Are the Children of Prisoners Socially Excluded?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Oldrup ◽  
Signe Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children Of Prisoners ◽  
Socially Excluded

This chapter seeks to build on and extend the increasingly child-oriented perspective on prisoners’ children. It does so by focusing on the social exclusion experienced by this particular group of children, as social relationships are crucial to child well-being. The study is set in Denmark, where it is estimated that five to six per cent of every birth cohort experiences parental imprisonment during childhood and that the share of children facing this strain is similar to that of children taken into care or living in poverty. Thus, the chapter examines whether the child is socially excluded from important relationships in children’s lives, and less on the child’s encounter with the criminal justice system. This is done not only by adopting a child-centred perspective, but also by using children as informants in a survey from a representative sample of Danish children of prisoners.

Found Out and Opting Out

2016 ◽  
Vol 665 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther Lageson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Online criminal histories document and publicize even minor brushes with the law and represent people who may not even be guilty of any crime. This has dramatically changed the relationship that millions of Americans have with the criminal justice system and may affect their social and private lives. Drawing on interviews and fieldwork with people attempting to expunge and legally seal their criminal records, I explore how online versions of these records impact family relationships. Many who appear on mug shot and criminal history websites are arrestees who are never formally charged or convicted of a crime. The indiscriminate posting of all types of justice contact on websites may impact those who, for the most part, desist from crime and are core contributors to their family and community. I find that many of those who are affected by the stigma of online records did not know that records existed until they “popped up” unexpectedly, and that this experience leads them to self-select out of family duties that contribute to child well-being.

scholarly journals Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Work Education

Educational Work with Socially Excluded Girls – in Terms of the Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935) This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.

Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men’s implicit bias and women’s career costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2026308118
Author(s):  
Emily N. Cyr ◽  
Hilary B. Bergsieker ◽  
Tara C. Dennehy ◽  
Toni Schmader
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chilly Climate ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
Workplace Outcomes

Why are women socially excluded in fields dominated by men? Beyond the barriers associated with any minority group’s mere numerical underrepresentation, we theorized that gender stereotypes exacerbate the social exclusion of women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workplaces, with career consequences. Although widely discussed, clear evidence of these relationships remains elusive. In a sample of 1,247 STEM professionals who work in teams, we tested preregistered hypotheses that acts of gendered social exclusion are systematically associated with both men’s gender stereotypes (Part 1) and negative workplace outcomes for women (Part 2). Combining social network metrics of inclusion and reaction time measures of implicit stereotypes (the tendency to “think STEM, think men”), this study provides unique empirical evidence of the chilly climate women often report experiencing in STEM. Men with stronger implicit gender stereotypes had fewer social ties to female teammates. In turn, women (but not men) with fewer incoming cross-gender social ties reported worse career fit and engagement. Moderated mediation revealed that for women (but not men), cross-gender social exclusion was linked to more negative workplace outcomes via lower social fit. Effects of social exclusion were distinct from respect. We discuss the possible benefits of fostering positive cross-gender social relationships to promote women’s professional success in STEM.

Roadside drug testing: Incoherent policy or uncertainty by design?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Driving Impairment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Roadside drug testing regimes being implemented around Australia have been presented as essential for road safety but are compromised by significant policy incoherence. Prosecution based upon driving impairment has been replaced with prosecution based upon mere detection of a specified substance. The conflation of road safety and prohibition as the jurisprudential rationale for penalty by legislators is producing significant negative side effects for the criminal justice system and for the social legitimacy of the roadside testing process generally. Genuine impairment testing for drivers is important but it is not being achieved by the current procedures in place around Australia.

How 15- to 16-year-old Swedish adolescents experience social relationships and health-related behaviours: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-536
Author(s):  
Ulrica Paulsson Do ◽  
Birgitta Edlund ◽  
Christina Stenhammar ◽  
Ragnar Westerling
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Personal Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
Health Related

Aims: Health-related behaviours are associated with social relationships. Adolescence is a time when healthy and unhealthy behaviours are established. There is a need to investigate adolescents’ views on how social relationships are related to health-related behaviours of adolescents in the Scandinavian welfare system. This study aimed to explore Swedish adolescents’ experiences and thoughts of how social relationships in different social environments are related to health-related behaviours. Methods: A total of 36 adolescents aged 15–16 years were interviewed in seven focus-group sessions. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis of the transcribed interviews. Results: Two themes – social context and personal management – emerged. Swedish adolescents describe that their health-related behaviours as being partly shaped by their own personal management but mainly by the social contexts that surround them. Social contexts were expressed as playing a role in the adolescents’ health-related behaviours, as they provide fellowship, pressure, dependability and engagement. Fellowship with friends and family was expressed as providing healthy behaviours and high levels of well-being. Fellowship with friends was particularly important for physical activity. Close relationships were stated to influence health-related behaviours. Pressure from friends, teachers and social media were described as mainly influencing unhealthy behaviours and, to some extent, low levels of well-being. However, adolescents’ personal ability illustrated how adolescents shaped their own health-related behaviours. Conclusions: The study results contribute to the understanding of Swedish adolescents’ views on how social relationships can shape their health-related behaviours. The findings may be useful to school professionals in supporting adolescents to improve well-being and healthy behaviours.

