Explanatory pluralism across cultures and development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristine H Legare ◽  
Andrew Shtulman
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Explanatory Pluralism ◽  
Transitional Phenomenon ◽  
Cognition And Culture ◽  
Supernatural Explanations

Humans use natural and supernatural explanations for phenomena such as illness, death, and human origins. These explanations are available not just to different individuals within a society, but to the same individual, coexisting within a single mind. This chapter proposes that understanding the coexistence of qualitatively different explanations is fundamentally a cognitive–developmental endeavor, speaking to general questions of knowledge acquisition, socialization, and the interaction of cognition and culture. The chapter first reviews research demonstrating that coexistence of natural and supernatural explanations is not a short-lived, transitional phenomenon that wanes in the course of development, but is instead evident (and widespread) among adults. It then speculates on the psychological origins of coexistence and discusses implications for metacognition. Finally, directions are proposed for future research to inform understanding of how individuals incorporate natural and supernatural explanations across content domains, development, and cultures.

A Chinese perspective on the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110187
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Ji ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Liping Cheng ◽  
Jianfei Sun ◽  
Xiaocheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mentoring System ◽  
Sports Coaches ◽  
Coaching Effectiveness

Efforts to improve coaching effectiveness require an understanding of the common sources of coaches’ knowledge acquisition. Sports coaches utilise multiple learning sources, yet limited direct evidence elucidates the manner in which Chinese coaches learn to coach and the evolution of their learning sources throughout their careers’ development. This research examines the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge for Chinese coaches and analyses changes in learning sources from Junior to Senior level coaches. One hundred coaches from China, including 60 Junior coaches, 23 Intermediate coaches and 17 Senior coaches, completed an online questionnaire. The survey results indicated that coaches acquire knowledge from formal, informal and non-formal learning situations. However, formal coach education (coach education programmes) is the most important source of knowledge acquisition for all coaches. Furthermore, as coaches develop, the sources to acquire knowledge will gradually change from athletic experience to interaction with other coaches. Based on these findings, we suggest that national sport governing bodies build more comprehensive coach education systems by establishing a scientific mentoring system and organising regular coach-themed clinics, seminars, meetings and so on. Future research is needed to examine how coaches in China’s dominant programmes learn to coach and how this learning is practically applied.

scholarly journals Investigating Knowledge Acquisition among Faculty Members

10.28945/3940 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 001-020
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Kaba ◽  
Chennupati K. Ramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Aim/Purpose: This study investigates the issue of knowledge acquisition among faculty members. Background: The paper reports the use of knowledge acquisition tools and reading knowledge sources by faculty members. It also identifies demographic differ-ences among participants in using knowledge acquisition tools and reading knowledge sources. Methodology: The study used an online survey-based questionnaire tool for data collection. The participants consisted of 300 faculty members from 26 academic institu-tions in UAE. Statistical tests are used to verify and validate the hypotheses. Contribution: The paper represents one of the few empirical studies conducted on knowledge acquisition among faculty members in the GCC countries. Find-ings of the study may contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of knowledge acquisition among faculty members. Findings: Findings of the study revealed that medical faculty members read knowledge acquisition sources more than other faculty members. Likewise, IT faculty members use knowledge acquisition tools more than other faculty members. Results of the study supported stage three of knowledge acquisition proposed in the “Stage Theory of Knowledge Consumption Growth” (Mathew, 1985). The study found that journals are the most sources read by the participants while web-based training (WBT) tools are the most used knowledge acquisition tools among faculty members. Results of the study indicated significant differ-ences among faculty members of different age groups, academic ranks, aca-demic specializations, and institutional affiliation in reading knowledge sources. Likewise, findings of the study revealed significant difference among partici-pants of different academic specializations in using knowledge acquisition tools. Recommendations for Practitioners: Results of the study could be extrapolated to other faculty members in the GCC countries. Recommendation for Researchers: More researches could be done to address different issues of knowledge acquisition among faculty members. Impact on Society: Faculty reading of knowledge sources and use of knowledge acquisition tools may have direct or indirect positive impacts on innovation, creativity, and re-search productivity in any society. Future Research: It will be interesting to apply more than one data collection method in the future research.

