Computational Anatomy: Hypothesis Testing on Disease

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Grenander ◽  
Michael I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Gaussian Random Fields ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Computational Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Groups Of Diffeomorphisms ◽  
Anatomical Objects

Computational Anatomy (CA) is the study of human anatomy I ∈ I = Iα ◦G, an orbit under groups of diffeomorphisms of anatomical exemplars Iα ∈ I. The observable images I<D ∈ ID are the output of Medical imaging devices. This chapter focuses on the third of the three components of CA: (iii) generation of probability laws of anatomical variation P(·) on the images I within the anatomical orbits and inference of disease models. The basic random objects studied are the diffeomorphic transformations encoding the anatomical objects in the orbit; Gaussian random fields are constructed based on empirical observations of the transformations. Hypothesis testing on various neuromorphometric changes are studied.

Computational Anatomy: Shape, Growth and Atrophy Comparison via Diffeomorphisms

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Grenander ◽  
Michael I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Computational Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Groups Of Diffeomorphisms ◽  
Disease Testing ◽  
Three Components

Computational Anatomy (CA) is the study of human anatomy I ∈ I = Iα ◦G, an orbit under groups of diffeomorphisms of anatomical exemplars Iα ∈ I. The observable images ID ∈ ID are the output of medical imaging devices. There are three components CA examines: (i) constructions of the anatomical submanifolds under study in anatomy, (ii) estimation of the underlying diffeomorphisms g ∈G defining the shape or geometry of the anatomical manifolds, and (iii) generation of probability laws of anatomical variation P(·) on the images I for inference and disease testing within the anatomical models. This chapter focuses on the metric comparison of anatomical manifolds.

scholarly journals KAUSALITAS PENERIMAAN, PENGELUARAN DAN PDRB PROVINSI DI INDONESIA 2010 – 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Alno Sardi Putra ◽  
Ali Anis
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Local Government Expenditure

This study has three main objectives, namely, first to find out how the causal relationship between local government revenue and local government expenditure in provinces in Indonesia, the second objective is to find out how the causal relationship between local government expenditure and GRDP in provinces in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the third objective is to determine the causal relationship between local government revenue and GRDP in provinces in Indonesia. In this study, the objects in this study are 33 provinces throughout Indonesia. The data used are from 2010 to 2019. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analytical method used is the VAR (Vector Auto Regression) time series analysis and the cluasaility granger test. which is processed using the help of Eviews. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that: (1) There is no causal relationship between local government revenue and local government expenditure in 33 provinces in Indonesia, but what is formed is a one-way relationship between government revenue and local government expenditure in 33 Indonesian provinces. In the hypothesis testing stage (2) there is no causal relationship between local government spending and GRDP in 33 provinces in Indonesia, in the analysis stage there is no one-way or two-way relationship between government spending and GRDP. Thus the hypothesis is rejected, while the results of hypothesis testing (3) There is no causal relationship between local government revenue and GRDP in 33 provinces in Indonesia. In the analysis stage, there is no one-way or two-way relationship between each variable. Thus the third hypothesis is rejected.

VP135 Clustering Surgical Indicators And Predictors Of Catastrophic Expenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Songul Cinaroglu ◽  
Onur Baser
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
General Health ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Silhouette Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Risk Predictors

INTRODUCTION:Increasing access to surgical care is crucial in improving the general health status of a population. Despite studies indicating the cross-country differences of general health indicators, there is a scarcity of knowledge focusing on the cross-country differences of surgical indicators. This study aims to classify countries according to surgical care indicators and identify risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures.METHODS:For this study, data were used from the World Health Organization and the World Bank on 177 countries. The following variable groups were chosen: total density of medical imaging technologies, surgical workforce distribution, number of surgical procedures, and risk of catastrophic surgical care expenditures. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify countries according to the surgical indicators. The optimal number of clusters was determined with a within-cluster sum of squares and a scree plot. A Silhouette index was used to examine clustering performance, and a random forest decision tree approach was used to determine risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures.RESULTS:The surgical care indicator results delineated the countries into four groups according to each country's income level. The cluster plot indicated that most high-income countries (for example, United States, United Kingdom, Norway) are in the first cluster. The second cluster consisted of four countries: Japan, San Marino, Marshall Islands, and Monaco. Low-income countries (for example, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya) and middle-income countries (for example, Brazil, Turkey, Hungary) are represented in the third and fourth clusters, respectively. The third cluster had a high Silhouette index value (.75). The densities of both surgeons and medical imaging technology were risk determiners of catastrophic surgical care expenditures (Area Under Curve = .82).CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrate a need for more effective health plans if the differences between countries surgical care indicators are to be overcome. We recommend that health policymakers reconsider distribution strategies for the surgical workforce and medical imaging technology in the interest of accessibility and equality.

