Understanding Roman London

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Deductive Research

This chapter reviews the theoretical and methodological approaches that have been applied to the archaeological study of Roman London. It explores the role and relevancy of inductive and hypothetico-deductive research methodologies, contrasting the research directions taken by academics and professional fieldworkers. The chapter then describes the evolution of current approaches to stratigraphic excavation, including the pioneering approaches to open-area urban excavation developed by the archaeologists of the Museum of London. Attention is then given to how relative and absolute chronologies are established, giving emphasis to the exceptional importance of both dendrochronology and pottery type-series. A brief review of the research environment concludes by questioning the relevance of ‘Romanization’ as a concept for the study of Roman London. It is explained how the goal of this study is to use the wealth of descriptive documentation now available to understand how and why London changed through time. This justifies the adoption of a more traditional approach to the use of archaeological results to reconstruct historical narrative.

Uncertain Meanings of Risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Besedovsky
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Structured Finance ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Measures Of Risk ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Ontological Uncertainty

This chapter studies calculative risk-assessment practices in credit rating agencies. It identifies two fundamentally different methodological approaches for producing ratings, which in turn shape the respective conceptions of credit risk. The traditional approach sees ‘risk’ as an only partially calculable and predictable set of hazards that should be avoided or minimized. This approach is particularly evident in the production of country credit ratings and gives rise to ordinal rankings of risk. By contrast, structured finance rating practices conceive of ‘risk’ as both fully calculable and controllable; they construct cardinal measures of risk by assuming that ontological uncertainty does not exist and that models can capture all possible events in a probabilistic manner. This assumption—that uncertainty can be turned into measurable risk—is a necessary precondition for structured finance securities and has become an influential imaginary in financial markets.

The Taxonomy of Methodological Approaches in Marketing Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Bilwa Dipak Upadhye ◽  
Nirmalya Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Management Discipline ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The methodological approach used in any research decides the nature of knowledge the research is creating. Understanding the cardinal importance of methodological approach used in any research, this article attempts to review some of the research papers in ‘Marketing' domain and analyses the same with respect to methodological approaches. Based on the critical assessment of these papers, the article further draws some conclusions regarding how ‘Marketing' domain has been evolved with respect to research methodologies. Literature gaps are identified. One of the major challenges for management research is that the theories or frameworks proposed by researchers in management discipline are not implemented actually in practice. As a result, there is a huge gap between academic research and industry. This article tries to propose a solution to this problem by suggesting that marketing research should focus on systems approach in addition to other approaches. Conclusions are drawn based on the analysis. The limitations of the present study are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Shift to Gamification in Education: A Review on Dominant Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-137
Author(s):  
Kingsley Ofosu-Ampong
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Impact

This article examines gamification literature on education since 2011. Using highlighted themes from Kirriemuir and McFarlane’s review on games and education as a starting point, the study identified 32 published papers. Furthermore, the study evaluated and identified previous conceptual and methodological approaches for evaluating gamification in education research. Using the identifying themes, the study discusses the development and use of gamification in education (Theme I), the application of gamification in education (Theme II), and the impact of gamification in education (Theme III) and propose that there is increased gamification and game elements research activities bridging the idea of gamified information systems in education and offering interesting opportunities for future research. The study concludes with future research directions for gamification in education.

scholarly journals Grand Challenges in Comparative Tooth Biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Darrin Hulsey ◽  
Karly E Cohen ◽  
Zerina Johanson ◽  
Nidal Karagic ◽  
Axel Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Model System ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Open Issues

Abstract Teeth are a model system for integrating developmental genomics, functional morphology, and evolution. We are at the cusp of being able to address many open issues in comparative tooth biology and we outline several of these newly tractable and exciting research directions. Like never before, technological advances and methodological approaches are allowing us to investigate the developmental machinery of vertebrates and discover both conserved and excitingly novel mechanisms of diversification. Additionally, studies of the great diversity of soft tissues, replacement teeth, and non-trophic functions of teeth are providing new insights into dental diversity. Finally, we highlight several emerging model groups of organisms that are at the forefront of increasing our appreciation of the mechanisms underlying tooth diversification.

scholarly journals Supply Chain 4.0: concepts, maturity and research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme F. Frederico ◽  
Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes ◽  
Anthony Anosike ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Strategic Outcomes ◽  
Deductive Research

