“Wisconsin Works” in Israel? Imported Ideas, Domestic Coalitions, and the Institutional Politics of Recommodification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Helman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Domestic Coalitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Wisconsin Works

The spread of workfare to Israel and elsewhere in the world is typically attributed to the power of a globalized neoliberal orthodoxy. This chapter demonstrates how, on the contrary, the introduction of new employment and social policies in Israel bearing the Wisconsin moniker was an attempt to resolve intra-state conflict regarding the goals and instruments of state intervention in the labor market. These conflicts were resolved through by importing new policy ideas. Via translation, it was possible to assemble a change coalition and advance domestic institutional change. Nevertheless, due to the persistence of intra-state conflicts over the goals and instruments of social and labor policies, workfare was implemented alongside existing institutions to create a new institutional layer. Layering was instrumental in overcoming opposition to the program, but also made it vulnerable to politicization. This politicization brought about the interruption of the program five years after its inception.

scholarly journals Transcending borders in higher education: Internationalisation policies in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 147490412098838
Author(s):  
Nafsika Alexiadou ◽  
Linda Rönnberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
The World ◽  
Internationalisation Strategy ◽  
Internationalisation Strategies

This article examines the national and European policy contexts that shaped the Swedish internationalisation agenda in higher education since 2000, the policy ideas that were mobilised to promote it, and the national priorities that steered higher education debates. The analysis highlights how domestic and European policy priorities, as well as discourses around increasing global economic reach and building solidarity across the world, have produced an internationalisation strategy that is distinctly ‘national’. Drawing on the analysis of the most recent internationalisation strategies we argue that the particular Swedish approach to internationalisation has its ideational foundations in viewing higher education as a political instrument to promote social mobility and justice, as well as a means to develop economic competitiveness and employability capacity. In addition, internationalisation has been used to legitimise national reform goals, but also as a policy objective on its own with the ambition to position Sweden as a competitive knowledge nation in a global context.

The World Economic Crisis and Transnational Corporations

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Jerry Harris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Global Character ◽  
The World ◽  
National Capital ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Bail Out ◽  
World Economic Crisis

Abstract Although the world economic crisis has slowed the flow of global investments and production, transnational capitalism has become more centralized through greater monopolization. We can trace this development in the auto industry with an examination of state intervention, transnational alliances and global competition. Far from developing a nation-centric recovery plan, the Obama bail-out deepens the auto industry’s global character. This example shows how the transnational capitalist class works through the State to strengthen its dominant position over national capital.

scholarly journals Silent Non-Exit and Broken Voice. Early Postcommunist Social Policies as Protest-Preempting Strategies

Südosteuropa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Pieter Vanhuysse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Distributive Conflict

Abstract This essay contributes to the development of an analytical political sociology examination of postcommunist policy pathways and applies such an analysis in a reinterpretation of the social policy pathways taken by Hungary and Poland. During the critical historical juncture of the early 1990s, governments in these new democracies used social policies to proactively create new labor market outsiders (rather than merely accommodate or deal with existing outsiders) in an effort to stifle disruptive repertoires of political voice. Microcollective action theory helps to elucidate how the break-up of hitherto relatively homogeneous clusters of threatened workers into newly competing interest groups shaped the nature of distributive conflict in the formative first decade of these new democracies. In this light, we see how the analytical political sociology of postcommunist social policy can advance and modify current, predominantly Western-oriented theories of insider/outsider conflict and welfare retrenchment policy, and can inform future debates about emerging social policy biases in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Good Governance with Chinese characteristics: A perspective of China's Socialist Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Hans Nibshan Seesaghur
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Political Economic

Since the 1990s, scholars around the world have focused on the complexities of governance reforms. The vicissitudes of the 21st century witnessed global waves for public administration reforms. China, a fast developing socialist country, has been building a strong, robust and modern public governance system. The Socialist Governance of China with Chinese characteristics brought considerable changes in the political, economic and social spheres, transforming the lives of people for betterment. By bringing about economic development through state intervention, introducing rule of law upholding the significance of its people, fostering new ideas, and ushering the ideology of nationalism through “China Dream”, President Xi Jinping and his socialist governance policies have created an excellent example in the world, particularly the capitalist society, demonstrating how society can be developed through socialist ways. Yet, the dynamics of Chinese governance has always been part science and part mystery to other governments that have earned legitimacy through elections, while China’s leaders earned its legitimacy through selection of the most able and their performance in delivering sustained improvements in the quality of life of the Chinese citizens and China's international standing. This paper deals with assessing the relevance of China’s Socialist governance evolution into a science of managing public affairs and the pursuit to optimizing its impact on the state’s economic, political and social spheres.

scholarly journals Os Objetivos do Direito da Concorrência em Face da Ordem Econômica Nacional

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Buchain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The World ◽  
Object Of Study