A Hybrid Approach for Automatic Aorta Segmentation in Abdominal 3D CT Scan Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-719
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Sami ur Rehman ◽  
Imran Ullah Khan ◽  
Arfa Ali ◽  
Hussain Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Iterative Algorithms ◽  
Fast Algorithms ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
3D Ct Scan ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms

Due to rapid advancement in medical imaging, human anatomy is now observable in finer details bringing new dimensions to diagnosis and treatment. One such area which benefitted from advancement in medical imaging is aorta segmentation. Aorta segmentation is achieved by using anatomical features (shape and position of aorta) using specialized segmentation algorithms. These segmentation algorithms are broadly classified into two categories. The first type comprises of fast algorithms which exploits spatial and intensity properties of images. The second type are iterative algorithms which use optimization of a cost function to track aorta boundaries. Fast algorithms offer lower computation cost, whereas iterative algorithms offer better segmentation accuracy. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between segmentation accuracy and computational cost. In this work, a hybrid approach for aorta segmentation in 3D Computed Tomography (CT) scan images is proposed. The proposed approach produces high segmentation accuracy of intensity based (fast) approaches at reduced computational cost. The proposed technique is evaluated using real world 3D abdominal CT scan images. The proposed approach can either be used as a fast-standalone segmentation procedure, or as a pre-segmentation procedure for iterative and more accurate approaches.

Computer Assisted Simulation Model in Cryosurgery for Prostate Tumor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Wei Chen ◽  
Hong-Sen Kou ◽  
Hsueh-Erh Liu ◽  
Cheng-Keng Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Modeling ◽  
Prostate Tumor ◽  
Bioheat Transfer ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Prostate Tumors ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
The Third

Cryosurgery is also called as cryoablation or cryoleision. The third generation of cryo-machine use argon gas for cooling and helium for rewarming to destroy cancer cells. The probes may be put into the tumor during surgery or through the skin (percutaneously). After cryosurgery, the frozen tissue thaws and is either naturally absorbed by the body (for internal tumors), or it dissolves and forms a scab (for external tumors). The main purpose of this paper is to establish a preliminary computer assisted simulation in prostate tumor cryosurgery. A radiologist and an urologist in a medical center in addition to the engineering specialist from the university participated in this interdisciplinary research program. The first step of this simulation protocol is to trim hundreds of two-dimensional medical imaging photos from a patient through the imaging reconstructive software into building a three-dimensional solid modeling. The image data for each patient can be obtained from the x-ray computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the imaging department of hospital. It has successfully built up the related knowledge to overcome the complicacy between the medical imaging modalities and engineering graphic solid modeling with high resolution. It is worthy to mention here that the present solid modeling of prostate can demonstrate the variable diameters and courses of the prostate urethra in vivo. The second step focuses on thermal calculation. So far, there has been no existing commercial software for the specific purpose of the bioheat transfer problem. Hence, user subroutines must be added to the existing commercial software to simulate the clinical situation of cryosurgery. For example, the occurrence of phase change during some specified temperature range and the latent heat of fusion are also incorporated into bio-heat transfer model. It has successfully incorporated bioheat transfer model into the software program to fit the reality in thermal medicine. The third step supplies the data and knowledge concerned with the position of a tumor and the related mechanism of metabolism of living tissue and vessels. The number of probes, the position of each probe, and the operating time of each probe will be explored to ensure a complete killing of the tumor tissue while saving as much healthy surrounding tissue as possible. In this study, the three-dimensional transient temperature distributions based on cryosurgery for prostate tumors have been performed for several cases to find the optimal operating conditions. Different cryoprobes with different freezing time are considered to find the temperature distribution. The simulation results for cryosurgery of prostate tumors will be supplied for practicing physicians as reference to greatly improve the effectiveness of cryosurgery.

Towards a behavioral theory of systemic hypothesis-testing and the error of the third kind

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian I. Mitroff ◽  
Tom R. Featheringham
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
The Third

scholarly journals Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Stress Kerja terhadap Kinerja Staf Pengajar Politeknik Negeri Pontianak

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Evi Sofiana ◽  
Tri Wahyuarini ◽  
Syarifah Noviena
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Early Observation ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
The Third ◽  
Additional Work

