The pragmatist influence on managerial ideas and practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lorino
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Quality Movement ◽  
Reflection In Action ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Exploratory Inquiry

A key idea of pragmatism is the inseparability of theory and practice, thought and action. Pragmatism is said to have had few contacts with the organizational world, and few direct practical applications, except in the domain of education. In particular, the pragmatist direct influence on the managerial world is often undervalued. However, pragmatist ideas have had a significant impact on managerial doctrines and can be traced in today’s debates amongst organization practitioners. This chapter studies three of those channels: Follett’s direct or indirect (for example through Chester Barnard’s work) influence on the corporate world as well as the management of public institutions; the stream of action research and reflection-in-action, in particular Donald Schön’s work; and the development of the quality movement as an anti-Taylorian revolution, deeply influenced by pragmatist thinkers (exploratory inquiry, community of inquiry, instrumental mediations, process perspective), more recently distorted into a Taylorian revival under the “lean management” label.

Heuristic Algorithms for Waste Load Allocation in a River Basin

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Joshi ◽  
Prasad Modak
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Waste Load Allocation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One

Waste load allocation for rivers has been a topic of growing interest. Dynamic programming based algorithms are particularly attractive in this context and are widely reported in the literature. Codes developed for dynamic programming are however complex, require substantial computer resources and importantly do not allow interactions of the user. Further, there is always resistance to utilizing mathematical programming based algorithms for practical applications. There has been therefore always a gap between theory and practice in systems analysis in water quality management. This paper presents various heuristic algorithms to bridge this gap with supporting comparisons with dynamic programming based algorithms. These heuristics make a good use of the insight gained in the system's behaviour through experience, a process akin to the one adopted by field personnel and therefore can readily be understood by a user familiar with the system. Also they allow user preferences in decision making via on-line interaction. Experience has shown that these heuristics are indeed well founded and compare very favourably with the sophisticated dynamic programming algorithms. Two examples have been included which demonstrate such a success of the heuristic algorithms.

scholarly journals Self-Access and Metacognitive Awareness in Young Learners: How Japanese Sixth Graders Learn How to Learn English

2015 ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
Robert J. Werner ◽  
Yu Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
English Class ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
English Instruction

This paper discusses theory and practice related to self-access and metacognitive awareness in young learners. While still an emerging field, the paper presents several studies that describe young learners’ self-access through playing online multi-player digital games, watching TV/films, and reading various types of texts. The teaching of metacognitive awareness, or ‘learning how to learn’, is also discussed, and examples illustrate how this knowledge is applied to learning both in class and beyond. The latter part of this paper describes elementary English instruction in Japan and includes practical applications of learning how to learn through examples from a Japanese sixth grade English class. The students discuss motivating factors beyond the classroom, how they access metacognitive knowledge, and strategies they apply to better learn English.

Debating points of accounting to reflect escrow account transactions by the developer organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-458
Author(s):  
Margarita F. SAFONOVA ◽  
Yuliya V. MARCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Way

Subject. This article discusses the issues of reflection of information on settlements with equity construction investors both on off-balance and balance sheet accounts of the developer. Objectives. The article aims to determine the extent of the transition to project financing of housing construction using escrow accounts, explore options for accounting for incoming funds of equity construction investors, and develop a methodology that helps avoid tampering with the balance sheet total of developers. Methods. For the study, we used induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and the calculation and graphic, monographic, and accounting and analytical methods. Results. In some cases, the findings have revealed significant discrepancies the way funds available to escrow accounts get accounted for. An analysis of the causes of these deviations confirms the need to develop an off-balance sheet accounting methodology. Conclusions and Relevance. The updated methodology is structured in such a way that the investors' funds are accounted by the developer in one account, another account is used for settlements with the equity construction investors, and the funds placed by the bank on the escrow accounts are reflected in the off-balance sheet of the developer, without misrepresenting the balance sheet total. The results can be used in the theory and practice of construction companies in the process of accounting and reporting by business entities of various forms of ownership, as well as for further scientific developments and practical applications.

