Spatial and Gendered Linkages Between Non-Farm Diversification and Farm Productivity in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Mawunyo Dzanku ◽  
Daniel B. Sarpong
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dynamic Regions ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter uses both household panel and cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between non-farm diversification and farm labour productivity; is asks whether the gender of the diversifier matters for the relationship. The full sample results provide no evidence that non-farm earning has any effect on farm labour productivity. Region-specific nuances exist, however. The chapter finds that increasing non-farm earnings reduces average farm productivity in poor regions but not in rich regions. The data also provide support for the hypothesis that the gender of the non-farm diversifier matters. Even so, there are spatial nuances: in agro-ecologically more dynamic regions, farm labour productivity is significantly decreasing with women’s non-farm earnings but increasing with men’s, whereas in less dynamic regions only men’s non-farm earnings exert a significant negative effect on farm labour productivity. The chapter concludes that the relationship between non-farm diversification and farm labour productivity is context-specific.

Macroeconomic fundamentals, institutional quality and shadow economy in OIC and non-OIC countries

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabeer Khan ◽  
Mohd Ziaur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Fundamentals ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals, intuitional quality and shadow economy.Design/methodology/approachBy utilizing data setspanning from 2004 to 2015 of 141 countries, the study has employed advanced panel technique, i.e. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method. In order to check consistency of the results, the study also used fixed effect and random effect for robustness.FindingsThe study finds that for the full sample, institutional quality has negative effect on shadow economy while macroeconomic fundaments effect shadow economy differently. After splitting the sample into Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and non-OIC countries subsamples, it observes same influence of macroeconomic fundaments and institutional quality on shadow economy, but the effect of macroeconomic fundaments and institutional quality on shadow economy is less observed for OIC countries. The results are found consistence by using different estimation methods.Originality/valueThe current literature has focused on estimating the size of shadow economy and literature linking the macroeconomic fundaments, institutional quality and shadow economy is scarce. Additionally, this study provides the evidence for cross comparison between OIC economies and non-OIC economies.

Land Reform: A Foundation for Industrial Growth in Developing Countries?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Anne Margrethe Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Agricultural Surplus ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper I examine whether or not land reform can contribute to growth in the agricultural surplus of developing countries. There are two possible channels where we might expect an effect: the first is agricultural productivity and the second is “on farm consumption”. I start with an introduction to the theories on the relationship between agrarian structure and farm productivity. The theoretical literature on the effects of land reform on productivity is inconclusive. Therefore, I perform an empirical test on the relationship. I find that land reform is at least not detrimental to productivity. Next I provide a short summary of the literature on the relationship between land reform and “on farm consumption”. This literature is more conclusive. My conclusion suggests that land reform can have a positive effect on agricultural surplus (and thereby on industrialization) through both growth and redistribution.

Low nodulation and nitrogen fixation of mungbean reduce biomass and grain yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Herridge ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
B. Cocks ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
J. F. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

Apparent nodulation failures and associated low grain yields have been reported for commercial mungbean (Vigna radiata) crops in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. We therefore conducted on-farm surveys of 40 commercial mungbean crops in the region in which symbiotic traits, i.e. nodulation and nitrogen fixation, and biomass and grain yield were monitored. Effects of bradyrhizobial inoculation and inoculation methods on mungbean and soybean (Glycine max) symbiosis and yield were determined in experiments at 3 sites in northern New South Wales. Thirty-four of the 35 mungbean crops assessed for nodulation were nodulated. The relationship between soil nitrate to a depth of 90 cm at sowing and mungbean nodulation was not significant. However, at low-to-moderate soil nitrate levels (<100 kg N/ha), the mean nodule score was 1.6, compared with 0.5 at high (>100 kg N/ha) soil nitrate levels. Soil nitrate had a negative effect on the percentage of mungbean nitrogen derived from nitrogen fixation (%Ndfa). Mean %Ndfa values for soil nitrate levels <50, >50–100 and >100 kg N/ha were 35, 22 and 19% respectively. Grain yields of the surveyed mungbean crops varied from 0.3 to 2.1 t/ha, and were correlated with shoot dry matter. Grain yield was not significantly correlated either with sowing soil nitrate, nodule score or %Ndfa. In the inoculation experiments, mungbean did not nodulate as well as soybean, producing about one-third the number of nodules. Both species responded to inoculation with increased nodulation, although data from one of the sites suggested that responses during early growth of mungbean were not maintained during pod-fill. Effects of inoculation on mungbean %Ndfa were marginal. Average increases were 9%, based on natural 15N abundance, and 6%, based on the ureide method. Soybean %Ndfa, on the other hand, responded strongly to inoculation, with increases of 56 (15N) and 77% (ureide). Inoculation increased mungbean crop N by an average of 10% and grain yield by 6%, compared with responses to fertiliser nitrogen of 31% (crop N) and 10% (grain yield). For soybean, inoculation increased crop nitrogen by 43% and grain yield by 7%, similar to responses to fertiliser nitrogen of 45 (crop N) and 5% (grain yield). These results suggest that inoculated mungbean was N-limited and that inoculation of mungbean using current technology may be somewhat ineffectual. We concluded that low nodulation and nitrogen fixation of commercial mungbean most likely results from the suppressive effects of nitrate and/or insufficient numbers of bradyrhizobia in the soil. When low symbiosis and low soil nitrate are combined, N is likely to limit crop growth, and potentially grain yield. Suggested strategies for improving mungbean nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the northern grains belt include selection of more symbiotically competent plant and bradyrhizobial genotypes and more effective utilisation of established soil populations of mungbean bradyrhizobia.