Adding Modalities to VE Training Systems Enhances Spatial Knowledge Acquisition

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (26) ◽  
pp. 2253-2257
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Hale ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Kay Stanney ◽  
Laura Milham
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Audio Cues ◽  
Spatial Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Spatialized Audio

An empirical study was completed to investigate the effects of audition on spatial knowledge acquisition and workload within a virtual training environment. Four levels of audio were investigated including no audio, non-spatialized audio, and two forms of spatialized audio. While all training conditions led to significant decreases in workload, mental demand associated with knowledge of relative locations of dangerous areas was significantly less when trained with sound cues. The results also indicated that training with generalized spatial audio enhanced concentration. Results from this study outline the benefits of training with metaphoric audio cues to enhance spatial awareness. Future research will empirically examine effects of metaphoric haptic cues.

Organizational Absorptive Capacity and Responsiveness: An Empirical Investigation of Growth–Oriented SMEs

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Liao ◽  
Harold Welsch ◽  
Michael Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Responsiveness ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Knowledge Acquisition

This study examines the relationship between firm absorptive capacity and organizational responsiveness in the context of growth–oriented small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs). By testing the different dimensions of absorptive capacity, external knowledge acquisition and intrafirm knowledge dissemination were found to be positively related to organizational responsiveness. In addition, the relationships between absorptive capacity and organizational responsiveness were moderated by environmental dynamism and the SMEs’ strategic orientation. Results demonstrate that the responsiveness of growth–oriented SMEs is expected to increase if (1) they have well–developed capabilities in external knowledge acquisition and intrafirm knowledge dissemination; (2) they have a well–developed external knowledge acquisition capability and adopt a more proactive strategy, such as being a prospector; (3) they face a turbulent environment and have a well developed internal knowledge dissemination capability. Implications and future research directions are provided.

scholarly journals Frameworks of Intercultural Language Teaching: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Peng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Teaching Intervention ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Teaching Paradigm

This article mainly summarizes the important achievements of domestic intercultural teaching research from the perspective of intercultural competence and teaching and finds that the research of intercultural teaching has gradually shifted from being teacher-centred to learner-centred, focusing on the influence factors of intercultural teaching intervention by different methods and students' intercultural and the improvement of communicative competence, and the teaching paradigm. However, the application background of existing research has certain limitations, and insufficient attention has been paid to learners' own differences. Future research can further research on specific level one or all level students explore ways and methods to effectively improve the intercultural knowledge and abilities of second language learners, and further, promote the optimization of intercultural knowledge acquisition and implement and teaching theories.

Memory rehabilitation: Restorative, specific knowledge acquisition, and compensatory approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashoda Gopi ◽  
Ed Wilding ◽  
Christopher R Madan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Memory Rehabilitation

Memory impairment following an acquired brain injury can negatively impact daily living, quality of life, and progression to dementia—but can be reduced by memory rehabilitation. Here we review the literature on three approaches for memory rehabilitation and their associated strategies: (1) the restorative approach, aimed at a return to pre-morbid functioning, (2) the knowledge acquisition approach, involving training on specific information relevant to daily life, and (3) the compensatory approach, targeted at improving daily functioning. Each memory rehabilitation approach includes specific strategies such as drill and practice (restorative), spaced retrieval (knowledge acquisition), and memory aids (compensatory). Past research has demonstrated little support for the use of restorative strategies to improve memory function whereas knowledge acquisition strategies show promising results on trained tasks but require intensive and time-consuming training. Finally, compensatory strategies remain widely used but there is limited information on training individuals to use them effectively. Considerations for future research to improve the applicability of strategies for memory rehabilitation include assessing memory impairment severity, examining memory needs in daily life, and exploring the long-term effects of memory rehabilitation.