Purpose Industry 4.0 is one of the most emergent research topics attracting significant interest by researchers as well as practitioners. Many articles have been published with regards Industry 4.0; however, there is no research that clearly conceptualizes Industry 4.0 in the context of supply chain. This paper aims to propose the term “Supply Chain 4.0” together with a novel conceptual framework that captures the essence of Industry 4.0 within the supply chain context. As Industry 4.0 is inherently a revolution, and as revolutions are evolutionary, this research also aims to capture the evolution of Supply Chain 4.0 from maturity levels perspective to facilitate the formulation and development of Supply Chain 4.0 strategy. Design/methodology/approach Following a deductive research approach and a qualitative strategy, a systematic literature review (SLR) was adopted as the research method seeking to understand the relationships among supply chain, Industry 4.0 and maturity levels research. The three phases of the SLR process utilized are: planning, conducting and reporting. A concept-oriented technique was applied to the outputs of the SLR to obtain the key constructs that would facilitate the development of the conceptual Supply Chain 4.0 framework. Findings The SLR showed that there is limited research linking Industry 4.0 to supply chain. Nevertheless, it was possible to extract a set of thematic categories from the analysis of the articles which are referred to as constructs as they form the core of the conceptual Supply Chain 4.0 framework. These constructs are managerial and capability supporters, technology levers, processes performance requirements and strategic outcomes. Each of these constructs consists of a number of elements which are referred to as “dimensions” in this research and a total of 21 dimensions were identified during the SLR. The SLR also demonstrated that maturity propositions for Industry 4.0 are still embrionary and entirely missing in the context of supply chain. Hence, this research develops and proposes a maturity levels framework that is underpinned by the core constructs of Supply Chain 4.0 and the corresponding dimensions. As these proposed frameworks are conceptual, this research also identifies and proposes several research directions to help fortify the Supply Chain 4.0 concept. Research limitations/implications This research argues that the frameworks are robust because the constructs and dimensions are grounded in the literature, thus demonstrating both theoretical and practical relevance and value. As Supply Chain 4.0 research is still in infancy, there is a range of open research questions suggested based on the frameworks that could serve as guides for researchers to further develop the Supply Chain 4.0 concept. Also, practitioners can use this framework to develop better understanding of Supply Chain 4.0 and be able to evaluate the maturity of their organizations. As the proposed frameworks are conceptual, they require further empirical research to validate them and obtain new insights. Originality/value The SLR demonstrated a clear gap in literature with regards to Industry 4.0 in the context of supply chain, and also in the context of Industry 4.0 maturity levels for supply chain. This research is unique as it formulates and introduces novel frameworks that close these gaps in literature. The value of this research lies in the fact that it makes significant contribution in terms of understanding of Supply Chain 4.0 with a clear set of constructs and dimensions that form Supply Chain 4.0, which provides the foundation for further work in this area.

scholarly journals Riding populist storms: Brexit, Trumpism and beyond, Special Paper Series Editorial

Organization ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Alexandra Bristow
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Management ◽  
Special Paper ◽  
Future Research Directions

In this editorial, we aim to introduce the diverse set of 21 papers we have curated over the past 2 years, to review their collective contribution to the knowledge base in critical management and organisation studies, and to reflect on how they add to and challenge existing debates within our field. These papers speak about populism in a wide range of voices from multiple perspectives. The geographical reach is wide, with populism discussed in relation to the contexts of India, Latin America, France, the United Kingdom and the United States by authors working in the latter three countries as well as Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden and the Netherlands. The papers cross disciplinary and theoretical boundaries, drawing on political science, history, sociology, psychoanalysis and philosophy. Methodolotgical approaches include ethnography, historical narrative, discursive approaches and autoethnography. As such, these papers raise important questions and offer perspectives and ways forward that are in urgent need of attention and discussion by critical management and organisation studies communities, challenging readers’ understandings of populism at macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. Here we tie the whole series together by highlighting emergent themes and identifying future research directions that these papers have opened up.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATIVE MEMORY OF THE DNIPRO STEPPE RURAL RESIDENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-160
Author(s):  
Victoria Vengerska
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Memory Codes