scholarly journals Enseñando valores y potenciando la prosocialidad. Lo que promueven los entrenadores y lo que interiorizan los deportistas

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Clara López-Mora ◽  
Mari Carmen Flores ◽  
Pedro Valdivia-Moral ◽  
Maria Consuelo Olivares ◽  
Juan González-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Specific Effect ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transmission Of Values ◽  
Positive Effect

Cada vez hay más pruebas de la relación entre la práctica deportiva y la transmisión de valores a una edad temprana, pero se desconoce el efecto especifico de los entrenadores y sus propios valores sobre el desarrollo de estos en los deportistas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la influencia de los valores que los entrenadores consideran importantes, sobre el razonamiento prosocial de jóvenes deportistas. Se empleó un diseño transversal explicativo multigrupo sobre una muestra de 318 jóvenes deportistas con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 17 años (Medad = 11.89; DT = 2.18), de los cuales 221 fueron chicos (68.8%) y sus entrenadores (n= 38), con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 35 años (Medad = 28.4; DT = 6.62). Los resultados revelan que los entrenadores ejercen un efecto significativo en los niveles de razonamiento prosocial de los jóvenes deportistas. Además se demostró el efecto positivo que tienen sobre el razonamiento prosocial los valores del entrenador relacionados con respeto a lo acordado, cuidar la imagen pública y la tolerancia en contraposición del efecto negativo que tienen los valores del entrenador relacionados con concordia, disfrute, juego, logro y victoria. La discusión se centra en la utilidad de los hallazgos para la mejora de las interacciones entre entrenadores y jóvenes deportistas dónde se puedan aunar el desarrollo conjunto de competitividad y formación en valores. There is increasing evidence of the relationship between sports practice and the transmission of values at an early age, but the specific effect of coaches and their own values on the development of these values in athletes is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of values coaches consider important on the prosocial reasoning of young athletes. A cross-sectional, multi-group explanatory design was used on a sample of 318 young athletes between the ages of 8 and 17 (MAge = 11.89; SD = 2.18), of whom 221 were male (68.8%) and their coaches (n= 38), aged between 19 and 35 (MAge = 28.4; SD = 6.62). Results reveal that coaches exercise a significant effect on the levels of prosocial reasoning of young athletes. Positive effect on prosocial reasoning of coaches' values related to respect for agreements, public image, and tolerance was demonstrated in contrast to the negative effect of coaches' values related to agreement, enjoyment, play, achievement, and victory. Discussion focuses on the usefulness of the findings for improving interactions between coaches and young athletes where joint development of competitiveness and value formation can be brought together. Há cada vez mais provas da relação entre a prática desportiva e a transmissão de valores numa idade precoce, mas o efeito específico dos treinadores e dos seus próprios valores no desenvolvimento destes valores nos atletas é desconhecido. O objectivo deste estudo foi identificar a influência dos valores que os treinadores consideram importantes no raciocínio prosocial dos jovens atletas. Numa amostra de 318 jovens atletas entre os 8 e os 17 anos de idade (Idade M = 11,89; SD = 2,18), dos quais 221 eram rapazes (68,8%) e os seus treinadores (n= 38), com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 35 anos (Idade M = 28,4; SD = 6,62), foi utilizado um desenho explicativo transversal e multigrupos. Os resultados revelam que os treinadores têm um efeito significativo sobre os níveis de raciocínio prosocial dos jovens atletas. O efeito positivo no raciocínio prosocial dos valores dos treinadores relacionados com o respeito por acordos, imagem pública e tolerância foi demonstrado em contraste com o efeito negativo dos valores dos treinadores relacionados com acordo, gozo, jogo, realização e vitória. A discussão centra-se na utilidade dos resultados para melhorar as interacções entre treinadores e jovens atletas, onde o desenvolvimento conjunto da competitividade e a formação de valores podem ser reunidos.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gleason Score of Indonesian Prostate Cancer Men in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Abdurrahman ◽  
Sri Suryanti ◽  
Aaron T Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