Video Feedback on Practicum

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley O'Neill ◽  
Christopher Dann
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Questioning Strategies ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
The Impact

This chapter highlights how the use of video feedback can support preservice teachers' understanding of how to improve the ways in which they scaffold and monitor students' literacy learning, gather formative assessment data in relation to set goals and make connections between educational theory and practice. It examines the contemporary shift towards democratic pedagogies in the context of learning in social constructivist environments and the need for preservice teachers to be aware of the impact of the teacher/student dialogues they create on the quality of pedagogy and students' learning. Preservice teachers' analysis of their pedagogical dialogue not only raises their awareness of the quality of dialogic turn-taking and questioning strategies but makes their associated ‘cognitive moves' explicit for their critical reflection, along with their use of the underpinning metalanguage. The chapter acknowledges the importance of preservice teachers' compilation of rich pedagogical data during practicums and shows how this contributes to deepening their learning. Similarly, it argues that emergent data are central to creating a dialogic community of inquiry where all practicum stakeholders are drawn into a process of learning and knowledge building.

Strengthening and Enriching Audit Practice

2012 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Peter A. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Network Visualization ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Visualization Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Viable System

The audit profession has been facing reassessment and repositioning for the past decade. Enquiry has been an integral part of an audit; however, its reliability as a source of audit evidence is questioned. To legitimize enquiry in the face of audit complexity and ensure sufficiency, relevance, and reliability, the introduction of Stafford Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM) into theory and practice has been recommended by a number of authors. In this paper, a variant on previous VSM-based audit work is introduced to perfect auditing assessment of accountability and compliance. This variant is termed the “VSM/NVA variant” and is applicable when the VSM model is in use for an audit. This variant is based on application of Network Visualization Analysis (NVA) to a VSM-modeled organization. Using NVA, “decision leaders” can be identified and their socio-technical relevance to VSM systems explored. This paper shows how the concepts of decision leaders and their networks can enrich and clarify practical applications of audit theory and practice. The approach provides an enhanced real-world understanding of how various VSM systems and network layers of an organization coalesce, and how they relate to the aims of the VSM model at micro and macro levels.

A Combined Analytical and Numerical Approach to Analyze Mud Motor Excited Vibrations in Drilling Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hohl ◽  
Carsten Hohl ◽  
Christian Herbig
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Practical Applications

Severe vibrations in drillstrings and bottomhole assemblies can be caused by cutting forces at the bit or mass imbalances in downhole tools. One of the largest imbalances is related to the working principle of the so-called mud motor, which is an assembly of a rotor that is maintained by the stator. One of the design-related problems is how to minimize vibrations excited by the mud motor. Simulation tools using specialized finite element methods (FEM) are established to model the mechanical behavior of the structure. Although finite element models are useful for estimating rotor dynamic behavior and dynamic stresses of entire drilling systems they do not give direct insight how parameters affect amplitudes and stresses. Analytical models show the direct influence of parameters and give qualitative solutions of design related decisions. However these models do not provide quantitative numbers for complicated geometries. An analytical beam model of the mud motor is derived to calculate the vibrational amplitudes and capture basic dynamic effects. The model shows the direct influence of parameters of the mud motor related to the geometry, material properties and fluid properties. The analytical model is compared to the corresponding finite element model. Vibrational amplitudes are discussed for different modes and parameter changes. Finite element models of the entire drilling system are used to verify the findings from the analytical model using practical applications. The results are compared to time domain and statistical data from laboratory and field measurements.

scholarly journals Some Peculiarities of Forming Professional Culture in Future Officers in US Military Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shumovetska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Character Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

