The Secularization of the West

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Developed World

The decline of religion, common across the developed world and now evident even in the USA, is not an accident and nor is it the work of committed atheists. It is an unintended consequence of a series of subtle long-run social changes, such as an increase in religious diversity and religion’s loss of social functions and problem-solving expertise. Modernization changes the status and nature of religion in ways that weaken it and make it difficult to pass it successfully from generation to generation. The meaning of such key terms as secularization, secularism, and secularity is clarified, as is the difference between world-affirming and world-rejecting new religions.

Social Changes within Insurgent Groups as a Result of Collective Punishment during National Crises

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrat Silber
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Educational Alternatives ◽  
Palestinian Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Out Of School ◽  
Collective Punishment

AbstractDuring the Intifada (1987–1993) Israel has closed educational institutions in the Territories as part of its coping with the rising violence. This paper analyses the ramifications of closing those institutions, on Palestinian society, its reaction to it and the changes which occurred as a result. In the short run, the Palestinian society has tried to find educational alternatives to the official frameworks; classrooms were opened out of school area and new curriculums were produced. But in the long run, the ramifications were most severe: a decrease in the academic levels and achievements brought universities in Arab countries to refuse to admit students from the territories; students dropped out of schools; and above all, changes in students’ behavior led to significant changes in the Palestinian society. Among them: a decrease in the status and influence of traditional figures, a rise in the level of violence among teenagers and religious radicalization amidst the youth.

scholarly journals YAKIV ORENSTEIN: AN EXPATRIATED UKRAINOPHIL FROM GALICIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
IVAN MONOLATII
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scalene Triangle

Ukrainian-Jewish relations in Galicia between the two World Wars were the reflection of the difference in the status of the two nations. The sides failed to come to mutual understanding, the basis for which was provided by the policy of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic / the Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Taking into account the involvement of the third party, the Polish state, the situation can be described as an interethnic scalene triangle. One of the active figures in this complicated interaction was Yakiv Orenstein (1875–1942), Jewish publisher from Kolomyia, symbolic ‘Ukrainian’, follower of the faith of Moses. His life and work in Galicia in the interwar years is a personalized example of publicly declared pro-Polishness and actual Ukrainophilia.

scholarly journals “The only language we speak really well”: the English creoles of Equatorial Guinea and West Africa at the intersection of language ideologies and language policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Yakpo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
West African ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The West ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article explores the nexus between language policies and language ideologies in Equatorial Guinea and West Africa. By analyzing spoken and written discourses in Spanish and Pichi, I identify a set of ideas and beliefs about Pichi and the semiotic processes by which they have emerged. The comparison of Pichi with Krio, Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin and Ghanaian Pidgin English shows that Pichi is the most disadvantaged of the West African English-lexicon creoles with respect to a number of sociolinguistic characteristics. I argue that linguistic ideologies about Pichi have contributed significantly to disregarding language policy options for elevating the status and extending the uses of Pichi in Equatorial Guinea. Pichi is nevertheless expected to expand its social functions by gradually conquering additional domains of use as has been the case with the other English creoles of West Africa.

scholarly journals Public attitudes to wildlife and conservation in the Third World

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Harcourt ◽  
H. Pennington ◽  
A. W. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Primate Conservation ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Primate Society ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Developed World

Conservationists in the West often assume that the people of the developing world are less concerned about wildlife than are people in the developed world. Recent surveys, in Tanzania, Brazil, Rwanda and the USA, have exploded this myth. The authors discuss the findings from these surveys and their implications for conservation. This paper was presented, in London in December 1985, at a symposium—Current Issues in Primate Conservation—organized jointly by the FFPS and the Primate Society of Great Britain.

scholarly journals PUBLIC AND NON-PUBLIC COMPANIES IN THE LAW OF RUSSIA AND SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Михаил Красильников ◽  
Mikhail Krasilnikov ◽  
Андрей Габов ◽  
Andrey Gabov ◽  
Татьяна Бойко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Public Company ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Uk

The classification of business entities into public and non-public in the Russian law provides a reason to seek from the world experience in order to highlight the similarities and further development of regulatory pathways of the above-noted institute. The goal set is achieved by comparing the attributes of a public company in the legislation of some countries. In particular, on the example of the UK and the USA it is established the difference between public and private companies. There is marked a combination of two trends: imperative regulation of public companies, along with the freedom of the creation and operation of private companies. The article describes the approach to the definition of the status of a public company, adopted in Eastern Europe, which is different from that in the UK, studies law in certain countries strongly influenced by English law. Along with the detailed characteristics of the Russian model of public (non-public) companies its difference from the typical Anglo-Saxon model is revealed. The presence (absence) of division into public (private) companies does not evidence the proper and (or) inadequate level of a legal system in this aspect, but simply reflects the model of regulation of the market in a particular country. The authors criticize different interpretation of the term “publicity” by legislators in the case of public (non-public) companies.