Methods and Techniques of Data Mining

2021 ◽  
pp. 749-767
Author(s):  
Ana Funes ◽  
Aristides Dasso
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Future Research Directions

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of applications where artificial intelligence has fuelled the research and development of new methods, techniques, and tools related to knowledge acquisition and data mining. The development of data mining and other related disciplines has benefited from the existence of large volumes of data proceeding from the most diverse sources and domains. KDD process and methods of data mining allows for the discovery of knowledge in data that is hidden to humans, presenting this knowledge under different ways. In this chapter, the relation of data mining with other disciplines is analyzed, an overview of data mining tasks and methods is presented, and also a possible classification of them is given. Finally, a brief discussion on issues associated to the discipline and future research directions are also given.

scholarly journals The Relationships among Environments, External Knowledge Acquisition, and Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangsoo Kim ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Jae Wook Yoo ◽  
Choo Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact ◽  
External Knowledge Acquisition

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediation effects of external knowledge acquisition on the relationships between environments (dynamism, complexity, and hostility) and innovation. Although prior studies have extensively examined the relationships between environments and innovation or innovativeness, the results of the studies appear to lack consistency. To help clarify the relationships between environments and innovation, this study intends to examine the impact of environments on innovation through external knowledge acquisition, and it is argued that environments are likely to motivate or force firms to acquire new knowledge from the outside, which, in turn, tends to enhance their ability to innovate. Based on data collected from manufacturing SMEs in China through a questionnaire survey, we have found that dynamism, complexity and hostility have all positive total effects on innovation and that they also have positive influences on firms’ external knowledge acquisition. Besides, we have found that external knowledge acquisition has a complete mediation effect on the relationships between all three environmental dimensions and innovation. The results further show that the positive direct effects of all three environmental dimensions on innovation disappear completely when external knowledge acquisition is considered as a mediator. These results imply that the significant relationships between three respective environmental dimensions and innovation demonstrated in prior studies may be spurious. Based on these findings, we have presented key conclusions, implications, and limitations with the direction of future research.

Project management for social good

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-726
Author(s):  
Ashish Goel ◽  
L.S. Ganesh ◽  
Arshinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Good

PurposeRecent research on construction project management (CPM) envisions addressing wider social good while delivering value to the funding organizations. It is complemented by a growing body of knowledge on social sustainability in construction projects. These two literature streams are currently scattered and there is a lack of holistic guidance on integrating social sustainability with CPM. The current study addresses this knowledge gap through a critical review of these two bodies of literature and thereby proposing a conceptual framework for socially sustainable CPM.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual modelling approach, involving sequential steps of knowledge acquisition, and knowledge abstraction and representation, has been used. Knowledge acquisition was based on a systematic search and short-listing of research articles and knowledge abstraction was performed through thematic analysis of the 81 shortlisted articles. The categories abstracted through thematic analysis were integrated and presented as the framework.FindingsA framework for socially sustainable CPM, consisting of four social sustainability characteristics and six areas of social sustainability integration in CPM (SSI-CPM), has been proposed. It presents possibilities of integrating social concerns in CPM processes at various levels – ranging from permanent firms that provide resources to the temporary (project) organization that delivers value.Originality/valueThis study seeks to bridge the gap between theory and practice of realizing social good through construction projects. To this end, a conceptual framework has been proposed along with an agenda for future research encompassing social sustainability and CPM.

Age Differences in Search Time for Two Over-Thecounter (OTC) Drug Label Formats

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina C. Mendat ◽  
Aaron M. Watson ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Younger Adults

This study compared older and younger adults' knowledge acquisition and search times for information on older and newer over-the-counter (OTC) drug label formats. The results showed that younger adults were faster than older adults. The younger group performed significantly faster with the newer formatted labels than the older formatted labels, whereas the older adults yielded no difference between the two formats. Potential directions for future research are discussed.

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