Pontianak State Polytechnic (Polnep)  is one of the higher vocational Institution in West Kalimantan. One of Polnep’s objective is to carry out various fields of vocational education in order to generate quality alumni. Achieving this objective requires hardwork and lecturer play a significant role. Since they play a significant role, the lecturer’s perfomance should be taken care of.There are 241 lecturer dan 140 of them have additional work in other unit besides teaching. Based on early observation, They are called Lecturer with additional work, which means they have to spare their time in campus not only for teaching buat also doing some additional work, so sometimes they tend to leave class. Based on early observation, they do the replacement class, late in submitted exam paper dan students grades. They also tend to give more assignment to students.This research purpose is to examine empirically the effect of Polnep lecturer’s workload to performance, and the effect of work stress to performance and the effect of workload to work stress. The research method is survey by using questionnaire as data collecting method. Samples were choosen with non probability sampling method, specifically purposive sampling.Based on first hypothesis testing, there is no proof about the effect of Polnep lecturer’s workload to performance which marked by sig. value 0.740. The same result happen to second hypothesis testing, there is no proof about the effect of Polnep lecturer’s work stress to performance which marked by sig. value 0.179.  The third hypothesis testing proves the effect of workload to work stress. This resultmarked by sig. value of 0.000.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Dept to Equity Ratio Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Sri Putri Winingrum W. A.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
F Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Performance Analyze

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of independent commissioners on financial performance, analyze the effect of institutional ownership on financial performance, analyze the effect of DER on financial performance, and to analyze the influence of independent commissioners, institutional ownership and DER on financial performance. The method / approach of this research is associative research. The results of the first hypothesis research, the Independent Commissioner Beta value of 0.615116 indicates that the independent commissioner has an influence on financial performance. The second hypothesis testing results, Beta value of institutional ownership of 0.007281 indicates institutional ownership has an influence on financial performance. The results of testing the third hypothesis, the DER Beta Value of -0.162996 indicates that the DER has an influence on financial performance. The fourth hypothesis testing results, the significance test of multiple regression seen from the data from the results of significant testing and F test. Conclusion of the results of the first hypothesis testing, the Beta value of the independent commissioner indicates that the independent commissioner has an influence on financial performance. The results of the second hypothesis testing, Beta value of institutional ownership indicates institutional ownership has an influence on financial performance. The third hypothesis testing results, Beta value dept to equity ratio indicates the DER has an influence on financial performance. The fourth hypothesis testing results, a significant test of multiple regression can be seen from the data of the significant test results and the F test. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai hal-hal sebagai berikut: untuk menganalisis pengaruh komisaris independen terhadap kinerja keuangan, untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemilikan institusional terhadap kinerja keuangan, untuk menganalisis pengaruh dept to equity ratio terhadap kinerja keuangan, dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional dan dept to equity ratio terhadap kinerja keuangan. Metode/Pendekatan berdasarkan pada judul dan permasalahan, maka jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif. Hasil Penelitian Hasil pengujian hipotesis pertama, Nilai Beta komisaris independen (komind) sebesar 0.615116 yang menandakan bahwa komisaris independen (komind) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis kedua, Nilai Beta kepemilikan institusional (kepinst) sebesar 0.007281 yang menandakan bahwa kepemilikan institusional (kepinst) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis ketiga, Nilai Beta dept to equity ratio (DER) sebesar -0.162996 yang menandakan bahwa dept to equity ratio (DER) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis keempat, Untuk uji signifikan regresi berganda dapat dilihat dari data dari hasil pengujian signifikan dan uji F. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian hasil pengujian hipotesis pertama, Nilai Beta komisaris independen (komind) menandakan bahwa komisaris independen (komind) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis kedua, Nilai Beta kepemilikan institusional (kepinst) menandakan bahwa kepemilikan institusional (kepinst) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis ketiga, Nilai Beta dept to equity ratio (DER) menandakan bahwa dept to equity ratio (DER) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (knrkeu). Hasil pengujian hipotesis keempat, Untuk uji signifikan regresi berganda dapat dilihat dari data dari hasil pengujian signifikan dan uji F. Kata Kunci : Kinerja Keuangan, Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, DER

scholarly journals Perspective for Future Medicine: Multidisciplinary Computational Anatomy-Based Medicine with Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Makoto Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Computational Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Based Medicine

Multidisciplinary computational anatomy (MCA) is a new frontier of science that provides a mathematical analysis basis for the comprehensive and useful understanding of “dynamic living human anatomy.” It defines a new mathematical modeling method for the early detection and highly intelligent diagnosis and treatment of incurable or intractable diseases. The MCA is a method of scientific research on innovative areas based on the medical images that are integrated with the information related to: (1) the spatial axis, extending from a cell size to an organ size; (2) the time series axis, extending from an embryo to post mortem body; (3) the functional axis on physiology or metabolism which is reflected in a variety of medical image modalities; and (4) the pathological axis, extending from a healthy physical condition to a diseased condition. It aims to integrate multiple prediction models such as multiscale prediction model, temporal prediction model, anatomy function prediction model, and anatomy-pathology prediction model. Artificial intelligence has been introduced to accelerate the calculation of statistic mathematical analysis. The future perspective is expected to promote the development of human resources as well as a new MCA-based scientific interdisciplinary field composed of mathematical statistics, information sciences, computing data science, robotics, and biomedical engineering and clinical applications. The MCA-based medicine might be one of the solutions to overcome the difficulties in the current medicine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document