The Tragic and the Ordinary

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
History Of

Through a discussion of the moral realism of George Eliot in relation to British psychoanalysis of the twentieth century, and the work of D. W. Winnicott in particular, this chapter demonstrates that there develops within the history of psychoanalysis a framework by which healthy moral development within ordinary conditions is described and avowed. The general forms of psychoanalysis within literary studies to date have been oriented toward the structural, drive-based models of Freud and Klein, which promote an understanding of power and aggression as primary and ineluctable. Through a comparison of the development of the conceptions of the ordinary and traumatic in Winnicott, and the opposition between the tragic and the ordinary in Eliot, this chapter develops a conception of psychological health and moral aspiration amidst precarious conditions, including contingent environmental forces of aggression, rupture, and trauma.

Introduction: In Defence of Paraphrase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Patrick Fessenbecker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Reading Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
Aesthetic Structure

How did “reading for the message,” a mark of shame among literary critics, yet in many ways an ordinary reading practice, become so marginalized? The origins of this methodological commitment ultimately are intertwined with the birth of literary studies itself . The influential aestheticist notion of “art for art’s sake” has several implications crucial for understanding the intellectual history of literary criticism in the twentieth century: most important was the belief that to “extract” an idea from a text was to dismiss its aesthetic structure. This impulse culminated in the New Critical contention that to paraphrase a text was a “heresy.” Yet this dominant tradition has always co-existed with practical interpretation that was much less formalist in emphasis. A return to the world of American literary criticism in 1947, when Cleanth Brooks’s The Well-Wrought Urn was published, shows this clearly: many now-forgotten critics were already practicing a form of criticism that emphasized literary content, and often overly rejecting Brooks’s insistence that reading for the content or meaning of a poem betrayed its aesthetic nature.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emily Sun
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

The Introduction situates the book’s approach to comparative literature in relation to recent debates in the field over the status of “world literature.” It historicizes the notion of world literature in terms of the global disciplinary history of literary studies, contextualizing redefinitions of literature and efforts to write literary modernity in terms of connected yet heterogeneous epistemic shifts in eighteenth-century Europe and early twentieth-century China. It introduces the design of the book and offers chapter summaries. And it explains how efforts to write literary modernity in the asynchronous periods of Romantic England and Republican China constitute experiments also with new socio-political forms of life in different cultural contexts.

3. Traditional Theories in Global Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-75
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Social Character ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines traditional theories in global politics. Although much of the explicit theorizing about international politics did not begin until the twentieth century, both liberalism and realism have drawn on long-standing ideas in the history of political thought to address basic problems of international order. So too has the English School which, while encompassing aspects of both liberalism and realism, has focused much more attention on the social character of international or global relations, elaborating in particular the notion of international society and its normative underpinnings. While most theorizing has been carried out largely, but not exclusively, on the basis of Western philosophical ideas, a new Chinese school of moral realism draws from ancient Chinese thought. Ultimately, both liberalism and realism have been modified over the years with competing strands developing within them, so neither can be taken as a single body of theory.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FIRST PUBLICATION OF LESIA UKRAINKA’S TEXT OF THE “MEMORIES ABOUT MYKOLA KOVALEVSKY”

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
A. V. Radko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The article considers the history of the creation of the text and the first publication of Lesia Ukrainka's memoirs about M. V. Kovalevsky and the role of B. Yakubsky in it as a publisher. B. Yakubsky is a representative of the Ukrainian literary studies in the 20s-30s of the twentieth century, a researcher, textologist and a publisher of the Lesia Ukrainka’s literary heritage. The author of the article lays emphasis on the role of B. Yakubsky, since under his general editorship, a collection of works by Lesia Ukrainka appeared first in the seven-volume (1923-1925) and then in twelve-volume (1927-1930) editions, where the poetess’s «Memories about Mykola Kovalevsky» were published among a great number of other famous works. These publications are unique as they not only represent holistically the liteary heritage of Lesia Ukrainka, but also provide solid studies of her creativity, and the notes to each of them, which contain variants and a textual commentary, are of great importance.

