The Preudomme

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-82
Author(s):  
David Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Conduct Manuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Gender expectations were a major part of the medieval social habitus, and they were conveyed by an idealized superior male (called in French a preudomme, in German the biderbe man), a concept applied across the social spectrum to laity and clergy alike and the subject of conduct manuals. The preudomme offers in fact a contemporary and widely accepted European medieval definition of masculinity, so far ignored by gender historians. He was very much crafted to assist success in courtly society. This chapter defines and analyses the concept and offers a new avenue into the study of medieval gender which to date has concentrated on data drawn from clerical sources.

scholarly journals Alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (174-175) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Natasa Golubovic ◽  
Srdjan Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the great interest for the concept and a considerable number of papers that deal with the subject of social capital, yet there is no unique and consistent definition of social capital. Forming a consistent theory of social capital is hindered by the presence of several different approaches in the analysis of this phenomenon. Depending on the author?s theoretical position in the definition of social capital or the analysis of its sources, components and outcomes, the emphasis rests on different social processes and relationships. The aim of this paper is to analyze alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital, their advantages and shortfalls, and their implications for the development of the social capital theory.

The Breeding of Dual Purpose Cattle

1944 ◽  
Vol 1944 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
W. S. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Dairy Farmer ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Though this paper is on the subject of Dual Purpose Cattle it is in no sense a defence of them, not because I am not a devout believer in them myself, but because I am certain that before a learned body such as this they need no defence. Still less is it necessary for me to prove to you that such cattle really exist, though even this has been questioned. But though I do not think it necessary to defend them, I should like first of all to say something about their place in the general economy of our English farming. (I say English advisedly, for there have never been many dual purpose cattle in Scotland, perhaps because the conditions are not suitable.) It is a fact often overlooked that only a small proportion of our milk producing farmers are dairy farmers in the true sense of the term. A dairy farmer is surely one who draws the major part of his farm income, if not the whole of it, from his dairy herd. In other words, he is a specialist. If this definition of a dairy farmer is accepted then I submit that dairy farmers form a small minority of those farmers who keep milch cattle, and by all means let them keep pure dairy breeds.

scholarly journals Approach towards classification of the types of legal responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Konstantin Evgenevich Shilekhin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the social relations in the context of bringing to legal responsibility, as well as normative legal acts and scientific literature that reflect such relations. The problem of classification of the types of legal responsibility is relevant in the context of substantiation of the autonomy of its individual types. The attempts to substantiate the autonomy of one or another type of legal responsibility entail the revision of the grounds for classification. The goal of this article consists in revealing the natural grounds for definition of the concept of “legal responsibility” to build consistent and exhaustive classification. The main conclusion lies in determination of the criterion for classification of the types of legal responsibility. Emphasis is placed on the social relations underlying the legal relations, namely legal relations in the area of bringing to legal responsibility. On the example of responsibility for committing tax fraud, the article demonstrates the failure of attempts to find qualification criteria on the basis of the normative legal acts outside the entirety of social relations. The article determines the close link between social relations in the economic sphere, as well as their impact upon legal relations emerging in the context of bringing to legal responsibility as a whole and administrative responsibility in particular.

The Description of Formative Judaism: The Social Perspective of the Mishnah's System of Civil Law and Government

AJS Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Jacob Neusner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Temple

Mishnah's division of Damages presents a complete and systematic account of a theory of Israelite civil law and government. While drawing on diverse materials of earlier ages, beginning, of course, with the diverse Mosaic codes themselves, Mishnah's system came to closure after the Bar Kokhba War. Like its account of the Temple and its cult, Mishnah here speaks of nonexistent institutions and prohibited activities. There being no Israelite government, Mishnah's legislation for a high priest and Temple, a king and an army, speaks of a world which may have been in times past (this is dubious) but did not exist at the time of the Mishnaic discourse on the subject. The division of damages is composed of two subsystems which fit together logically, one on the conduct of civil society—commerce, trade, real estate, the other on the institutions of civil society—courts, administration. The main point of the former subsystem is that the task of society is to maintain perfect stasis, to preserve the status quo, and to secure the stability of all transactions. In the interchange of buying and selling, giving and taking, torts and damages, there must be an essential equality of exchange. No one should come out with more than he had at the outset. There should be no sizable shift in fortune or circumstance. The stable and unchanging economy of society must be preserved. The aim of the law is to restore the antecedent status of a person who has been injured. When we ask whose perspective is represented in a system of such a character and such emphases, we turn to examine the recurrent subject-matter of the division's cases. The subject of all predicates, in fact, is the householder, the small landholder. The definition of the problems for Mishnah's attention accords with the matters of concrete concern to the proprietary class: responsible, undercapitalized, overextended, committed to a barter economy (in a world of specie and currency), above all, aching for a stable and reliable world in which to do its work.