scholarly journals NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS SECURITY OF BELORUSSIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Dimitrij K. Beznjuk ◽  
Zoran Milošević
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human Values ◽  
World Views ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Author of the article stated, on the basis of arguments, as well as on the basis of freedom of opinion and religious beliefs, that a state, in its orientation toward adoption of democratic and universal human values, is not obligated to sacrify its national and cultural particularities for the sake of impersonal cosmopolitan schemes. The author argues so on the ground that in eff ect it has been proven that a democratic state is capable of adopting freedom of opinion as an international standard while not putting on risk its own ethno-confessional and cultural particularity. This is a very important issue, considering the fact that imperilment of national security of the states in the East, especially of Belorussia, has been continuously going on from direction of the USA and the EU, through claims that freedom of opinion and religious beliefs has been violated in this state. Analysis of conditions in the USA and the EU, as well as in Belorussia, points out that Belorussia has been respecting international standards regarding freedom of opinion and religious beliefs just as much as these states which assumed the status of developed and democratic ones. In the end of the article, the author presented his classifi cation of new religions by their most obvious diff erences – in their dogmatic and ideological world views.

Adaptation and Maladaptation in the Past

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander E. van der Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
The West ◽  
Global System ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Relationship

Adaptation and maladaptation are best viewed as different phases in the relationship between a society and its (social and natural) environment. This chapter looks at that relationship over two scales (millennial and centennial) and attributes the transitions (“tipping points”) between adaptation and maladaptation to the unintended consequences of human actions. These, in turn, are due to the difference in dimensionality between the environment and humans’ perception of it. Transitions between adaptation and maladaptation occur when a society’s “value space” (i.e., the total set of values that the society knows, which keep that society functionally together) does not expand at a sufficient pace to keep up with the growth of the society’s population. This chapter argues that this is the case in the current, western-dominated global system, and suggests that an inversion of global information flows (i.e., spreading information rather than concentrating it in the West) has the potential to reenergize the global economic system. This needs to be achieved while respecting the environment, hence the term green growth. It implies rephrasing the current economic and political debates from “burden sharing” to “opportunity creation,” both for the developing and for the developed world.

The status of Plumularia lagenifera Allman, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and related species

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3613 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SCHUCHERT
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ne Pacific

The current status of Plumularia lagenifera Allman, 1885, a common thecate hydroid of the west coast of the USA and Canada, is problematic as it is difficult to distinguish from the near cosmopolitan and very variable Plumularia setacea. Type material of P. lagenifera and newly collected material of P. lagenifera and P. setacea from the region of the type locality of the former was used to compare it to P. setacea from the Atlantic. Measurements of a number of morphological traits were made and analysed using principal components analyses. Type material of the Californian Plumularia palmeri Nutting, 1900 was also included in the comparisons and confirmed the view of earlier workers that it is indistinguishable from P. setacea. Additionally, South African material referred to P. lagenifera by Millard (1975) was compared to the ma-terial from the NE Pacific. Plumularia lagenifera remains difficult to separate from P. setacea. The convex outer wall of the hydrotheca offers the only operational character to distinguish P. lagenifera from P. setacea, which always has straight or even concave hydrothecae. For morphological and biogeographic reasons, South African P. lagenifera sensu Millard (1975) should be referred to P. gaimardi (Lamouroux, 1924). 

scholarly journals ANTI-AMERICANISM IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY EUROPE

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
EGBERT KLAUTKE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the twentieth century, European observers and commentators have frequently employed the term ‘Americanization’ to make sense of the astonishing rise of the USA to the status of a world power. More specifically, they used this term to describe the social changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization. In this context, European intellectuals have often used ‘America’ as shorthand for ‘modernity’; across the Atlantic, they believed, it was possible to learn and see the future of their own societies. Criticism of ‘the Americanization of Europe’ – or the world – easily led to outright anti-Americanism, i.e. a radical and reductionist ideology which held the USA responsible for the economic, political, or cultural ills of modern societies. The war in Iraq in 2003 and the alienation between the USA and France and Germany that followed provided a new impetus for studying the history of European perceptions of America. A large number of studies have since been published that deal with the history of the ‘Americanization of Europe’ and anti-Americanism, and several monographs, which are based on original research and promise new insights, will be the focus of this historiographical review.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

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