The aim of the work is to study the mechanisms of constructing communicative memory of the residents of modern villages of Hrushivka (Apostolove District, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast) and Kapulivka (Nikopol District, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast). The settlements under research are directly connected with the location of the Bazavluk (1593-1638) and Chortomlyk (1652-1709) Siches on their territory and realization of one of the large-scale Soviet economical experiments – the program of general electrification, leading to creation of artificial seas and construction of hydroelectric stations. Research methodology.Proceeding from modern methodological approaches in the sphere of memory studies, instruments of oral history, generalizations of fragmentary regional studies, the interrelation of national meta-narrative with the local history was analyzed. The article employs methods of filmography, which potentiated the definition of both the official directions and assessment of the Soviet transformations, directly connected with the territory and certain localities the article deals with, and the local population’s attitude towards these processes, engaging available scripts, documentary and feature films of the 20-ies - 50-ies of the XX century. The methods mentioned above and their implementation stress the novelty of the research. Conclusions Seas need territories, which in this case were taken from people. Destroyed villages and flooded cultures, churches, other unique religious buildings, natural phenomena became the objects of memorialization and communicative memory of the residents of mentioned locations. The article discovers the ways of “imprinting” of the general political situation in the country on the regional contexts of remembering, which have been adapted / fit into a new nation-scale myth since early 90-ies of the XX century, providing the Cossack pages of history with a prominent role. The formation of a new historical narrative in the early 90-ies and the corresponding model of memory, its communicative version received additional incentives for preservation and adaptation to the demands of the time. Thus, the memory of the past, with corresponding memory codes, and the “glory” of the villages of Hrushivka and Kapulivka are used from the standpoint of the present.

Reconciling the ‘step sisters’: early Byzantine numismatics, history and archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
Andrei Gandila
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Early Byzantine

Abstract Despite the growing body of excavation finds and the steady publication of museum collections, the numismatic evidence remains an underutilized historical source. Historians who study Late Antiquity rely on archaeological evidence but tend to ignore coin finds, partly because numismatics developed as an independent field with its own set of specialized tools and research questions. Insufficient dialogue between the disciplines has delayed a proper appreciation of Early Byzantine coins as historical source and the development of a clear methodology for their use in conjunction with the literary and archaeological evidence. In order to overcome such disciplinary divides, this paper proposes several research directions by highlighting the main benefits of integrating the numismatic evidence more fully into the historical narrative. These research directions include a greater emphasis on bronze coinage, the study of the long-distance circulation of people and goods, and distinctions between urban, rural, and fortified contexts. This methodological discussion is followed by a case study from Byzantium’s Lower Danube frontier.

scholarly journals Criticism of the Classical Theory of Macroeconomic Modeling

2015 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
K. K. Kumehov
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Macroeconomic Modeling ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Past State

Abstract: Current approaches and methods of modeling of macroeconomic systems do not allow to generate research ideas that could be used in applications. This is largely due to the fact that the dominant economic schools and research directions are building their theories on misconceptions about the economic system as object modeling, and have no common methodological approaches in the design of macroeconomic models. All of them are focused on building a model aimed at establishing equilibrium parameters of supply and demand, production and consumption. At the same time as the underlying factors are not considered resource potential and the needs of society in material and other benefits. In addition, there is no unity in the choice of elements and mechanisms of interaction between them. Not installed, what are the criteria to determine the elements of the model: whether it is the institutions, whether the industry is whether the population, or banks, or classes, etc. From the methodological point of view, the design of the model all the most well-known authors extrapolated to the new models of the past state or past events. As a result, every time the model is ready by the time the situation changes, the last parameters underlying the model are losing relevance, so at best, the researcher may have to interpret the events and parameters that are not feasible in the future. In this paper, based on analysis of the works of famous authors, belonging to different schools and areas revealed weaknesses of their proposed macroeconomic models that do not allow you to use them to solve applied problems of economic development. A fundamentally new approaches and methods by which it is possible the construction of macroeconomic models that take into account the theoretical and applied aspects of modeling, as well as formulated the basic methodological requirements.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Intent: A Qualitative Review and Integration

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen P. Lindgren ◽  
Michele R. Parkhill ◽  
William H. George ◽  
Christian S. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Sexual Intent ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Sexual Intent Perception

Men appear to interpret people's behaviors more sexually than do women. This finding, which has been replicated in scores of studies using a variety of methodological approaches, has been linked to important social concerns, including sexual assault and sexual harassment. This article provides a critical review of the published literature on gender differences in sexual intent perception, using selective examples to illustrate and summarize the field's major constructs, methodologies, and empirical findings. Theoretical explanations for gender differences in sexual intent perceptions are reviewed. Finally, we highlight the field's remaining issues and make several recommendations for future research directions.

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