The risk of high grade PCa in Asia in relation to BMI had positive or negative effect. The objective of this study is to know the relationship between BMI and Gleason score in Indonesian PCa patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The data were secondary data taken from medical records of prostate adenocarcinoma patients in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Ordinal data were analyzed using Chi square and correlation using Spearman. All calculation was done using SPSS 24. There were 95 Indonesian PCa patients. 78 patients is in normal BMI range. Of those 41 patients (52.6%) is in high level of Gleason score. 17 patients is in high BMI range. High Gleason score was found in 11 patients (P = 0.362; rs = 0.094). Conclusion, there is no relation between BMI in Indonesian PCa and Gleason score.   Keywords : Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa); BMI; Gleason score.

scholarly journals Gamblers' attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-755
Author(s):  
Pawel Sleczka ◽  
Barbara Braun-Michl ◽  
Ludwig Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsMoney plays a central role in gambling, and understanding the different attitudes of gamblers towards it might benefit both prevention and treatment of gambling-related problems. This study describes the development of a new German measure of attitudes to money and the differences in these attitudes between male non-gamblers, occasional, frequent and problem gamblers. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attitudes towards money and the severity of gambling disorder.MethodsAn online study was conducted among 2,584 men aged 18–25 years, recruited via the Munich citizen registry. Additionally, a sample of n = 105 Facebook users was included in part of the analyses. Frequent and problem gamblers were invited to a 12-month follow-up. Apart from gambling participation and related problems, the questionnaire included items from existing scales measuring attitudes to money.ResultsThree factors underlying a new 12-item German Scale of Money Attitudes (SMAG) were identified: success, budgeting and evil. Compared with other groups, participants reporting any gambling problems scored highest in success and lowest in budgeting. Budgeting was associated with gambling-related problems in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses and strengthened the relationship between associating money with success and gambling disorder.DiscussionFor problem gamblers, money is important as a personal symbol of success. This attitude has an especially negative effect on gambling-related problems in individuals who handle money irresponsibly. Spending and winning money might play an important role in maintaining self-esteem among gamblers and thus hinder their attempts to quit.

Mechanization services, farm productivity and institutional innovation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qing ◽  
Moyu Chen ◽  
Yu Sheng ◽  
Jikun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of mechanization services on farm productivity in Northern China from an empirical perspective, with the aim to identify the underlying market and institutional barriers. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply the regression method with the control of village fixed effects to examining the relationship between capital–labor ratio, mechanization service ratio and farm productivity, using the panel data collected in 2013 and 2015 by CCAP. Findings Mechanization services improve farm productivity through substituting labor, but it may generate a less positive impact on farms who do not have self-owned capital equipment. Originality/value It is the first study to investigate how mechanization services affect farm productivity for grain producers in Northern China.