Socjalizacja i edukacja polityczna, jako ważne determinanty kultury politycznej

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Piwnicki
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

It is recognized that politics is a part of social life, that is why it is also a part of culture. In this the political culture became in the second half of the twentieth century the subject of analyzes of the political scientists in the world and in Poland. In connection with this, political culture was perceived as a component of culture in the literal sense through the prism of all material and non-material creations of the social life. It has become an incentive to expand the definition of the political culture with such components as the political institutions and the system of socialization and political education. The aim of this was to strengthen the democratic political system by shifting from individual to general social elements.

scholarly journals The Problem of Definition of Christian Sociology

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anahit JIJYAN ◽  
Romik KOCHARYAN ◽  
Nerses QOCHARYAN
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Socialism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Christian Sociology

This article suggests that different definitions of sociology follow from the different interpretations of its essence. The article points out also that a common flaw of many definitions of sociology is that they omit the intention and purpose of sociological science. Thereby, definitions of sociology by R. Kocharyan and A. Jijyan are presented, which explicitly mention the intentions and purposes of sociology. On the above basis, a preliminary definition of Christian sociology is suggested. Aimed at further elaboration of the subject, the authors consider the position of the Christian church regarding capitalism and socialism, the problem of free will, and certain aspects of Christian socialism related to the emergence of the social state in developed countries. This brings to a new understanding of the highest goal of the Christian religion – the salvation of the human soul – in the realities of the modern world. Accordingly, a definition of Christian sociology is presented with a detailed expression of its intention and purpose.

scholarly journals Environmental law and the essence of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment: structural analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 12006
Author(s):  
Yulia Golovastova ◽  
Ludmila Prikhozhaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article examines existing approaches and different opinions of scholars-penitentiaries regarding the legal nature of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment. The legal analysis of positions of scholars in the field of criminal executive law, who investigated the essence of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in various aspects, made it possible to highlight following approaches: 1) principle of institution of execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment; 2) means of ensuring the regime; 3) condition for implementation of principle of differentiation; 4) special classification issue; 5) type of classification; 6) intrageneric institution; 7) criminal-executive means of preventing crimes in correctional institutions. The authors come to the conclusion that separation of convicts is an inter-sectoral institution (in a broad sense), and also belongs to the category of internal penal means (in a narrow sense). Arguing this point of view, the general constant and special features of legal institutions and legal means and their application to the subject of research are considered. The authors identify and substantiate the main tasks of separation of prisoners and its functions, which are an external manifestation of its essence and determine the social and legal purpose, functional connection with other phenomena. As a result of study of the legal nature, the author’s definition of separate maintenance of those sentenced to imprisonment is proposed, its goals are highlighted and argued.

scholarly journals Pitch as a business PR-text: Communicative and pragmatic aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Balakhonskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Tool ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Goal Functions ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses pitching as a communication technology and a pitch as a business PRtext. For a more complete and correct definition of the concepts of a pitch and pitching, the semantics of the multi-valued pitch lexeme underlying them are analyzed. The types of pitching are described by the field of activity, by the intended purpose and by the time of the presentation. The subject of the study was the textual features of the investment pitch as a PR communication tool. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the structural and content components of the investment pitch in the communicative and pragmatic aspect, including the characteristics of the addresser, addressee, object, goal, functions, etc. The material for the study was selected using the method of random sampling of 28 video recordings of pitch presentations presented on the foreign TV shows Shark Tank and Dragons’ Den, posted on the social network YouTube. The analysis of the material showed that the text of the pitch is based on the principle of combining standard and expression, noted by V. G. Kostomarov, in relation to the language of the newspaper. The tendency towards standardization is manifested in the typical structure of the pitch, the tendency towards expressiveness — in the use of certain verbal and paraverbal means, with the help of which the addresser seeks to express a subjective attitude not only to the content of speech, but also to the addressee, influencing his consciousness and stimulating him to make the necessary decisions. Based on the identified differential features, the definition of an investment pitch is proposed. It is concluded that the investment pitch can be included in a number of other proposals coming from the PR subject — proposals for cooperation, commercial proposals and proposals for sponsorship, calling it an offer for investors.

scholarly journals Facebook groups as a tool in high education

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Nikola Dojčinović
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
High Education ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

The modern age is characterized by the Internet era, the rapid development of technology and new means of communication and education, including social networks. The aim of this paper is to examine the degree of utilization of Facebook in higher education by students, and educational tools within the network. The first part of the paper refers to definition of key terms in relation to the subject matter of the research, chapters on the social network Facebook in function of education and Facebook groups in education. This section also presents interpretations of previous researches, from published scientific papers and books, on the use of the Facebook social network in high education. The second part presents the research conducted for the purposes of this paper, which showed that a group of surveyed students from the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš use Facebook for educational purposes through Facebook groups. Finally, the results that led to the conclusion are summarized.

scholarly journals Theoretic sociology and post-socialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Tomić-Koludrović
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

The post-socialist sociology in Croatia is scarcely able to give adequate answers to the pressing questions raised by the latest developments in post-socialist societies. It turns out equally inadequate when explaning the phenomena the Croatian society is beging exposed to at this particular time. The reason lies widely in the fact that societies emerging after socialism cannot be analyzed in terms of established rules and fully grasped categories. Paraphrasing Lyotard's thesis on postmodernism, the article adopts the view that the post-socialist period should be thought of as the paradox of pre-future, since its situation is the one in wich the rules of "what is going to be created" are, at the same time, operating and being made. In the light of such a definition of the social reality of which we only know with certainty that it comes after socialism, it is clear that only theoretical sociology can offer competent explanation of die new "rules in forming" and of their causes, rooted in the previous reality. Therefore Croatian sociology should turn to theoretical analysis of its own premisses, instead of engaging in new and new empiric researches that are always liable to ideological instrumentalizing, and that - in time perspective - speak more eloquently about the initial hypothesis of researcher than of the subject researched.

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