One Role of the Social Scientist in the Courtroom: The Maria Pitchford Case

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Katherine Van Wormer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Jury Selection ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
The Social

Sociologists have been involved in various aspects of the criminal justice system. The author examines the role of the sociologist in jury selection. Using as a background her involvement in a recent trial, she discusses the basic strategies involved in selecting a jury.

scholarly journals Unravelling the ‘crimmigration knot’: Penal subjectivities, punishment and the censure machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Di Molfetta ◽  
Jelmer Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Hybrid Forms

This article explores the challenges that (cr)immigration practices pose to draw the boundaries of punishment by examining foreign national prisoners’ penal subjectivities. More exclusionary and draconian migration policies have blurred the boundaries between border control and crime control, creating hybrid forms of punishment that, even if officially claimed as measures outside the criminal justice realm, inflict pain and communicate censure. Drawing on 37 in-depth interviews with foreign national prisoners facing expulsion in the Dutch penitentiary facility of Ter Apel, we detail how hybrid (cr)immigration practices are capable of imposing and delivering meanings that go well behind rooted significances and aims of administrative measures. Traditionally designed with preventive purposes, administrative measures have now become part of a project of social exclusion and reaffirmation of the worth of citizenship. This circumstance raises problematic questions for the legitimacy of the criminal justice system in dealing with non-citizens.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY, FRIENDS, AND NEIGHBORS FOR WOMEN'S WELL-BEING IN LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S213-S213
Author(s):  
Heather Fuller ◽  
Heather Fuller ◽  
Masahiro Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Abstract Social support is well documented as promoting women’s well-being across the lifespan, yet implications vary depending on the source and type of support. The present study examined whether relationships with family, friends, and neighbors (both satisfaction with and number in social network) affected well-being over two years. Midwestern women (N=188, mean age = 80) were sampled from two waves of the Social Integration and Aging Study (2013, 2015). Hierarchical regression models indicated that satisfaction with friends predicted better life satisfaction, but satisfaction with family and neighbors did not predict well-being. In contrast, number of neighbors in social network predicted lower life satisfaction and greater stress, while number of family and friends were not associated with well-being. Moreover, differential effects emerged between older and younger women. Findings highlight unique facets of older women’s social relationships and suggest that future research and interventions addressing age and the source of support are warranted.

scholarly journals The Impacts of the Presence of an Unfamiliar Dog on Emerging Adults’ Physiological and Behavioral Responses Following Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Katharina Reiter-Scheidl ◽  
Helmut K. Lackner ◽  
Elisabeth M. Weiss ◽  
Corinna M. Perchtold-Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Appraisal Processes

Research indicates that non-human attachment figures may mitigate the negative consequences of social exclusion. In the current experiment, we examined how the presence of an unfamiliar companion dog in the laboratory effects physiological and behavioral reactions in female emerging adults after social exclusion compared to inclusion. Results revealed the beneficial effects of the dog: Socially excluded participants in the company of a dog showed less aggressive behavior in response to the hot sauce paradigm compared to excluded participants in the control condition. Furthermore, cardiac responses indicated mitigated perception of threat in a subsequent insult episode when a dog was present. The presence of a dog did not impact the most instantaneous, “reflexive” response to the social exclusion as revealed by characteristic cardiac changes. Together, the findings indicate that the presence of a companion dog takes effect in a later, reflective period following a social exclusion experience, which implicates relevant social elaboration and appraisal processes.

THE USE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE FIELD OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES TO BUILD SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE PEOPLE THREATENED BY SOCIAL EXCLUSION. EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
The People ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded

The main problem of this article is the possibility of using social entrepreneurship related to the provision of communal services to strengthen the sense of social security in people threatened by social exclusion. This problem is important because ensuring social security in a direct and indirect way is the task of the state. This task also ap-plies to people who are socially excluded or at risk of this phenomenon. Its implemen-tation may take place with the participation of social economy entities, supported by the state in a financial manner as well as through appropriate legislation in the scope of shaping the conditions for the development of the social economy. The aim of this study is to get to know the scope of social economy enterprises in the municipal services and their impact on people employed in this type of institutions, including the possibility of increasing the sense of social security of this people and confirming or denying that the majority of people working in this type social economy entities are people who are socially excluded or threatened with this phenomenon.

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