated and unsustained ventures. None gathered the joint momentum of state support and technological transfer to compare with what emerged simultaneously in Tabriz, Cairo, and Lucknow. In attempting to understand the common processes behind this “triplet” birth of Muslim printing, this article reconstructs the small circle of individuals whose at times discordant projects collided in creating a sustainable Muslim print tradition in several distinct centers around 1820.

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