OS OBJETIVOS DO DIREITO DA CONCORRÊNCIA EM FACE DA ORDEM ECONÔMICA NACIONAL THE OBJECTIVES OF COMPETITION LAW REGARDING NATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER Luiz Carlos Buchain RESUMO: A Constituição Federal brasileira, ao adotar o princípio da livre iniciativa para a Ordem Econômica, também acatou a liberdade de empresa como fundamento destinado a estabelecer a ampla concorrência de mercado entre agentes econômicos. Entretanto, como demonstra a história econômica, a liberdade econômica traz em si a concentração de poder econômico nas mãos de determinadas empresas (ou grupo). Tal concentração de poder é considerada uma das falhas de mercado porque possibilita ao seu detentor adotar determinados comportamentos prejudiciais à concorrência, os quais não seriam factíveis na ausência desse poder. Por isso mesmo, a concentração e o poder econômico passaram a ser objeto de estudos jurídicos e econômicos baseados na premissa de que a preservação da livre concorrência é um pressuposto ao desenvolvimento da economia e garantia da livre iniciativa. O direito econômico reconhece que a livre iniciativa, isoladamente considerada, não garante a manutenção da liberdade econômica ou o modelo de competição perfeita no mundo fático, ou seja, os modelos econômicos estão sujeitos a falhas estruturais cuja correção justifica a intervenção do Estado na economia. Neste artigo, abordamos as diversas correntes que defendem ou condenam a intervenção do estado na economia e sua regulação, em variados graus. A intervenção do Estado na economia tornou-se objeto de estudo e matéria legislativa em todo o mundo, seja na ordem legislativa interna, seja na esfera do direito público internacional, donde se destaca a Organização Mundial do Comércio – OMC e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico – OCDE. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concorrência; Objetivos; Livre iniciativa; Regulação. ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Federal Constitution, once it adopted the principle of free enterprise for its economic order, also accepted the freedom to conduct a business as the basis for the establishment of the broader market competition among economic agents. However, as economic history shows, economic freedom brings with itself concentration of economic power in the hands of certain companies (or group of companies). Such a concentration of power is reputed a market failure derives because it enables such companies to adopt certain behaviors considered harmful to competition, which would not be feasible without such power. Therefore, concentration and economic power have become object of study of law and economics based on the premise that the preservation of free competition is an assumption for the economic development and guarantee of free enterprise. Economic law recognizes as a fact that free enterprise, taken in isolation, does not guarantee the sustenance of economic freedom or the model of perfect competition in the factual world; in other words, economic models are subject to structural failures whose correction justifies state intervention in economy. In this paper we discuss the various currents that advocate or condemn state intervention in the economy and its regulation, in varying degrees. State intervention in the economy has become the object of study and legislative matters in the world, whether in the internal legislative order or in the sphere of public international law, where stands the World Trade Organization – WTO and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD.KEYWORDS: Competition; Objectives; Free enterprise; Regulation. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. O direito da concorrência e as políticas públicas. 1.1. Principais objetivos da política de concorrência. 1.2. Objetivos complementares da política de concorrência. 2. Interface entre política de concorrência e outras políticas públicas. 2.1. Possíveis conflitos entre múltiplos objetivos. 2.2. Instrumentos da política de concorrência. Considerações finais. Referências.

scholarly journals How Are Youth Faring In The Labor Market ? Evidence From Around The World

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fares ◽  
Claudio E. Montenegro ◽  
Peter F. Orazem
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The Challenges of Student in Indonesia after College Graduates with Career Choice Start: Evidence from Ten Private Universities in Jakarta

The Winners ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
William Vincent Setiawan ◽  
Andi Marlin Fattah ◽  
Angga Puspitaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The World

This research examined the problem of graduates’ and students’ who began entering the workforce in which they have creative potential during college and could be combined university studies with activities in the world of work. A qualitative approach was used in terms of testing how students get a job in the labor market. Data analysis method used semi-structured interviews to 50 graduates in 10 private universities in Jakarta. This research focused on gender aspects that challenge graduates. This research finds that student while working is more dominant among women than men, where many companies in Indonesia are more looking for female workers. The labor market must be balanced with the number of graduates in Indonesia so that human resources can be used to the fullest; there is no unemployment and improve poverty rates in the country. Most male and female graduates have worked after graduating and getting jobs according to their field of expertise. There are students who pursue their master’s programs to support their careers and as employees in Indonesian companies.

Institutional Change and Economic Growth in East Asia after the Asian Financial Crisis, 1997-98

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Kee Hoon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The World

Theories on institutional change assert that exogenous shocks are critical in transforming path-dependent institutions. There is not much empiric research, however, that has investigated whether that is indeed the case. To fill this gap, this study investigates the effects of institutional quality on economic growth with a focus on East Asia before and after the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, which delivered a critical shock in economic activities and institutions in East Asia. Using panel data analysis from 1981 and 2007, I investigate whether the effect of institutional quality on economic growth differed in East Asia compared to rest of the world before the crisis and whether such relationship changed after the crisis. Using two-way fixed effects model, the estimation shows that the effect of institutional quality on economic growth was positive on average for the rest of the world after the crisis but negative for East Asia. The negative coefficient was particularly strong for the three countries—South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand—that suffered the most during the crisis. However, in the long term, there was no significant change of this negative effect.

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