C.G. JUNG'S PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUE OF ACTIVE IMAGINATION IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Swan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Imagination ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Technique ◽  
History Of

This essay in the history of psychoanalysis investigates C.G. Jung's psychotherapeutic technique of active imagination, a state of consciousness in which images from the unconscious are brought to conscious awareness and are expressed artistically in a number of different forms such as writing, painting, sculpting, or dance. This essay outlines the state of psychotherapeutics at the turn of the twentieth century and situates Jung's practice of active imagination in other researches concurrently being undertaken in France, England, Switzerland, Germany, and the United States.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jennifer Richards
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Voice

The Introduction argues that the history of Renaissance reading has privileged the silent reader, even though it is acknowledged that oral reading in this period was ubiquitous. It makes a case for the ubiquity of oral reading—and of voice-aware silent reading—in a unique way, by shifting attentiovn from orality to vocality, moving our attention away from the oral/literacy debate introduced by Walter J. Ong in the mid-twentieth century. Making this shift enables us to re-focus on the question of how the physical voice brings meaning to a text. This chapter explores the patchy engagement with the voice in critical work in different disciplines, including music and post-medieval literary studies. It explains this book’s interest in voice qualities like tone and timbre. Finally, it introduces what will become a key argument: that a printed book needs to be understood as an experience as well as an object.

The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit

2019 ◽  
pp. 348-364
Author(s):  
Richard Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Political Change ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of

The history of Presbyterianism is more but not less than a history of the interpretation of the work of the Holy Spirit. It is a history of actions and reactions, movements and countermovements in response to the work (or presumed work) of the Holy Spirit, or, more specifically, a history of efforts to redress perceived excesses and or deficiencies in its own teachings and in the teachings of others on the Holy Spirit. That the Holy Spirit has played a prominent role in Presbyterian history is not surprising. John Calvin not only systematically expounded the work of the Holy Spirit but also emphasized it as much if not more than any theologian before him, leading Benjamin B. Warfield to call him “pre-eminently the theologian of the Holy Spirit.” This chapter traces developments of Presbyterian pneumatology from the sixteenth century to the twentieth century, highlighting conflicts over the Spirit’s role as a seed of spiritual birth and renewal, source of moral development and social reform and personal and communal empowerment, and force for social and political change.

Howells' Use of George Eliot's Romola in April Hopes

PMLA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1620-1627
Author(s):  
Jack H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Moral Evil ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Moral Sensibility

Howells' many references to George Eliot s Tito Melema, beginning in 1864 and continuing up into the twentieth century, indicate that the character embodied insights on the nature of moral evil and the complexity of human personality which answered to Howells' intuitions on these subjects. Alice Pasmer's mistaken charge in Chapter xliii of April Hopes that her fiancé is, like Tito, “a faithless man” has the important function of revealing that her moral sensibility is seriously flawed. But Howells' is doing more with Alice than creating merely another Puritan dutiolator. It becomes apparent as Alice's selfishness is more fully revealed in the last third of the novel that it is her character which is glossed by comparison with Tito. At the end of the novel Alice is poised at the point where Tito began, and Howells', by marrying her to Dan, has created the conditions which will encourage the hardening of her selfishness into a predominant force in her character. Thus Howells' subtly indicates what direction her moral development will inevitably take.

scholarly journals Alexander Smirnov and the Beginnings of Celtic Studies in Russia

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Grigory Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
History Of ◽  
Celtic Studies ◽  
Romance Literatures ◽  
Welsh Literature

Celtic studies in Russia which have developed during the twentieth century into a recognised and respectable branch on the tree of humanities owe much to one person who undoubtedly has won a right to be called a patriarch of Celtic studies in Russia, namely Alexander Alexandrovich Smirnov. Mostly known for his pioneering translations of early Irish tales into Russian in the early days of his career he was also prominent scholar of Welsh and Breton covering many aspects of Celtic linguistics and literary studies. His biography, achievements and approach to Celtic studies in Russia deserve better attention both on the Russian side and in the view of the history of Celtic studies worldwide. We are aiming here to connect facts of his biography with his academic career in the field of Celtic studies and because of the specific aims and limits of the present conference we are not going to touch on his role as a scholar of Romance literatures and as a Shakespearean scholar. Alexander Smirnov [27.8(8.9).1883 – 16.9.1962] can be considered the first professional Celtic scholar in Russia. He was a prominent medievalist and philologist with a range of interests from early Irish and Welsh literature to Shakespearean studies. The paper is devoted to some little known facts from Smirnov’s biography especially to the early years of his academic career in Russia, France and Ireland. His earlier publications on Celtic literatures and ideas expressed therein will be brought to light and examined. Smirnov should be recognised as a ‘founding father’ of a school of Russian Celtic studies. His ideas and influence are still alive in the works of subsequent Russian scholars of Celtic.

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