Multiculturalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-274
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Community Building ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Group Trust ◽  
Multicultural Policies

Where multiculturalists have argued that shared multicultural values and multicultural policies may form the basis for national unity and secure the allegiance of minorities to the polity and its members, critics have suggested that multiculturalism fractures society and promotes commitments to ethnic in-groups rather than trust and solidarity at the societal level. Based on a review of existing studies, this chapter concludes that multicultural policies do not seem to make much of a difference for these aspects of social cohesion, but that insofar as they do have an impact, it seems to be positive. More importantly, multicultural values seem to have positive direct value effects, not only on out-group trust and solidarity, but also on trust and solidarity in the in-group. Thus, as argued in Chapter 4, multicultural policies are in some cases supported by concerns for equality, and there is furthermore no evidence that such policies are detrimental to the social basis for egalitarian redistribution. In fact, the evidence suggests that states can strengthen social cohesion by engaging in community-building based on liberal and multicultural values.

scholarly journals SOCIAL COHESION AS A CATEGORY OF STATE POLICY: SPECIFICS OF CONSTRUSTION IN THE UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Олександра Дейнеко
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Societal Level

The article is dedicated to the sociological analysis of social cohesion construction as a category of state policy. Analyzing the content of Ukraine's sustainable development goals until 2030 and the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021-2027, the author summarizes the need to determine at the level of legal norms the social capital measurement as a component of social cohesion at the societal level.

The Politics of Social Cohesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
The Impact

In contemporary liberal democracies, it is difficult to find a policy issue as divisive as immigration. A common worry is that immigration poses a threat to social cohesion, and so to the social unity that underpins cooperation, stable democratic institutions, and a robust welfare state. At the heart of this worry is the suggestion that social cohesion requires a shared identity at the societal level. The Politics of Social Cohesion considers in greater detail the impact of immigration on social cohesion and egalitarian redistribution. First, it critically scrutinizes an influential argument, according to which immigration leads to ethnic diversity, which again tends to undermine trust and solidarity and so the social basis for redistribution. According to this argument, immigration should be severely restricted. Second, it considers the suggestion that, in response to worries about immigration, states should promote a shared identity to foster social cohesion in the citizenry. It is argued that the effects of immigration on social cohesion do not need to compromise social justice and that core principles of liberty and equality not only form the normative basis for just policies of immigration and integration, as a matter of empirical fact, they are also the values that, if shared, are most likely to produce the social cohesion among community members providing the social basis for implementing justice. This argument draws heavily on both normative political philosophy and empirical social science. The normative framework defended is cosmopolitan, liberal egalitarian, and to some extent multicultural.

National Identities and Nation-building

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter demonstrates just how preoccupied contemporary liberal democracies are with the impact of immigration on social cohesion, and how they have responded to such concerns with nation-building policies and an emphasis on shared values. More specifically, four country cases are considered, namely Canada, Denmark, France, and the UK. Similarities and differences in how they have responded to concerns about diversity and social cohesion are explained. These responses invoke nation-building, relying to various degrees on nationalist, liberal, republican, and multicultural community conceptions, that is, conceptions of the social basis for intergroup relations and cooperation.

Immigration and the Progressive’s Dilemma

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-156
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts

Chapter 5 considers an influential argument for severely limiting immigration, based on the progressive’s dilemma. According to this argument, immigration leads to ethnic diversity, and ethnic diversity drives down trust and solidarity and so the social basis for egalitarian redistribution. The premise that ethnic diversity drives down trust and solidarity is critically discussed, primarily by reviewing a large empirical literature. It is argued that the evidence is less clear than it is often thought, and that even in studies that do find a negative effect of diversity, it tends to be small. Furthermore, there are a number of ways in which states can moderate any negative impacts diversity may have on social cohesion. Finally, a number of theoretical explanations for why diversity might be expected to drive down trust and solidarity are considered, and it is argued that they do not ultimately support the argument for restrictive immigration policies.