AbstractThe necessity to research the problem of forming a professional culture of future border guard officers using the experience of military personnel training in the United States has been identified in the article. It has been found that professional culture and professionalism are an important part of the US military education system. The peculiarities of vocational training in the leading educational establishments of the United States of America, first of all the Military Academy (West Point, New York), have been studied. It has been determined that the priority of the academy, as a whole system of military vocational education in the USA, is attention to what is needed in the combat situation: analytical mind, leadership, theory and practice of management, knowledge of military history, operational doctrine, national defense policy, ability to plan and make decisions, perform legal duties, and abide the professional ethics. Experimental, case-based, interactive training with the extensive use of imitation devices and practical applications prevails in teaching methodology, which is needed to improve officers’ ability to analyze and solve problems, effectively interact and apply operational doctrine. To enhance the level of professional culture and military identity in military schools, great attention is paid to the development of officers’ intellectual potential, the ability to think and critically perceive the information needed to act in situations of ambiguity and uncertainty, to achieve intellectual superiority over the enemy. In accordance with the philosophy of military education in the United States, it is stipulated that a graduate of a military school should be first and foremost a highly intelligent person who, in many respects, must outperform a graduate of any civilian university, quickly acquire the chosen specialty. In addition to training for character education, military identity, the US military estalishments also intends to work hard to develop communicative skills and abilities through speaking and writing practice.

scholarly journals New trends in regulation of agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08018
Author(s):  
Sergey Zyryanov ◽  
Anastasia Kalmykova ◽  
Tatyana Levonenkova ◽  
Ekaterina Kozlova ◽  
Olyesya Starodubova
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Regulatory Trends

Regulatory state agencies propose new solutions on regulating relationship in agriculture. Countries with developed agriculture have various national public institutions with a wide range of functions. They develop public policies, set standards, issue licenses and other permissions, do inspections, protect rights of agricultural products consumers, provide support to producers, and etc. Bodies regulating relationship in agriculture act in accordance with the general regulatory trends. Their activity is influenced by modernization and reformation processes, such as deregulation in various forms, transition from a command and control model of regulation to new models providing incentives for producers to voluntarily compliance, risk-based approach introduction, etc. Regulatory tools are often not effective enough for a number of reasons. This work consists of three parts, it evaluates the current state of agriculture in specific actual areas. The first section investigates general trends in the development of regulatory theory and practice. The second section deals with the problems of protecting farmers from unfair trade practices of suppliers and retail chains. The third section presents the results of the analysis of competing provisions on environmental protection and food safety. In conclusion, the authors give a system of new ways of regulation which can replace traditional ways of deterrence.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TOWARDS THE UNDERSTANDING OF HEGEMONY IN THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
N. Romaniuk ◽  
M. Puriy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Robert Cox ◽  
John Ruggie

The article examines theoretical approaches of realism, liberalism, Marxism and constructivism towards the investigation, analysis and understanding of the phenomenon of hegemony in theory of international relations. It analyzes the fundamental claims of key representatives of each of the suggested theoretical approaches regarding hegemony. The authors emphasize the importance of theoretical works of representatives of each approach and demonstrate their direct influence on the formation and development of the studied theory within the science of international relations. In particular, the article provides an analysis of the theoretical views of such leading international relations scholars and theorists, as John Ikenberry, Robert Gilpin, Charles Kindleberger, John Mearsheimer, John Ruggie, Alexander Wendt and Christian Reus-Smit. In addition, the views of Antonio Gramsci, Robert Cox, Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, which formed the foundation of the theory of hegemony in international relations, were investigated. The authors emphasize on the fundamental impact of the investigated approaches of realism, liberalism, marxism and constructivism towards the understanding of the phenomenon of hegemony within the academia, as well as on the theoretical reasoning and on the realization of this phenomenon in international relations. Concordantly, the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of hegemony in terms of theory and practice of international relations is emphasized.

scholarly journals Relevance of Classical Management Theories to Modern Public Administration: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred G. Nhema
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Management Theories

 ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the analysis of management theories of the 19th and early 20th centuries that are commonly referred to as classical organization theories. These ideas are contrasted with the human relations school of thought that achieved great popularity in the 1930s and 1940s. The study asserts that there are valuable lessons that modern public bureaucracies and other public institutions can draw from these early theoretical frameworks. Public organizations molded on the classical organizational management theoretical perspectives have proven remarkably stable in different circumstances around the world. However, they are now increasingly expected to adapt to new and unforeseen circumstances by integrating the foundations inherited from the past and the lessons learnt over the past three decades. Such an approach will enable public institutions to adapt to rapid changing circumstances and in the process be well equipped to meet the demands of their citizens at the levels of theory and practice. Key words: classical organization theory, human relations perspectives, rationality, rule of law, public administration.            

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