scholarly journals “The Reality from the Myth”: The poor as main agents of forest degradation: Lessons from Ashanti Region, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Peprah ◽  
Emmanuel Mawuli Abalo ◽  
Jones Amoako ◽  
Julius Nyonyo ◽  
Williams Agyemang Duah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe prevailing literature on poverty-environment links mostly presents a rather deterministic view of the nexus between poverty and the environment, revolving around the negative impact of the poor on the environment. Specifically, in Ghana, empirical evidence on the prevalence of forest degradation is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain. Using a qualitative approach, data collected through in-depth interviews with 45 randomly selected participants and 5 purposively selected key informants (Traditional Authorities) and using a thematic analysis, the poverty-environment, specifically the forest degradation nexus was verified. This cross-sectional study leads the authors to posit that poverty has a minimal negative effect on major forest degradation in Ghana. The study found that the poor were rather conscious, and future-oriented with regard to the environment, specifically forests owing to how their livelihoods and survival are directly linked to their immediate environment. The results suggest that the poverty-environment nexus could be country, or context-specific and varies between geographical and historical contexts. By implication, the seemingly universal assertion that the poor are those who cause major deforestation in communities could be problematic. Henceforth, the study maintains that it would be a fallacy to make generalisations that poverty is the main cause of major forest degradation, since the link between poverty and the environment is very context-specific. We argued on the premise that reduction of poverty in Ghana may not lead to the reduction of forest degradation. Joint implementation of holistic poverty-environment strategies that incorporate both the poor and the rich should be adopted to curb the wanton forest degradation in Ghana.

Abstract 15572: Trans Fat Consumption is Adversely Linked to Memory in Working-Age Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice A Golomb ◽  
Alexis K Bui
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Dietary industrial trans fatty acids ( dTFA ) have pro oxidant and cell energy harms . Food with anti oxidant and cell energy benefits has been favorably linked to word memory in younger adults, prior to major age-induced variance. Goal: We assessed the cross-sectional relation of dTFA to word-memory. Participants: 1018 adult men age ≥20 and post-menopausal women without CAD, with LDL 115-190mg/dL, fasting glucose ≤142mg/dL, assessed in 1999-2004 (before dTFA regulation). Primary analyses focused on men, as only men (N=694) were represented in younger adult ages. Measurements: “Recurrent words” ( RecWd ) assessed word memory. A Food Frequency Questionnaire ( FFQ ) estimated TFA (gms/day). An age-by-dTFA interaction was assessed. Regression, stratified at age 45, assessed the relation between RecWd and dTFA across models adjusting for potential confounders (see Table). Potential mediators were examined. Results: An age-by-dTFA interaction was significant (P=0.025), supporting stratification. dTFA adversely predicted memory in age <45 (only), robust to adjustment model (Table). Findings were replicated in the full sample, including women (not shown). Each gm/day dTFA was associated with an estimated 0.76 fewer words recalled (full model), P=0.006 - yielding an estimated 11 fewer words at the highest dTFA intake vs none - from a mean of 86. Adjustment for SBP, waist and BMI (but not lipid or glycemic variables) attenuated the relationship, consistent with mediation by factors involving, relating to, or concurrently influencing, these factors. Conclusion: Greater dTFA was significantly associated with worse word memory in adults aged 20-45 years, often critical years for career building. dTFA findings remain relevant because US regulations do not extend worldwide, and presumed dTFA mechanisms have relevance to other exposures. Prooxidant and energetic detriments of dTFA and triangulation with other evidence offer prospects for causality.

Is procrastination a “friend or foe”? Building the relationship between fear of the failure and entrepreneurs’ well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadur Ali Soomro ◽  
Naimatullah Shah
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In the present era, entrepreneurs’ well-being is considered a significant factor owing to its strong relationship with entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurs’ well-being through the mediating effect of procrastination. Design/methodology/approach This study is descriptive, with cross-sectional data obtained through a survey questionnaire distributed randomly in Pakistan. Overall, data from 346 valid cases were used to achieve suitable study outcomes. Findings This study’s empirical findings highlight the negative effect of fear of failure on subjective well-being. Fear of failure is found to have a significant positive effect on procrastination. Furthermore, procrastination has a negative effect on subjective well-being. Finally, procrastination has a negative role in mediating the relationship between fear of failure and subjective well-being. Practical implications The conceptualization of the fear of failure and procrastination (direct and indirect) in relation to subjective well-being may offer a novel contribution in terms of a framework, policymaking and practice. Policymakers, top management and the government may consider the hindering effects of procrastination and fear of failure on entrepreneurs’ well-being and ventures’ success. The study findings may also enrich views in the literature on entrepreneurship and management, particularly in the developing country context. Originality/value This study could be helpful in eradicating the traps of procrastination and fear of failure, raising entrepreneurs’ confidence and levels of activity.

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