The Social Media Presence of Non-profit Organizations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Lucky ◽  
Dinesh Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Médias Sociaux ◽  
The Social ◽  
Powerful Knowledge ◽  
Social Media Presence ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Medias Sociaux

Social media technologies have the potential to be powerful knowledge sharing and community building tools for both corporate and non-profit interests. This pilot study explores the social media presence of a group of forty-six Alberta-based non-profit organizations (NPOs) in this information rich space. In this paper we look at the pattern of presence of NPOs using social media and relationships with staffing structures.Les médias sociaux ont la capacité d’être de puissants outils de partage de la connaissance et de rassemblement communautaire pour les organisations à but lucratif et sans but lucratif. Cette étude pilote explore la présence dans les médias sociaux d’un groupe de quarante-six organisations sans but lucratif (OSBL) albertaines dans cet environnement riche en information. La communication portera sur les modèles de présence des OSBL dans les médias sociaux et les liens avec les structures organisationnelles.

Reflections on Lawrence Freedman’s ‘Deterrence’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
International Security ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Social Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This chapter focuses on the social aspects of strategy, arguing for the importance of relationships in strategy and, in particular, in understanding of deterrence. Deterrence, in its essence, is predicated upon a social relationship – the one deterring and the one to be deterred. Alliance and cooperation are important in generating the means for actively managing international security. Following Freedman’s work on deterrence in the post-Cold War context, ever greater interaction and interdependence might instill a stronger sense of international community, in which more traditional and ‘relatively primitive’ notions of deterrence can be developed. However, this strategic aspiration relies on international, especially transatlantic, social cohesion, a property that weakened in the twenty-first century, triggering new threats from new kinds of opponent. The need for a sophisticated and social strategy for managing international security is made all the more necessary.

Sentencing Policy as a Force for Social Cohesion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sentencing Policy

This chapter sets out the case for adopting a normative approach to conceptualizing the social reality of sentencing. It argues that policy-makers need to comprehend how sentencing is implicated in realizing state values and take greater account of the social forces that diminish the moral credibility of state sponsored punishment. The chapter reflects on the problems of relating social values to legal processes such as sentencing and argues that crude notions of ‘top down’ or ‘bottom up’ approaches to policy-making should be replaced by a process of contextualized policy-making. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for sentencing policy to reflect those moral attachments that bind citizens together in a relational or communitarian sense. It concludes by exploring these assertions in the light of the sentencing approach taken by the courts following the English riots of 2011.

The Physiology of Social Pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Anita L. Vangelisti ◽  
Nicholas Brody
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Social Pain ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social

Social pain and physical pain have historically been conceptualized as distinct phenomena. Recent research, however, has noted several similarities between the two. The present chapter establishes the physiological basis of social pain. Further, the chapter explores the relational precedents and correlates of social pain. By synthesizing research that explores definitional elements of social pain, the reviewed literature explores the social basis of hurt. The chapter also reviews the extant research that posits similarities in the neural processing of social and physical pain. These similarities are further explained by examining findings that have emphasized parallels between cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses to both social and physical pain. Shortcomings in the current research are reviewed, and several future directions are offered for researchers interested in the physiology of social pain.

scholarly journals Student Perception of the Social Value of Responsible Management

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Crisanta-Alina Mazilescu ◽  
Laurent Auzoult-Chagnault ◽  
Loredana Ileana Viscu ◽  
Bernard Gangloff
Keyword(s):  
Student Perception ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Managerial Efficiency ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Organisational Level

In responsible management, managerial efficiency and sustainable development meet and influence each other. In order to give meaning to their organisation, to respect and look after their collaborators, a manager must promote a set of values on a personal, organisational and societal level. The purpose of this paper is to study the social value attributed to responsible management by students of a technical university. We have therefore undertaken to study a set of seven values attributed to responsible management and, more precisely, their utility and social desirability on a personal, organisational and societal level. The values have been operationalized with personality descriptors. The 60 participants in this study are students from a Romanian technical university. They had to assess, on four scales of seven points each (two for desirability and two for social utility), the value of a person characterised by one of the seven values attributed to responsible management. The results show us that efficiency is the value perceived by the students as being the most desirable for responsible management, and that in terms of social utility, agility is the most appreciated value. We found that there is indeed an effect of the context in which these values are perceived. Efficiency, audacity, dedication and integrity are perceived as more useful at an organisational level, while solidarity was perceived as more useful on a societal level. At the organisational level we also found a gender effect, in the sense that women appreciate people who are efficient, have integrity or are humble more than men do.

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